Preferred Stock Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of preferred stock that differentiates it from common stock?

  • Preferred stock is more volatile than common stock.
  • Preferred stock can fluctuate in dividend payments.
  • Preferred stock typically offers fixed dividend payments. (correct)
  • Preferred stock does not represent ownership in the company.
  • What is the assumed par value for preferred stock in test questions?

  • $50
  • $25
  • $10
  • $100 (correct)
  • How often do preferred stock dividends typically get paid?

  • Semi-annually
  • Annually
  • Monthly
  • Quarterly (correct)
  • What determines the amount of dividends paid to investors in preferred stock?

    <p>Par value of the stock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to dividends if the Board of Directors does not approve the payment for preferred stock?

    <p>They are not paid at all. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of par value in preferred stock?

    <p>It determines the fixed dividend rate paid to investors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a company issues a preferred stock with a par value of $100 and a 5% dividend rate, how much will investors receive annually?

    <p>$5.00 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding preferred stock?

    <p>Preferred stock always guarantees fixed dividend payments based on par value. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the yield of preferred stock when its market price increases?

    <p>The yield decreases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do rising interest rates have on the market prices of fixed income securities?

    <p>Market prices decline. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about preferred stock dividends is true?

    <p>Dividends must be approved by the Board of Directors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Preferred stock typically has a par value of which amount?

    <p>$25, $50, or $100 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the relationship between yield and market price in preferred stocks?

    <p>They are inversely related. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are market price and interest rates related concerning preferred stock?

    <p>Falling interest rates cause market prices to rise. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant factor that influences the market prices of preferred stocks?

    <p>Interest rate fluctuations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically happens to inflation when interest rates are low for an extended period?

    <p>Inflation is likely to rise. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of hyperinflation?

    <p>A rapid decrease in cash value. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the Federal Reserve typically take when inflation rates are high?

    <p>Raise interest rates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation would a 5% preferred stock become less valuable?

    <p>When interest rates rise to 7%. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the market price of preferred stock typically respond when interest rates rise?

    <p>The market price declines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely yield of a preferred stock selling for $70 that has a $5 annual income?

    <p>7.14%. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between preferred stock and bonds?

    <p>Preferred stock dividends are subject to board approval. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically happens to the value of a preferred stock when interest rates fall?

    <p>The value increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an investor lowers the price of their 5% preferred stock to sell it, what happens to its yield?

    <p>It increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might investors prefer bonds over preferred stock when interest rates rise above the preferred stock dividend rate?

    <p>Bonds are less risky. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Zimbabwe's inflation rate in 2008 that exemplified hyperinflation?

    <p>231,150,888%. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must preferred stock dividend rates do to remain attractive to investors?

    <p>Be higher than bond interest rates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about preferred stock dividends?

    <p>They are legally obligatory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for investors to pay attention to interest rate fluctuations?

    <p>They impact the market value of their investments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the fixed dividend rate of preferred stock depend on?

    <p>The par value of the stock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about current yield is true?

    <p>Current yield fluctuates depending on the market price. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a preferred stock is trading at a premium, what is true about its yield?

    <p>Yield is less than the dividend rate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a scenario where an investor pays $80 for a preferred stock with a $100 par value and a 5% dividend rate, what is their current yield?

    <p>6.25% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily influences the market price of preferred stock?

    <p>Changes in interest rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the market price of a preferred stock rises above its par value, what happens to the yield?

    <p>The yield decreases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a preferred stock trades at par, what is the relationship between the yield and the dividend rate?

    <p>Yield is equal to dividend rate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of preferred stock concerning dividend payments?

    <p>Dividends remain fixed after issuance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of yield, what does it mean if preferred stock is selling at a discount?

    <p>The yield is greater than the dividend rate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an investor need to calculate the current yield of a preferred stock?

    <p>The market price paid for the stock and annual income. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are preferred stocks particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates?

    <p>They have a fixed dividend rate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of low-interest rates on the economy?

    <p>Increased consumer borrowing and spending. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation would a company's preferred stock likely trade at a premium?

