Precalculus Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the vertex of the graph of $-5(x + 4)^2 - 5$?

  • (5, 9)
  • (0, -15)
  • (-4, -5) (correct)
  • (-3, 4)

Identify the vertex of the parabola $F(x) = -3(x - 5)^2 + 9.

(5, 9)

Identify the vertex of the parabola $F(x) = 3x^2 + 18x + 31.$

(-3, 4)

Give the interval where the function $F(x) = (x + 5)^2 + 6$ increases.

<p>[-5, infinity)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the y-intercepts and any x-intercepts of the equation $y = x^2 - 2x - 15.$

<p>Y = (0, -15), x = (5, 0), (-3, 0)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solve the quadratic inequality by graphing $x^2 - 4x + 3 \geq 0.$

<p>(-infinity, 1] U [3, infinity)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Factor the polynomial $x^3 + 5x^2 - 48x - 252$ completely given that $x - 7$ is a factor.

<p>(x - 7)(x + 6)(x + 6)</p> Signup and view all the answers

State the degree of the polynomial equation $-6x^2(x - 7)(x + 3)^3 = 0$.

<p>Degree = 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find a polynomial equation with real coefficients that has the given roots: 2, -8, 3 + 5i.

<p>(x - 2)(x + 8)(x - (3 - 5i))(x - (3 + 5i))</p> Signup and view all the answers

Use the rational zero theorem, Descartes's rule of signs, and the theorem on bounds as aids in finding all real and imaginary roots to the equation $x^4 + 15x^3 + 49x^2 - 15x - 50 = 0$.

<p>-1, 1, -10, -5</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find all real solutions to the equation $\sqrt{x + 13} = x - 7$.

<p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find all real and imaginary solutions to the equation $(2m - 1)^2 - 4(2m - 1) - 21 = 0$.

<p>-2, 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solve the absolute value equation $|x^2 - 10| = 4$.

<p>-\sqrt{6}, \sqrt{6}, -\sqrt{14}, \sqrt{14}</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the behavior of the function's graph at its x-intercepts for $f(x) = (x - 2)^2(x + 6)$.

<p>(2, 0) touches, (-6, 0) crosses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Use the leading coefficient test to determine whether $y \to \infty$ or $y \to -\infty$ as $x \to \infty$ for $y = -x^5 - 2x^3 - 7x + 4$.

<p>Y \to -\infty</p> Signup and view all the answers

Use the leading coefficient test to determine whether $y \to \infty$ or $y \to -\infty$ as $x \to -\infty$ for $y = 2x^4 + 2x^2 + x - 5$.

<p>Y \to \infty</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sketch the graph of the polynomial function $f(x) = -2x(x - 2)(x + 1)$.

<p>(0, 0) crosses, (2, 0) crosses, (-1, 0) crosses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sketch the graph of the polynomial function $F(x) = (3x + 2)(x - 2)^2$.

<p>(-2/3, 0) crosses, (2, 0) touches</p> Signup and view all the answers

State the domain of the rational function $F(x) = \frac{16}{14 - x}$.

<p>(-infinity, 14) U (14, infinity)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Determine the domain and the equations of the asymptotes for the graph of the rational function given x-intercepts: (3, 0) and y-intercept: (0, 4).

<p>Domain: (-infinity, 3) U (3, infinity), x = 3, y = 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the function $\frac{(x - 4)(x + 8)}{x^2 - 1}$, find all vertical asymptotes (if any).

<p>x = 1, -1</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the function $\frac{6x^2 - 5x - 3}{5x^2 - 9x + 4}$, find all horizontal asymptotes (if any).

<p>y = 6/5</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sketch the graph of the function $f(x) = \frac{2x + 1}{x}$. What are the vertical and horizontal asymptotes?

<p>VA = 0, HA = 2 (check graph for curves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Vertex of a Parabola

The highest or lowest point on a parabola.

Negative Leading Coefficient

The parabola opens downward.

Y-intercept

The point where the graph crosses the y-axis.

X-intercepts

The points where the graph crosses the x-axis.

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Quadratic Inequality Solution

Solving for x when the inequality >= 0.

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Factoring Polynomials

Breaking down a polynomial into simpler factors.

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Degree of a Polynomial

The highest power of x in a polynomial equation.

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Polynomial Root

The x-value that makes the polynomial equal to zero.

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Complex Root

An imaginary number in the form a + bi.

