Precolonial and Colonial Filipino Science
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Questions and Answers

Who among the following was NOT mentioned as a key figure in the history of science and technology in the Philippines?

  • Francisco Liongson
  • José Rizal
  • Antonio Luna
  • Alfred Nobel (correct)

    • The term 'Agham' refers to the knowledge of nature and is rooted in Spanish language.

    False

    What did Filipino scholars like Casto de Elera and Sebastián Vidal contribute to?

    Biodiversity studies

    The Jesuits contributed to advancements in __________ and meteorology in the Philippines.

    <p>science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following figures with their contributions:

    <p>José Rizal = Studied medicine and pharmacy Antonio Luna = Contributed to public health research Francisco Liongson = Improved medical knowledge Casto de Elera = Zoology studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant effect of science on Filipino intellectuals during the Spanish colonization?

    <p>It inspired a sense of national identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spanish friars were the first to document Filipino science, primarily focusing on religious practices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Post Normal Science (PNS)?

    <p>It involves a participatory process with stakeholders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PNS is not applicable to managing environmental uncertainties.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one real-world application of PNS mentioned in the content.

    <p>Sustainability or Urban Development or Galaxy Zoo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PNS is necessary because it addresses issues where traditional scientific methods do not suffice, focusing on ______.

    <p>uncertainty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following projects with their goals:

    <p>Galaxy Zoo = Classify galaxies from telescope images Sustainability = Support sustainable development Environmental Assessment Agency = Manage environmental uncertainties PNS = Involve stakeholders in science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the Sociedad de los Amigos del País established in 1771?

    <p>Agriculture, industry, and public health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fr. Faura’s Barometer was the first tool for praying for fair weather.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the ilustrados play in the context of science and governance?

    <p>They advocated for reforms and believed in science as a tool for progress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Good governance ensures a just society that meets citizens' needs through __________ processes.

    <p>transparent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the governance principles to their descriptions:

    <p>Social Justice = Ensures equal access to opportunities Accountability = Leaders answer to citizens Citizen Empowerment = Encourages active citizen participation Efficiency = Delivers services effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technological advancement helps improve public service delivery?

    <p>Information and Communication Technology (ICT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The founding of the Observatorio de Manila occurred in 1879.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Barometer developed by Fr. Faura?

    <p>It was the first typhoon forecasting tool used in Asia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ were a group of educated Filipinos who studied in Europe.

    <p>ilustrados</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized in the approach of PNS towards environmental management?

    <p>Public engagement and considering diverse perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PNS stands for Political and Social structures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does PNS contribute to fishery management?

    <p>It integrates science and technology to guide sustainable policies for marine ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Incorporating technology into environmental management leads to __________ governance.

    <p>sustainable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of PNS with their descriptions:

    <p>Sustainable fishery policies = Long-term health of marine ecosystems Public engagement = Consideration of diverse perspectives in decision-making Technology in governance = Improves public service efficiency Environmental management = Addresses uncertain issues with competing interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is referred to as a case study in the application of PNS?

    <p>The Netherlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Science and technology have no impact on administrative processes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do institutions play according to PNS?

    <p>Institutions influence how scientific problems and solutions are perceived and addressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PNS encourages __________ engagement when there is uncertainty about environmental impacts.

    <p>public</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main elements of PNS?

    <p>Uncertainty Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant goal of PNS in the context of governance?

    <p>To enhance resource management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PNS promotes a single universally accepted solution to problems.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ANR stand for in the context of environmental management?

    <p>Assisted Natural Regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PNS was developed by __________ and __________.

    <p>Silvio Funtowicz, Jerome Ravetz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following environmental management approaches with their descriptions:

    <p>ANR = Restores forests by natural processes Waste Management = Promotes recycling and minimizes waste E-government platforms = Reduces corruption and improves service access Uncertainty Management = Acknowledges evolving scientific issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology-based approach is mentioned as a solution for reducing environmental impacts?

    <p>Waste Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The unsustainable use of resources can lead to environmental degradation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complex issues does innovation in technology help address?

