Precipitation Reaction Quiz: Equation & Spectator Ions

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a net ionic equation?

To eliminate the spectator ions and show only the actual chemical change (correct)

To determine the solubility of the reactants

To show all the reactants and products in a chemical reaction

To balance the chemical equation

What is the definition of a precipitate?

A soluble compound formed in a chemical reaction

A reactant in a chemical reaction

An insoluble compound formed in a chemical reaction (correct)

A catalyst used in a chemical reaction

What is the difference between precipitation and crystallization?

Precipitation is a type of crystallization

Precipitation forms small crystals, while crystallization forms large crystals (correct)

Precipitation forms large crystals, while crystallization forms small crystals

Precipitation is a slow process, while crystallization is a fast process

Which of the following statements is true about ionic compounds?

Some ionic compounds are soluble in water, while others are insoluble Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mixing a soluble Ag+(aq) solution with a soluble CrO42-(aq) solution?

An insoluble Ag2CrO4(s) precipitate forms Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the solid formed in a precipitation reaction?

It is composed of very small crystals Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ions in a precipitation reaction when they are spectator ions?

They remain in solution as solvated ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of writing a net ionic equation?

To show only the ions that participate in the reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is most likely to be insoluble in water?

SrF2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mixing two solutions that contain soluble compounds with no precipitate forming?

The compounds remain in solution as solvated ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the molecular equation in a precipitation reaction?

To show the reactants and products in the reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying the spectator ions in a precipitation reaction?

To identify the ions that do not participate in the reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ionic equation for the reaction described in the passage?

Zn2+ (aq) + 2Cl– (aq) → ZnCl2 (aq) Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction, how many moles of Cl- ions are produced from 1 mole of ZnCl2?

0.058 moles Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the preparation of molar solutions involves weighing the solid to the desired amount?

Step 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding deionized water below the calibration mark in a volumetric flask?

To accurately dissolve the solute Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of diluting a solution in chemistry?

To decrease the concentration to a lower molarity Signup and view all the answers

What intervention ensures the thorough mixing of a solute in a volumetric flask during solution preparation?

Flipping the flask repeatedly with the stopper on Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of nitric acid that allows it to release one mole of H+ per mole of acid?

It is a strong acid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the number of H+ ions in a solution of nitric acid?

To determine the number of moles of acid present. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of strong acids?

They dissociate completely into ions in aqueous solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an acid-base reaction, also known as a neutralization reaction?

Production of water. Signup and view all the answers

How many moles of H+ are released per mole of nitric acid in a solution?

One mole. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the dissociation of covalent compounds in water?

The properties of the water molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of reaction that occurs when an acid and a base react with each other?

Acid-base reaction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the interaction between H+ ions and water molecules in aqueous solution?

The formation of hydronium ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why nitric acid is considered a strong acid?

It completely dissociates in water. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a weak acid?

H3PO4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a base in terms of its behavior in water?

A substance that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water Signup and view all the answers

How many strong acids are discussed in this course?

6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a compound that contains the OH group in its formula?

It is always a base Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between an ionic oxide of group 1(A) and water?

The formation of a metal hydroxide and hydroxide ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a strong base?

It dissociates completely into ions in aqueous solution Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a weak base?

Ammonia, NH3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a weak acid or weak base in aqueous solution?

It dissociates partially into ions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a heavy group 2A(2) hydroxide?

Barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Net Ionic Equations

A net ionic equation eliminates spectator ions and shows only the actual chemical change
The electric charges on both sides of the equation must balance
Example: 2Ag+ (aq) + CrO42– (aq) → Ag2CrO4 (s)

Precipitation Reactions

A precipitation reaction occurs when two soluble ionic compounds react to form an insoluble product, called a precipitate
A precipitate is an insoluble compound, either ionic or covalent
Not all ionic compounds are soluble in water
The resulting solid crystals from a precipitation reaction are very small (microcrystals)
Example: 2Ag+ (aq) + CrO42– (aq) → Ag2CrO4 (s)

Molecular, Total Ionic, and Net Ionic Equations

Molecular equation: 2KF (aq) + Sr(NO3)2 (aq) → 2KNO3 (aq) + SrF2 (s)
Total ionic equation: 2K+ (aq) + 2F− (aq) + Sr2+ (aq) + 2NO3− (aq) → 2K+ (aq) + 2NO3− (aq) + SrF2 (s)
Net ionic equation: Sr2+ (aq) + 2F− (aq) → SrF2 (s)

Laboratory Preparation of Molar Solutions

Step 1: Weigh the solid to the desired amount on a weighing boat
Step 2: Transfer the solid quantitatively to a volumetric flask
Step 3: Add deionized water below the calibration mark and shake to completely dissolve the solute
Step 4: Add deionized water to the final volume and shake the flask

Diluting a Solution

Diluting: adding solvent to a solution of higher molarity to decrease the concentration to a lower molarity

Acid-Base Reactions

Acid-base reactions always produce water
Not all formulas with one or more H atoms are acids
Acids are covalent compounds, not ionic
Dissociation of dissolved covalent compounds is rare
Strong acids: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4
Weak acids: HF, HNO2, H2SO3, H3PO4

H+ Ion as a Solvated Hydronium Ion

H+ interacts strongly with H2O, forming H3O+ in aqueous solution
H3O+ ion further surrounds itself with H2O molecules in an interaction known as hydrogen bonding

Strong and Weak Acids

Strong acids: HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4
Weak acids: HF, H3PO4, CH3COOH (or HC2H3O2), and all organic acids

Bases

A base is a substance that produces OH- ions when dissolved in H2O
Production of OH- ions can occur under different scenarios:
- A pure compound already contains the OH- group
- An ionic oxide of group 1(A) or group 2(A)
- Aqueous solutions of some covalent compounds, such as NH3

Strong and Weak Bases

Strong bases: Group 1A(1) hydroxides, heavy Group 2A(2) hydroxides
Weak bases: everything else, including NH3 and Mg(OH)2

Acids and Bases as Electrolytes

Strong acids and strong bases dissociate completely into ions in aqueous solution and are strong electrolytes
Weak acids and weak bases dissociate very little into ions in aqueous solution and are weak electrolytes

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Test your understanding of net ionic equations and precipitation reactions with this quiz. Learn to eliminate spectator ions and balance electric charges in chemical changes.

Net Ionic Equation and Precipitation Reactions Quiz

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