Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a risk factor for preeclampsia?
What is a risk factor for preeclampsia?
- Previous cesarean section
- Family history of gestational diabetes
- Nulliparity (correct)
- Multiparity
What is the hallmark of eclampsia, a severe complication of preeclampsia?
What is the hallmark of eclampsia, a severe complication of preeclampsia?
- Proteinuria
- Hypertension
- Multi-organ dysfunction
- Seizures (correct)
What is the primary purpose of giving corticosteroids in the management of preeclampsia?
What is the primary purpose of giving corticosteroids in the management of preeclampsia?
- To promote fetal lung maturity (correct)
- To prevent seizures
- To reduce proteinuria
- To lower blood pressure
What is the definition of proteinuria in preeclampsia?
What is the definition of proteinuria in preeclampsia?
What is the blood pressure threshold for diagnosing hypertension in preeclampsia?
What is the blood pressure threshold for diagnosing hypertension in preeclampsia?
What is the primary characteristic of mild preeclampsia?
What is the primary characteristic of mild preeclampsia?
What is the primary mechanism of endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia?
What is the primary mechanism of endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia?
Which of the following is a complication of severe preeclampsia in the mother?
Which of the following is a complication of severe preeclampsia in the mother?
What is the indications for delivery in preeclampsia?
What is the indications for delivery in preeclampsia?
What is a long-term risk for the mother after preeclampsia?
What is a long-term risk for the mother after preeclampsia?
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Study Notes
Preeclampsia
Definition
- A pregnancy-specific syndrome characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver, kidneys, and brain.
Pathophysiology
- Abnormal placentation and impaired trophoblastic invasion of maternal spiral arteries
- Endothelial dysfunction and vasospasm
- Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- Increased sensitivity to pressor agents
Clinical Features
- Hypertension: BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg after 20 weeks of gestation
- Proteinuria: ≥ 300 mg/24 hours or protein:creatinine ratio ≥ 0.3
- Multi-organ dysfunction: headache, vision changes, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
- Seizures: a hallmark of eclampsia, a severe complication of preeclampsia
Classification
- Mild preeclampsia: BP < 160/110 mmHg, no severe features
- Severe preeclampsia: BP ≥ 160/110 mmHg, or presence of severe features (e.g., vision changes, abdominal pain)
- HELLP syndrome: hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets
Risk Factors
- Nulliparity
- Family history
- Chronic hypertension
- Diabetes
- Renal disease
- Multiple gestation
Diagnosis
- Blood pressure monitoring
- Urine protein:creatinine ratio
- Complete blood count
- Liver function tests
- Urine output monitoring
Management
- Bed rest
- Antihypertensive therapy
- Corticosteroids (for fetal lung maturity)
- Magnesium sulfate (for seizure prophylaxis)
- Delivery: timing and route depend on gestational age and maternal-fetal condition
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