24 Questions
How long does it take for the zygote to complete its first cell division after fertilization?
30 hours
When does the blastocyst begin to implant itself in the uterine lining?
About 6 days after fertilization
At what stage of development do cells differentiate and arrange themselves to form major organ systems?
Embryonic stage (2 to 8 weeks)
How long does a pregnancy last from conception to birth?
40 weeks
Where does fertilization of the egg take place?
Oviduct or fallopian tube
How many days after fertilization is the developing embryo a ball of about 100 cells?
3 or 4 days
When is implantation complete after fertilization?
14 days
At what stage of development does the fetus grow, and internal and external body structures continue to develop?
Fetal stage (9 weeks until birth)
How long does it take for the developing embryo, now called a blastocyst, to begin implanting itself in the uterine lining after fertilization?
About 6 days
At what stage of development is the embryo about 5 to 6 weeks old and less than 3 cm long?
Embryonic stage (2 to 8 weeks)
At what stage of development is the fetus about 20 weeks old and about 25 cm long?
Fetal stage (9 weeks until birth)
When does ovulation release an egg from the ovary?
During the zygote stage
During which trimesters of pregnancy do energy needs increase by 340-452 kcals per day?
2nd and 3rd trimesters
What percentage of the population does gestational diabetes affect?
6-9%
What is the recommended increase in protein intake during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy?
25g above the RDA
How much should carbohydrate intake increase during pregnancy?
45g/day
What physiological changes during pregnancy can cause discomforts such as edema, morning sickness, heartburn, and constipation?
Increased blood volume
Why do water intake needs increase during pregnancy?
Due to higher blood volume
Why do most women not need additional calcium supplements during pregnancy?
Increased dietary calcium intake
What is crucial to prevent neural tube defects during pregnancy?
Folic acid intake
Which nutrient has an increased RDA during pregnancy to support fetal development and prevent malformations or deficiencies?
Vitamin B12
What is a risk factor for postpartum weight retention and obesity in both mother and offspring?
Excess weight gain during pregnancy
What is the developing offspring known as in the uterus until the 9th week?
Embryo
What happens to the zygote as it travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus?
It implants into the uterine lining
Study Notes
Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy
- Zygote divides and becomes a blastocyst as it travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it implants into the uterine lining
- The developing offspring is known as an embryo in the uterus until the 9th week, and then as a fetus until birth
- Maternal blood volume increases by 50%, and heart, lungs, and kidneys work harder to accommodate the growing fetus
- Excess weight during pregnancy is a risk factor for postpartum weight retention and obesity in both mother and offspring
- Gestational diabetes affects 3-9% of the population, leading to increased risks for both the mother and the baby
- Physiological changes during pregnancy can cause discomforts such as edema, morning sickness, heartburn, and constipation
- Energy needs during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters increase by 340-452 kcals per day, and protein intake should be 25g above the RDA during these trimesters
- Carbohydrate intake during pregnancy should increase by 45g to 175g/day, while total fat intake does not need to increase significantly
- Water intake needs to increase due to the higher blood volume, production of amniotic fluid, and fetal needs
- Calcium needs increase during pregnancy, but most women do not need additional supplements due to increased absorption
- Folic acid intake is crucial to prevent neural tube defects, and since fortification, the incidence of these defects has significantly decreased
- Increased RDA for zinc, iron, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 during pregnancy to support fetal development and prevent malformations or deficiencies
Test your knowledge of the nutritional needs during pregnancy with this informative quiz. Explore the essential nutrients, energy requirements, and dietary considerations for supporting maternal and fetal health during this critical period.
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