    <p>Environmental management, public health, climate change, pandemics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PNS encourages the inclusion of __________ views and stakeholders.

    <p>diverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Environmental degradation = Deterioration of the environment due to unsustainable practices Multiplicity of Perspectives = Inclusion of different viewpoints in decision-making E-government = Platforms that enhance governance and reduce corruption Resources = Essential materials provided by the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Precolonial Filipino Science ("Agham")

    • "Agham" meant knowledge of nature, rooted in religious and spiritual beliefs, influenced by Sanskrit agama (approaching truth).
    • Applied in everyday life, using technology for practical purposes like metallurgy and astronomy.

    Spanish Colonization and Scientific Development

    • Spanish friars documented Filipino science, focusing on natural history (plants, animals).
    • Early scientific works included "Herbarum Philipinarum" and "Flora de Filipinas."
    • Patronato Real promoted Catholicism, education, and science.

    Scientific Contributions of the Jesuits

    • Jesuits contributed to meteorology and astronomy, founding Observatorio de Manila (1865).
    • Fr. Faura's Barometer (1879): First typhoon forecasting tool in Asia.

    The Sociedad de los Amigos del País

    • Established in 1771 to promote economic development in Spanish colonies.
    • Supported the rise of modern science in public health, navigation, and industry.

    Illustrados and Their Role in Science

    • Illustrados (educated Filipinos, often mestizos) studied in Europe and advocated for reforms.
    • Believed in science as a tool for progress.
    • Key figures included José Rizal, Antonio Luna, Francisco Liongson, and Francisco Vivencio del Rosario.
    • Rizal and others studied medicine and pharmacy, researching biology and medical microbiology.
    • They saw science as essential for political and social change, criticizing the colonial system.

    Advancements in Science in the 19th Century

    • Filipino scholars (like Casto de Elera and Sebastián Vidal) contributed to biodiversity and supported Darwin's theory of evolution.
    • Public health advancements with Luna and Liongson's work.

    Science and National Identity

    • Filipino intellectuals developed a sense of national identity through science, linking it to global knowledge.
    • Scientific knowledge intertwined with the desire for independence.

    Good Governance

    • Good governance is essential for a just society, focusing on:
      • Social justice: fairness and equal access to resources.
      • Accountability: transparency and responsibility.
      • Citizen empowerment: participation in decision-making.
      • Efficiency: effective service delivery and sustainable development.

    Science and Technology in Governance

    • ICT (Information and Communication Technology) improves public service delivery, citizen-friendliness, and accountability.
    • E-governance platforms reduce corruption and streamline services.

    Environmental Management and S&T

    • Environment provides essential resources and absorbs waste.
    • Unsustainable resource use leads to environmental degradation.
    • Solutions include:
      • Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) to restore forests.
      • Waste Management to minimize and recycle waste
      • Fishery Management for sustainable policies, ensuring long-term health of marine ecosystems.

    Post Normal Science (PNS)

    • PNS acknowledges uncertainty, conflicting values, and high-stakes situations (e.g., environmental management, public health).
    • Recognizes multiple perspectives and stakeholders in decision-making.
    • PNS includes uncertainty management, multiplicity of perspectives, and social and intellectual structures.

    Application of PNS

    • PNS helps achieve sustainable development by recognizing interdependence of science, social issues, and ethics.
    • In urban development, it involves community engagement and long-term impact consideration.

    Citizen Science

    • Citizen science involves ordinary people contributing to scientific studies.
    • Citizen science engages the public in data collection, analysis, and sharing, leading to more diverse input.
    • Includes examples like classifying galaxies (Galaxy Zoo) and studying whale sharks (Wildbook for Whale Sharks)
    • Ethical concerns include misconduct, ethics, and data quality.

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    STS Finals PDF - Science and Technology in the Philippines

    Description

    Explore the evolution of science in the Philippines from precolonial knowledge systems to the scientific advancements during Spanish colonization. This quiz covers topics such as early scientific contributions, Jesuit efforts in astronomy, and key works documenting Filipino natural history.

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