25 Questions
What is the term for the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves in water?
Dissociation
How many ions are produced per formula unit of sodium chloride when it dissolves in water?
Two ions
When calcium chloride dissolves in water, how many total moles of ions are produced from 1 mole of calcium chloride?
3 moles
What does (aq) indicate in a chemical equation?
A species in an aqueous solution
Assuming 100% dissociation, what does a solution containing 1 mole of sodium chloride contain?
1 mole of Na+ ions and 1 mole of Cl− ions
Which term is used to represent the separation of ions from one another when an ionic compound dissolves in water?
Dissociation
Which type of equation includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution?
Net ionic equation
What process is different from dissociation and forms ions from solute molecules in a polar solvent?
Ionization
Which type of compounds can also form ions in solution, usually when they are polar?
Molecular compounds
What type of compounds can be considered insoluble for most practical purposes due to their very low solubility?
Ionic compounds
Which type of ions are found in solution both before and after the reaction and do not take part in a chemical reaction?
Spectator ions
What provides the energy needed to break the covalent bonds during the ionization of molecular solutes in solution?
Heat released as a result of ionization
Which type of equations represent reactions of ions in aqueous solution instead of formula equations?
(aq) equations
Which compound is soluble because it contains sodium, as mentioned in the text?
$Na2CO3$
Which equation applies not only to the reaction between $(NH4)2S$ and $Cd(NO3)2$ but also to any reaction where a precipitate of cadmium sulfide forms?
$(NH4)2S_{(aq)} + Cd(NO3)2_{(aq)} → CdS_{(s)} + 2NH4NO3_{(aq)}$
When an ionic compound dissolves, the ions separate from each other in a process called ionization.
False
Each formula unit of calcium chloride gives two ions in solution.
False
In a solution that contains 1 mole of calcium chloride, there are 2 moles of Cl− ions.
True
All soluble ionic compounds have less than 100% dissociation in water.
False
The dissociation of one formula unit of sodium chloride results in two moles of Cl− ions.
False
Net ionic equations include only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution.
True
Ions formed by a molecular solute when it ionizes in a polar solvent are not hydrated.
False
The precipitation of cadmium sulfide can be shown by an overall ionic equation.
True
Ionic compounds that dissolve in water undergo dissociation, where the ions present separate from one another.
True
All soluble ionic compounds are shown as dissociated ions in solution in net ionic equations.
True
Study Notes
Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
- The separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves in water is called dissociation.
- One formula unit of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves in water to produce two ions: Na+ and Cl-.
- When calcium chloride (CaCl2) dissolves in water, one formula unit produces three ions: Ca2+ and two Cl-.
Chemical Equations
- The symbol (aq) in a chemical equation indicates that the species is dissolved in water.
- Net ionic equations represent reactions of ions in aqueous solution and only include those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change.
Ionic Compounds in Solution
- Assuming 100% dissociation, a solution containing 1 mole of sodium chloride contains 1 mole of Na+ and 1 mole of Cl-.
- Ionic compounds that dissolve in water undergo dissociation, where the ions present separate from one another.
- Soluble ionic compounds are shown as dissociated ions in solution in net ionic equations.
Ionization and Solubility
- Ionization is the process of forming ions from solute molecules in a polar solvent, which is different from dissociation.
- Molecular solutes, such as sugar, can also form ions in solution, usually when they are polar.
- Insoluble compounds have very low solubility and can be considered insoluble for most practical purposes.
- The energy needed to break the covalent bonds during the ionization of molecular solutes in solution is provided by the polar solvent.
Ions and Precipitation
- Spectator ions are found in solution both before and after the reaction and do not take part in a chemical reaction.
- The precipitation of cadmium sulfide can be shown by an overall ionic equation.
Test your knowledge on precipitation reactions and net ionic equations. This quiz covers the solubility of ionic compounds in water and examples of soluble and insoluble compounds. See how well you understand the dissociation equations for compounds like sodium carbonate.
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