    <p>When the company is highly profitable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to preferred stocks' payment if the issuer does not generate enough profit?

    <p>The stock may decrease in value. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Preferred Stock

    An equity security that acts like a fixed-income security, paying fixed dividends.

    Dividend payments (Preferred Stock)

    Regular payments made to preferred stock investors, typically quarterly.

    Par Value (Preferred Stock)

    The face value of a preferred stock share, used to calculate dividends.

    Dividend Rate (Preferred Stock)

    The percentage of the par value paid as dividends.

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    Dividend payment frequency (Preferred stock)

    Typically quarterly, sometimes annual or semi-annual.

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    Par value example

    A $100 par value preferred stock earning 5% pays $5 per year in dividends and thus $1.25 per share per quarter (5% of 100/4).

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    Preferred Stock vs. Common Stock Dividends

    Preferred stock dividends are fixed, while common stock dividends can fluctuate.

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    Preferred Stock vs. Fixed-Income Securities

    Preferred stock is an equity with dividend income, while fixed-income securities, like bonds, typically pay interest to their investors.

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    Preferred Stock Par Value

    The fixed face value of a preferred stock, used to calculate dividends, but not the market price.

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    Preferred Stock Dividend Rate

    A fixed percentage of the par value paid as dividends, regardless of market price.

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    Preferred Stock Market Price

    The price at which a preferred stock trades in the secondary market, influenced by demand and issuer profitability.

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    Preferred Stock Yield

    The rate of return on a preferred stock, calculated by dividing the annual dividend by the market price.

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    Current Yield

    The preferred stock's yield based on its current market price.

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    Discount (Preferred Stock)

    When a preferred stock trades below its par value.

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    Premium (Preferred Stock)

    When a preferred stock trades above its par value.

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    Yield vs. Dividend Rate

    Yield considers the market price, while the dividend rate is fixed based on par value.

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    Interest Rates

    The cost of borrowing money, influencing businesses’ profitability, and thus preferred stock prices.

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    Market Price Fluctuations

    Changes in the price of preferred stock due to factors like demand and interest rates.

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    Dividend Yield

    Another name for the current yield relating to preferred stocks.

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    Negotiable Security

    A security, such as a preferred stock, that can be bought and sold in the market.

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    Par

    A preferred stock trading at its face value.

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    Relationship Between Yield and Price

    Yield inversely correlates to the market price. The lower the price, the higher the yield.

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    Issuer Profitability

    The profitability of the company issuing the preferred stock, a factor determining the market price of the preferred stocks.

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    Capital Gain

    Profit made when selling an investment for a higher price than its original cost.

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    Interest Rate Impact on Preferred Stock

    Higher interest rates generally result in lower preferred stock prices, and vice versa.

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    Par Value of Preferred Stock

    The face value of a preferred stock share, typically $100, used to calculate dividends.

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    Dividend Rate of Preferred Stock

    The percentage of the par value paid as dividends, which is fixed and never changes.

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    Preferred Stock Premium

    When the market price of a preferred stock is higher than its par value.

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    Preferred Stock Discount

    When the market price of a preferred stock is lower than its par value.

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    Inflation and Interest Rates

    When interest rates are low for a long time, inflation can rise as people borrow more money and spend it, increasing demand and pushing up prices.

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    Hyperinflation

    An extremely high and uncontrolled rate of inflation, often exceeding 50% per month.

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    Moderate Inflation

    A gradual increase in prices, typically between 2% and 3% per year, considered normal and healthy for a growing economy.

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    Federal Reserve (The Fed)

    The central bank of the United States, responsible for controlling interest rates and managing the money supply.

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    Tightening Monetary Policy

    The Federal Reserve's actions to increase interest rates, typically when inflation is high, to slow economic growth and reduce inflation.

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    Loosening Monetary Policy

    The Federal Reserve's actions to decrease interest rates, typically when the economy is weakening or inflation is low, to stimulate economic activity.

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    Preferred Stock and Interest Rates

    The market price of preferred stock is heavily influenced by changes in interest rates, as investors consider the opportunity cost of investing in preferred stock versus other fixed-income securities.

