Precautions in Blood Collection
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended storage condition for the sample after collection?

  • Ice (correct)
  • Refrigerator
  • Room temperature
  • Freezer

    • Why should the tourniquet not be removed before the collection is finished?

  • To ensure proper mixing of the sample
  • To speed up the collection process
  • To prevent accumulation of metabolic products (correct)
  • To avoid injury to the patient

    • What is the recommended state of the patient during blood collection?

  • Fully relaxed (correct)
  • Asleep
  • Partially relaxed
  • Stressed or anxious

    • Why should vaccutainer tubes not be used for blood gas collection?

    <p>Oxygen in the tube can alter the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of excessive temperature increase on blood gas results?

    <p>↑ pO2, ↑ pCO2, ↓ pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to correct ABG values to the patient's true temperature?

    <p>To ensure accurate results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach to report ABG results?

    <p>Both corrected and measured values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hypothermia on blood gas results?

    <p>↓ pO2, ↓ pCO2, ↑ pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pH of the blood sample when it is exposed to air?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to warm the limb before collecting arterialized blood?

    <p>To accelerate blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using Li-heparin powder coated glass syringe for blood gas measurements?

    <p>It prevents gas leakage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If no ice is available, what is the recommended time frame for analyzing the blood sample?

    <p>10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a heparinized capillary tube for collecting capillary blood?

    <p>To prevent clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to coat the plastic syringe with silicon from the inside?

    <p>To prevent gas leakage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pO2 of the blood sample when it is left at room temperature for more than 10 minutes?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of collecting blood sample in Li-heparin?

    <p>It prevents clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred anticoagulant for collecting arterial blood?

    <p>Li-heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is arterial blood preferred for blood gas analysis?

    <p>It is more uniform in composition and has a stable pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for using a local or general anesthetic during arterial blood collection?

    <p>To prevent pain during the procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication risk associated with collecting arterial blood from the brachial artery?

    <p>Nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using powder Li-heparin over liquid Li-heparin for collecting arterial blood?

    <p>It prevents dilution, evaporation, or spillage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using arterial blood for blood gas analysis in patients with lung or respiratory problems?

    <p>It is more representative of the true oxygen status of the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main precaution to take when collecting arterial blood to prevent pre-analytical errors?

    <p>Preventing gasses from escaping or diffusing into the blood sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is recommended to collect arterial blood for blood gas analysis?

    <p>A phlebotomist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Collection for Blood Gasses Determination

    • When collecting venous blood, the patient must not pump their fist, and the tourniquet is only removed after collection.
    • If the tourniquet is removed before collection is finished, CO2 increases, HCO3- and pH decrease due to accumulation of metabolic products.
    • The patient must be fully relaxed, avoiding stress or anxiety, which can cause hyperventilation and alter blood gas results.
    • Avoid using vaccutainer tubes, as oxygen in the tube can alter the results.
    • Blood samples should be kept at a temperature between 37°C and 40°C to avoid alterations in pH, pCO2, and pO2.
    • Corrected ABG values must be reported to the doctor, taking into account the patient's temperature.

    Precautions in Blood Collection

    • Use a gas-tight, Li-heparin powder-coated, glass syringe as the reference collection device.
    • When using plastic syringes, coat them with silicon from the inside to prevent gas leakage.
    • Never expose the sample to air, as it can result in increased pO2, decreased CO2, and increased pH.
    • Keep the collected sample buried in normal crushed ice to maintain parameters for up to 2 hours.
    • If no ice is available, analyze the sample within 10 minutes to avoid alterations in pH, pO2, and lactic acid.

    Blood Gasses Determination

    • For infants, use arterialized blood, which is obtained by warming the limb and dilating the capillaries.
    • Hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) is the O2 content divided by O2 capacity and is determined by pulse oximetry.
    • Decreased pO2 indicates a reduced ability of O2 to diffuse from alveolar to blood, which can be due to hypoventilation or increased venoarterial shunt.
    • Low Hb can be due to low red blood cells or abnormal Hb.

    Hemoglobin-Oxygen Dissociation

    • Hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation is determined by the affinity of hemoglobin, Po2, and oxygen dissociation curve.
    • Oxygen dissociation curve shows the relationship between Po2 and SO2.

    Additional Precautions

    • Gasses can easily escape or diffuse into the blood sample, so ideal samples are arterial whole blood collected in Li-heparin.
    • Powder (Li-heparin) is preferred to avoid dilution, evaporation, or spillage problems.
    • Arterial blood is more uniform in composition, well oxygenated, and has a more stable pH.
    • If lung or respiratory problems are to be assessed, only use arterial blood.
    • The radial artery is preferred for collecting arterial blood due to less complication risks and easy accessibility.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential precautions to take when collecting blood samples, including the importance of not removing the tourniquet before collection is finished and not pumping the fist. Learn how to handle the sample and prepare it for analysis.

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