Pregnancy Diagnosis

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Which of the following signs can be used to diagnose pregnancy in cows at 105 days?

Placentomes (correct)

Contralateral

Amniotic vesicle

Membrane slip

What is the earliest method of pregnancy diagnosis in ewes?

Failure to be raddled (correct)

Detection of fluid filled uterine horn

Transabdominal ballottement of foetus

Transabdominal ultrasound

Which method is commonly used to detect pregnancy in sows?

Vaginal biopsy

Elevated plasma progesterone (correct)

Transrectal uterine artery fremitus

Transabdominal ultrasound

What is the main method of pregnancy diagnosis in mares?

Transrectal ultrasound (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT used for pregnancy diagnosis in bitches?

Lack of return to oestrus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest method of pregnancy diagnosis in queens?

Plasma relaxin (C) Signup and view all the answers

In cows, at what stage of pregnancy can transabdominal ultrasound be used for pregnancy diagnosis?

60 days (D) Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of pregnancy can foetal pulse be detected using doppler ultrasound in mares?

Day 80 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of pregnancy diagnosis in ewes from day 30 onwards?

Transabdominal ultrasound (C) Signup and view all the answers

In sows, at what stage of pregnancy can plasma oestrone sulphate be detected?

Day 25 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a species-specific pregnancy specific factor mentioned in the text?

Species-specific gonadotrophin secretion (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method for detecting the foetus or foetal membranes mentioned in the text?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the mare, what happens to progesterone levels if she is not pregnant?

They fall (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone produced by the primary CL in the mare if she is pregnant?

ECG (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a change in the dam secondary to endocrinological changes?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key sign of pregnancy in all domestic species except the bitch?

Absence of oestrus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the significant increase in progesterone concentrations during pregnancy in the mare?

ECG (B) Signup and view all the answers

What takes over the production of progesterone after around 150 days of pregnancy in the mare?

Placenta (A) Signup and view all the answers

During the second half of pregnancy, what hormone shows low levels compared to earlier in pregnancy?

Progesterone (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone can be measured to determine pregnancy at around 20 days in the mare?

Progesterone (C) Signup and view all the answers

At which stage of pregnancy can increased levels of ECG be measured?

60 - 70 days (A) Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is used to relax the perineal tissues prior to parturition?

Relaxin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What technique can be used to feel the swellings in the uterus of a pregnant mare at day 28?

Rectal palpation (B) Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of pregnancy can an embryo and a heartbeat be identified using ultrasound in the cow?

Day 28 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to count fetal number and measure head diameter to determine a dystocia case?

Radiography (A) Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of pregnancy does mineralization of the skeleton occur, allowing confirmation of pregnancy compared to a pyometra in the bitch?

Day 45 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs of pregnancy at rectal palpation in a cow at 105 days?

Membrane slip, Amniotic vesicle, Foetus, Placentomes, Contralateral Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest method of pregnancy diagnosis in a mare?

Transrectal ultrasound from day 12 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of pregnancy diagnosis in a sow?

Elevated plasma oestrone sulphate – from day 25 Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT used for pregnancy diagnosis in a bitch?

Elevated plasma progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs of pregnancy in a cow at 30 days?

Membrane slip, Amniotic vesicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hormone responsible for the increase in progesterone concentrations in the mare?

ECG Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of pregnancy diagnosis in bitches?

Relaxin measurement Signup and view all the answers

What technique can be used to detect the yolk sac filled conceptus in early pregnancy?

Ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of pregnancy does the placenta take over the production of progesterone in the mare?

Around 150 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest method of pregnancy diagnosis in queens?

Ultrasound at day 18 Signup and view all the answers

What are the general principles of pregnancy diagnosis?

Absence of oestrus; Detection of protein/endocrinological changes associated with pregnancy; Detection of the foetus or foetal membranes; Detection of physical changes in the dam; Detection of maternal changes secondary to endocrinological changes Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors that may complicate the absence of oestrus as a key sign of pregnancy?

Return to oestrus may not occur in some situations (e.g. dioestrus ovulation); Dam may suppress oestrous signs if she has young offspring and is protective of them; Signs of oestrus may occur during pregnancy (rare in early pregnancy but more common in later pregnancy) Signup and view all the answers

What are some methods for detecting the foetus or foetal membranes mentioned in the text?

Rectal palpation; Abdominal palpation; Ultrasound examination; Radiographic examination Signup and view all the answers

What are some physical changes in the dam associated with accommodating a foetus?

Increased size of the uterus or uterine artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone produced by the primary corpus luteum (CL) in the mare if she is pregnant?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

Pregnancy Diagnosis

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following signs can be used to diagnose pregnancy in cows at 105 days?

What is the earliest method of pregnancy diagnosis in ewes?

Which method is commonly used to detect pregnancy in sows?

What is the main method of pregnancy diagnosis in mares?

Which method is NOT used for pregnancy diagnosis in bitches?

What is the earliest method of pregnancy diagnosis in queens?

In cows, at what stage of pregnancy can transabdominal ultrasound be used for pregnancy diagnosis?

At what stage of pregnancy can foetal pulse be detected using doppler ultrasound in mares?

What is the main method of pregnancy diagnosis in ewes from day 30 onwards?

In sows, at what stage of pregnancy can plasma oestrone sulphate be detected?

Which of the following is a species-specific pregnancy specific factor mentioned in the text?

Which of the following is a method for detecting the foetus or foetal membranes mentioned in the text?

In the mare, what happens to progesterone levels if she is not pregnant?

What is the hormone produced by the primary CL in the mare if she is pregnant?

Which of the following is a change in the dam secondary to endocrinological changes?

What is the key sign of pregnancy in all domestic species except the bitch?

Which hormone is responsible for the significant increase in progesterone concentrations during pregnancy in the mare?

What takes over the production of progesterone after around 150 days of pregnancy in the mare?

During the second half of pregnancy, what hormone shows low levels compared to earlier in pregnancy?

Which hormone can be measured to determine pregnancy at around 20 days in the mare?

At which stage of pregnancy can increased levels of ECG be measured?

What hormone is used to relax the perineal tissues prior to parturition?

What technique can be used to feel the swellings in the uterus of a pregnant mare at day 28?

At what stage of pregnancy can an embryo and a heartbeat be identified using ultrasound in the cow?

What can be used to count fetal number and measure head diameter to determine a dystocia case?

At what stage of pregnancy does mineralization of the skeleton occur, allowing confirmation of pregnancy compared to a pyometra in the bitch?

What are the signs of pregnancy at rectal palpation in a cow at 105 days?

What is the earliest method of pregnancy diagnosis in a mare?

What is the main method of pregnancy diagnosis in a sow?

What is NOT used for pregnancy diagnosis in a bitch?

What are the signs of pregnancy in a cow at 30 days?

What is the primary hormone responsible for the increase in progesterone concentrations in the mare?

What is the main method of pregnancy diagnosis in bitches?

What technique can be used to detect the yolk sac filled conceptus in early pregnancy?

At what stage of pregnancy does the placenta take over the production of progesterone in the mare?

What is the earliest method of pregnancy diagnosis in queens?

What are the general principles of pregnancy diagnosis?

What are some factors that may complicate the absence of oestrus as a key sign of pregnancy?

What are some methods for detecting the foetus or foetal membranes mentioned in the text?

What are some physical changes in the dam associated with accommodating a foetus?

What is the hormone produced by the primary corpus luteum (CL) in the mare if she is pregnant?

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