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Questions and Answers
What does the term prehistory refer to?
What does the term prehistory refer to?
The period before history was written down, prior to any kind of written explanation of culture and civilization.
What are the three main types of primitive dwellings according to the text?
What are the three main types of primitive dwellings according to the text?
Caves or rocks, huts, and tents.
Which of the following is NOT a classification of prehistoric architectural remnants?
Which of the following is NOT a classification of prehistoric architectural remnants?
- Monoliths
- Lake dwellings
- Tumuli
- Dolmen
- Cromlech
- Pyramids (correct)
What is a menhir?
What is a menhir?
What is the defining feature of a dolmen?
What is the defining feature of a dolmen?
What is a cromlech?
What is a cromlech?
Tumuli, also known as burial mounds, are considered predecessors of the Pyramids of Egypt and beehive huts.
Tumuli, also known as burial mounds, are considered predecessors of the Pyramids of Egypt and beehive huts.
What are lake dwellings?
What are lake dwellings?
What is an architectural typology?
What is an architectural typology?
Prehistoric remains are considered to have little architectural value due to their simple construction.
Prehistoric remains are considered to have little architectural value due to their simple construction.
What is the main geographic feature of Egypt according to the text?
What is the main geographic feature of Egypt according to the text?
Why was the Nile River of immense advantage to ancient Egypt?
Why was the Nile River of immense advantage to ancient Egypt?
Which God was the most important in ancient Egyptian religion?
Which God was the most important in ancient Egyptian religion?
What are the three main types of tombs in Ancient Egypt?
What are the three main types of tombs in Ancient Egypt?
During which period were mastabas built?
During which period were mastabas built?
During which period were pyramids built?
During which period were pyramids built?
During which period were rock-cut caves built?
During which period were rock-cut caves built?
Who was the royal architect and manager of pyramids who commissioned the Mastaba of Thy?
Who was the royal architect and manager of pyramids who commissioned the Mastaba of Thy?
Who discovered the Mastaba of Ti, Sakkara in 1865?
Who discovered the Mastaba of Ti, Sakkara in 1865?
Who designed the first Egyptian step pyramid?
Who designed the first Egyptian step pyramid?
The Pyramid of Djoser is considered a significant structure for Egyptians and for the Earth as well.
The Pyramid of Djoser is considered a significant structure for Egyptians and for the Earth as well.
The Pyramid of Djoser is located northwest of the city of Memphis.
The Pyramid of Djoser is located northwest of the city of Memphis.
What is the central feature of the Djoser complex?
What is the central feature of the Djoser complex?
How many mastabas were stacked one atop another to create the initial structure of the Pyramid of Djoser?
How many mastabas were stacked one atop another to create the initial structure of the Pyramid of Djoser?
What is the original height of the Pyramid of Djoser?
What is the original height of the Pyramid of Djoser?
What is the original base size of the Pyramid of Djoser?
What is the original base size of the Pyramid of Djoser?
The step pyramid is considered to be the earliest complex, large-scale stone construction.
The step pyramid is considered to be the earliest complex, large-scale stone construction.
When did the construction of the Pyramid of Djoser begin?
When did the construction of the Pyramid of Djoser begin?
The oldest known uncut stone pyramid structure dates to 3000 BC, found in the city of Caral, Peru.
The oldest known uncut stone pyramid structure dates to 3000 BC, found in the city of Caral, Peru.
The Pyramid of Djoser is considered to be the evolutionary basis of all later pyramids in Egypt.
The Pyramid of Djoser is considered to be the evolutionary basis of all later pyramids in Egypt.
What is the main purpose of a clerestory window?
What is the main purpose of a clerestory window?
What is a hypostyle hall?
What is a hypostyle hall?
Pylons are the large gates at the front of the temple.
Pylons are the large gates at the front of the temple.
What were the walls of the pylons decorated with?
What were the walls of the pylons decorated with?
What are obelisks?
What are obelisks?
Rock-cut tombs are found in several parts of the world.
Rock-cut tombs are found in several parts of the world.
What city was the centre of the necropolis of the New Kingdom?
What city was the centre of the necropolis of the New Kingdom?
What is the Valley of the Kings?
What is the Valley of the Kings?
Why were the tombs at Beni-Hasan considered remarkable?
Why were the tombs at Beni-Hasan considered remarkable?
Flashcards
Prehistory
Prehistory
The period before written history, where cultures and civilizations existed but were not documented.
