Preguntas del parcial AMQ II Enero 2024

Preguntas del parcial AMQ II Enero 2024

• Rehabilitación Cardiaca: Three phases of treatment are described. Phase II occurs during the patient's hospital stay, while Phase III is the shortest. Treatment is sometimes performed in a hospital setting.

• Arteria descendente anterior: A branch of the left coronary artery.

• Factores de riesgo de EPOC (false answer): Passive smoking is a factor, while antioxidant intake is not.

• Fractura de cadera: Post-operative swelling, pain, warmth, and redness in the calf suggest a secondary hematoma, requiring medical consultation.

• Linfedema: Surgical treatment involves "debulking."

• Atelectasias: Obstructive atelectasis can cause a shift in the mediastinum, and they can occur after abdominal surgery.

• Miembro inferior pain: Sudden pain, coldness, and lack of pulse suggest acute arterial insufficiency.

• Válvula auricular derecha-ventricular derecha: The tricuspid valve.

• Cardiopatía isquémica: Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, diabetes, and regular aerobic exercise are possible causes, while obesity is not directly listed as a cause.

• Insuficiencia cardiaca con edema pulmonar: Left-sided heart failure.

• Ortopnea: Shortness of breath while lying down.

• Complicación más grave de linfedema: Filariasis is a severe complication.

• Rehabilitación respiratoria: Essential for patient benefits is voluntary work, and not mechanical ventilation.

• Fase más larga de la rehabilitación cardiaca: Phase III.

• Válvula auricular izquierda-ventricular izquierda: Mitral valve.

• Atelectasias: Caused by obstruction (e.g., mucus, tumor) or due to conditions such as pneumothorax.

• EPOC progression: Inhaled corticosteroids are the most effective treatment.

• Fractura de cadera: A secondary hematoma in the calf post-surgery is a possible cause.

• Insuficiencia venosa grave: A condition marked by leg heaviness, pain in the calf, increased ankle swelling as the day progresses, and thin, dark skin.

• Causas de hipertensión arterial: Kidney disease is one frequent cause.

• Claudicación intermitente: A symptom of chronic arterial insufficiency.

• Cardiopatía isquémica: Atherosclerosis is the most frequent cause.

• Insuficiencia venosa crónica: Features like supportive compression socks, weight loss, rest, and elevating the legs.

• Fibrosis quística: Treatment may include medications, rehabilitation, and avoiding tobacco.

• Bronquiectasias: Infections are a contributing cause of bronchiectasis.

• EPOC: Physiotherapy is not a treatment that stops the disease's progression.

• Rehabilitación pulmonar: Common durations are four, eight, or twelve weeks.

• Síndrome de Kartagener: Respiratory characteristics include breathing difficulty, recurring respiratory infections, and the early onset of lung damage.

• Parálisis braquial obstétrica: The sign is the corniculate sign in cases of limited abduction of the arm when rotating the shoulder.

• Parálisis facial: Peripheral facial paralysis can have diverse causes and affects the lower part of the face. A sign that is often absent is the inability to completely close the eye.

• Parálisis cerebral infantil: The diagnosis is mostly clinical, noting abnormal development from birth, with a clear correlation between observable damage and functional capacity.

• Debilidad muscular adquirida: Hospitalization and mechanical ventilation are directly linked to the increase in cases.

• Síndrome del túnel cubital: The provided information is incomplete, thus not possible to infer the correct information.

• Neuropatía de las extremidades superiores: Symptoms includes difficulty with activities of daily living, occasional clumsiness, and a tendency to drop things.

• Enfermedad de Addison: This is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, and weight gain is not typically a symptom.

• Síndrome de Cushing: There is usually weight gain in the face ("moon face") and upper back (buffalo hump)

• Patología tiroidea: Some symptoms may include swelling in the neck, difficulty swallowing, and changes in heart rate.

• Diabetes mellitus: Type 2 diabetes may present in patients with normal weight rather than only those who are overweight. Insulin is not always the prescribed treatment. Hb A1c (glycosylated hemoglobin) aids in monitoring diabetes.