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    Bond Interest Rates and Preferred Stock Dividends

    Preferred stock dividends are usually set close to bond interest rates to attract investors. If bond rates rise, preferred stock dividends must be adjusted upwards to stay competitive.

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    Preferred Stock vs. Bonds (Risk)

    Preferred stock is generally considered riskier than bonds because dividends are not legally obligated, whereas bond interest payments are.

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    Interest Rate Rise and Preferred Stock Value

    When interest rates rise, the value of existing preferred stock with a fixed dividend rate decreases because investors can now buy newer securities with higher returns.

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    Current Yield (CY)

    A measure of the annual income from an investment divided by its current market price, expressed as a percentage.

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    Lowering Preferred Stock Price to Increase Yield

    To sell a preferred stock paying a lower dividend rate in a market with higher interest rates, the seller might lower the price to increase the yield for potential buyers.

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    Interest Rate Fall and Preferred Stock Value

    When interest rates fall, the value of existing preferred stock with a fixed dividend rate increases because it offers a higher return than new securities being issued with lower rates.

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    Preferred Stock Market Value Fluctuation

    The market price of preferred stock is volatile and can fluctuate significantly due to changes in interest rates, even after issuance.

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    Preferred Stock Investment Timing

    A key consideration for investors is the timing of their preferred stock purchases, as buying when interest rates are high can result in losses if rates continue to rise.

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    Study Notes

    Preferred Stock Fundamentals

    • Preferred stock is an equity security acting like a fixed-income security, characterized by fixed dividend payments. Common stock dividends fluctuate, while preferred stock dividends remain consistent. All companies offering preferred stock pay cash dividends.
    • Dividend payments are typically made quarterly, although annual or semi-annual options exist. The Board of Directors (BOD) approves these payments.

    Par Value

    • Par value (or face value) is crucial for fixed-income securities. It's the initial price of the preferred stock.
    • Par value is typically $100, but can vary by issuer.
    • Par value determines the dividend paid.
    • The dividend rate, sometimes referred to as the "coupon," is a fixed percentage of the par value. E.g., a 5% dividend rate on 100parvaluepays100 par value pays 100parvaluepays5 annual dividends.
    • Dividends are paid quarterly.
    • Preferred stock is usually issued at par in the primary market, then trades in the secondary market with prices influenced by demand. The par value and dividend rate stay the same regardless of secondary market price.
    • The issuer's profitability impacts the secondary market price. Lower profitability means lower dividend payments, thus a lower value.

    Yield

    • Yield represents the return on a preferred stock. It is based on both, dividend rate and price paid in the secondary market.

    • The dividend rate is always based on the par value, while the yield is based on the market price. This means yield fluctuates, while dividend rate remains constant.

    • Formula: (Current Yield = \frac{Annual Income}{Market Price})

    • A lower price in the secondary market results in a higher yield. A higher price leads to a lower yield.

    • If the stock trades at a discount (market price is below par), the yield is greater than the dividend rate.

    • If the stock trades at a premium (market price above par), the yield is smaller than the dividend rate.

    • The current yield is the primary method investors measure return.

    Market and Interest Rates

    • Preferred stock market prices are greatly affected by interest rates. Higher interest rates decrease the value of existing preferred stock. Conversely, falling interest rates increase the value of existing preferred stock.
    • Investors compare preferred stocks to bonds with similar qualities. If bonds pay a better interest rate, preferred stock becomes less attractive.
    • A preferred stock's dividend rate must be competitive relative to current interest rates for investors to consider it. Dividends from preferred stock are not guaranteed obligations.
    • New issuance of preferred stock is influenced by current interest rates, with dividend rates often mirroring them. If interest rates rise, the existing preferred stock becomes relatively less attractive than newly issued bonds or preferred stock.
    • If interest rates fall, the existing preferred stock becomes relatively more attractive than newly issued bonds or preferred stock.

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    Description

    Explore the basics of preferred stock, including its unique characteristics and how dividend payments work. Understand the important concept of par value and its impact on dividends. This quiz will ensure you grasp the fundamental aspects of preferred equity securities.

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