Architectural typology
Architectural typology
A building's classification based on its function, like a train station, church, or school.
Monoliths
Monoliths
Single, upright stones, also known as menhirs, used in prehistoric structures.
Dolmens
Dolmens
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Cromlechs
Cromlechs
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Tumuli
Tumuli
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Lake Dwellings
Lake Dwellings
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Step pyramids
Step pyramids
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Step Pyramid of Djoser
Step Pyramid of Djoser
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Bent Pyramid
Bent Pyramid
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Great Pyramid of Cheops
Great Pyramid of Cheops
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Pylons
Pylons
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Hypostyle Hall
Hypostyle Hall
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Clerestory Windows
Clerestory Windows
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Rock-cut tombs
Rock-cut tombs
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Valley of Kings
Valley of Kings
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Theban tombs
Theban tombs
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Cult temple
Cult temple
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Mortuary temple
Mortuary temple
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Great Temple of Ammon, Karnak
Great Temple of Ammon, Karnak
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Temple of Abu Simbel
Temple of Abu Simbel
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Great Temple of Abu Simbel
Great Temple of Abu Simbel
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Small Temple of Abu Simbel
Small Temple of Abu Simbel
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Obelisks
Obelisks
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The Sphinx
The Sphinx
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Hathor-headed Columns
Hathor-headed Columns
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Lotus Columns
Lotus Columns
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Papyrus Columns
Papyrus Columns
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Egyptian Dwellings
Egyptian Dwellings
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Study Notes
Lecture Information
- Lecture-1 (6th August 2018): Introduction to Prehistoric Architecture
- Lecture-2 (8th August 2018): Egyptian Civilization
- Lecture-3 (8th August 2018): Mastaba
- Lecture-4 (13th August 2018): Important Terms (Trabeated & Arcuated) & Architectural Elements (Clerestory Windows & Hypostyle Hall)
- Lecture-5 (20th August 2018): The Temple of Abu Simbel
- Lecture-6 (24th August 2018): (No specific topic provided)
Prehistoric Architecture
- Definition: Prehistory refers to the period before written history and the development of culture and civilization.
- Early Building Practices: Early humans built structures based on needs for protection from weather.
- Architectural Typology: Early dwellings included caves, huts made of branches and mud, and tents.
- Examples: Monoliths (menhirs), dolmens, cromlechs, tumuli, and lake dwellings.
Egyptian Civilization
- Location: Nile River valley in Africa.
- Geographical Conditions: Egypt is a sandy desert with fertile land along the banks of the Nile.
- Geological Conditions: Nile waters are crucial for fertilizing the desert lands.
- Social Stratification: Egyptian society had a hierarchical structure with a Pharaoh at the top and workers and slaves at the bottom.
Mastaba
- Description: An early Egyptian tomb type, rectangular with sloping sides and a flat roof.
- Internal Structure: Comprised of an outer chamber, offering chamber, serdabs (containing statues of the deceased and family members), and a shaft leading to the burial chamber.
Important Terms & Architectural Elements
- Trabeated Construction: A method of construction using horizontal beams resting on vertical supports (posts and lintels).
- Arcuated Construction: A method where forces are transferred to a keystone in an arch.
- Clerestory Windows: Windows located in the upper part of a building, usually above the roof level.
- Hypostyle Hall: Large hall with rows of columns supporting a flat roof.
The Temple of Abu Simbel
- Construction: Entirely carved from the solid rock, featuring colossal statues of Ramses II and others.
- Orientation and Significance: The temple was aligned to reflect the sun’s position for specific dates of the year.
Dwellings
- Building Materials:
- Houses were made of mud bricks.
The Sphinx
- Description: A large limestone statue of a mythical creature with a human head and a lion's body.
- Purpose: Precise purpose debated, but likely associated with protecting pharaohs and their eternal monuments and status.
Different Types of Columns
- Hathor-headed Columns: Columns featuring capitals that depict the head of the goddess Hathor.
- Lotus Capitals: Capitals shaped like lotus flowers.
- Palm Capitals: Capitals shaped like palm trees.
- Palmette Capitals: Capitals with a palmette pattern that derives from foliage.
- Papyrus Capitals: Capitals shaped like a papyrus plant.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of Prehistoric Architecture and the key elements of Egyptian Civilization. This quiz covers early building practices, architectural typologies, and significant structures like the Temple of Abu Simbel. Dive into the rich history and innovation of ancient cultures!
