Pregnancy Diagnosis
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following signs can be used to diagnose pregnancy in cows at 105 days?

  • Placentomes (correct)
  • Contralateral
  • Amniotic vesicle
  • Membrane slip

    • What is the earliest method of pregnancy diagnosis in ewes?

  • Failure to be raddled (correct)
  • Detection of fluid filled uterine horn
  • Transabdominal ballottement of foetus
  • Transabdominal ultrasound

    • Which method is commonly used to detect pregnancy in sows?

  • Vaginal biopsy
  • Elevated plasma progesterone (correct)
  • Transrectal uterine artery fremitus
  • Transabdominal ultrasound

    • What is the main method of pregnancy diagnosis in mares?

    <p>Transrectal ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT used for pregnancy diagnosis in bitches?

    <p>Lack of return to oestrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the earliest method of pregnancy diagnosis in queens?

    <p>Plasma relaxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cows, at what stage of pregnancy can transabdominal ultrasound be used for pregnancy diagnosis?

    <p>60 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of pregnancy can foetal pulse be detected using doppler ultrasound in mares?

    <p>Day 80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main method of pregnancy diagnosis in ewes from day 30 onwards?

    <p>Transabdominal ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In sows, at what stage of pregnancy can plasma oestrone sulphate be detected?

    <p>Day 25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a species-specific pregnancy specific factor mentioned in the text?

    <p>Species-specific gonadotrophin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method for detecting the foetus or foetal membranes mentioned in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the mare, what happens to progesterone levels if she is not pregnant?

    <p>They fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone produced by the primary CL in the mare if she is pregnant?

    <p>ECG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a change in the dam secondary to endocrinological changes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key sign of pregnancy in all domestic species except the bitch?

    <p>Absence of oestrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for the significant increase in progesterone concentrations during pregnancy in the mare?

    <p>ECG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What takes over the production of progesterone after around 150 days of pregnancy in the mare?

    <p>Placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the second half of pregnancy, what hormone shows low levels compared to earlier in pregnancy?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone can be measured to determine pregnancy at around 20 days in the mare?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage of pregnancy can increased levels of ECG be measured?

    <p>60 - 70 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is used to relax the perineal tissues prior to parturition?

    <p>Relaxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique can be used to feel the swellings in the uterus of a pregnant mare at day 28?

    <p>Rectal palpation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of pregnancy can an embryo and a heartbeat be identified using ultrasound in the cow?

    <p>Day 28</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used to count fetal number and measure head diameter to determine a dystocia case?

    <p>Radiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of pregnancy does mineralization of the skeleton occur, allowing confirmation of pregnancy compared to a pyometra in the bitch?

    <p>Day 45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs of pregnancy at rectal palpation in a cow at 105 days?

    <p>Membrane slip, Amniotic vesicle, Foetus, Placentomes, Contralateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the earliest method of pregnancy diagnosis in a mare?

    <p>Transrectal ultrasound from day 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main method of pregnancy diagnosis in a sow?

    <p>Elevated plasma oestrone sulphate – from day 25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT used for pregnancy diagnosis in a bitch?

    <p>Elevated plasma progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs of pregnancy in a cow at 30 days?

    <p>Membrane slip, Amniotic vesicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone responsible for the increase in progesterone concentrations in the mare?

    <p>ECG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main method of pregnancy diagnosis in bitches?

    <p>Relaxin measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique can be used to detect the yolk sac filled conceptus in early pregnancy?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of pregnancy does the placenta take over the production of progesterone in the mare?

    <p>Around 150 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the earliest method of pregnancy diagnosis in queens?

    <p>Ultrasound at day 18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the general principles of pregnancy diagnosis?

    <p>Absence of oestrus; Detection of protein/endocrinological changes associated with pregnancy; Detection of the foetus or foetal membranes; Detection of physical changes in the dam; Detection of maternal changes secondary to endocrinological changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that may complicate the absence of oestrus as a key sign of pregnancy?

    <p>Return to oestrus may not occur in some situations (e.g. dioestrus ovulation); Dam may suppress oestrous signs if she has young offspring and is protective of them; Signs of oestrus may occur during pregnancy (rare in early pregnancy but more common in later pregnancy)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some methods for detecting the foetus or foetal membranes mentioned in the text?

    <p>Rectal palpation; Abdominal palpation; Ultrasound examination; Radiographic examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some physical changes in the dam associated with accommodating a foetus?

    <p>Increased size of the uterus or uterine artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone produced by the primary corpus luteum (CL) in the mare if she is pregnant?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

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