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Solving Radical Equations

Isolate the radical and square both sides.

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Extraneous Solution

A value that appears to be a solution but does not satisfy the equation.

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Solving Equations by Substitution

Substitute a variable to create a quadratic equation.

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Absolute Value

A number's distance from zero; always non-negative.

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Touching at x-intercept

The graph touches the x-axis and turns around.

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Crossing at x-intercept

The graph crosses straight through the x-axis.

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Leading Coefficient Test

Describes the end behavior of a polynomial function.

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End Behavior (x→∞, y→-∞)

As x approaches infinity, y approaches negative infinity.

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End Behavior (x→-∞, y→∞)

As x approaches negative infinity, y approaches infinity.

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Graph Sketching

Plotting key points to represent a function.

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Rational Function

A function expressed as a ratio of two polynomials.

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Domain of a Function

All possible input values (x-values) of a function.

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Asymptote

A line that a graph approaches but does not cross.

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Vertical Asymptote

A vertical line where the function approaches infinity.

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Horizontal Asymptote

A horizontal line that the function approaches.

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Study Notes

Quadratic Functions

  • The graph of ( -5(x+4)^2-5 ) opens downward with a vertex at (-4, -5).
  • The vertex of the parabola ( F(x) = -3(x-5)^2 + 9 ) is located at (5, 9).
  • For ( F(x) = 3x^2 + 18x + 31 ), the vertex is (-3, 4).

Function Behavior

  • The function ( F(x) = (x+5)^2 + 6 ) increases on the interval [-5, infinity).
  • The y-intercept of ( y = x^2 - 2x - 15 ) is (0, -15) and the x-intercepts are (5, 0) and (-3, 0).
  • The quadratic inequality ( x^2 - 4x + 3 \geq 0 ) has solutions in the intervals (-∞, 1] and [3, ∞).

Polynomial Operations

  • Factoring the polynomial ( x^3 + 5x^2 - 48x - 252 ) given the factor ( x - 7 ) results in ( (x-7)(x+6)^2 ).
  • The degree of the polynomial equation ( -6x^2(x-7)(x+3)^3 = 0 ) is 6.

Polynomial Roots

  • A polynomial with real coefficients having roots 2, -8, and ( 3+5i ) is expressed as ( (x-2)(x+8)(x-3-5i)(x-3+5i) ).

Solving Equations

  • The real solution for ( \sqrt{x} + 13 = x - 7 ) is ( x = 12 ).
  • The equation ( (2m-1)^2 - 4(2m-1) - 21 = 0 ) has real and imaginary solutions ( m = -2 ) and ( m = 3 ).

Absolute Value and Intercepts

  • The absolute value equation ( |x^2 - 10| = 4 ) yields solutions of ( -\sqrt{6}, \sqrt{6}, -\sqrt{14}, \sqrt{14} ).
  • The function ( f(x) = (x-2)^2(x+6) \ exhibits behavior at x-intercepts: (2, 0) touches and (-6, 0) crosses.

Leading Coefficient Test

  • For ( y = -x^5 - 2x^3 - 7x + 4 ), as ( x \to \infty ), ( y \to -\infty ).
  • The function ( 2x^4 + 2x^2 + x - 5 ) has ( y \to \infty ) as ( x \to -\infty ).

Graph Sketching

  • Sketching ( f(x) = -2x(x-2)(x+1) \ results in crossing points at (0,0), (2,0), and (-1,0).
  • The graph of ( F(x) = (3x + 2)(x - 2)^2 \ shows crossing at ((-2/3, 0)) and touching at (2, 0).

Rational Functions

  • The domain of the rational function ( F(x) = \frac{16}{14-x} ) is (-∞, 14) ∪ (14, ∞).
  • For the rational function with intercepts (3, 0) and (0, 4), the domain is (-∞, 3) ∪ (3, ∞), with asymptotes at ( x=3 ) and ( y=4 ).
  • The function ( \frac{(x-4)(x+8)}{x^2-1} \ has vertical asymptotes at ( x = 1 ) and ( x = -1 ).
  • A horizontal asymptote at ( y = \frac{6}{5} \ is present for ( \frac{6x^2 - 5x - 3}{5x^2 - 9x + 4} ).

Additional Graph Features

  • The function ( f(x) = \frac{2x + 1}{x} ) indicates a vertical asymptote at ( x = 0 ) and a horizontal asymptote at ( y = 2 ).

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