Pre-Spanish and Spanish Colonial Architecture
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary architectural style of the Bauang Church?

  • Quasi-classic style (correct)
  • Baroque style
  • Gothic style
  • Neo-classical style

How are the edges of the second story treated differently from the third story?

  • They use volutes.
  • They incorporate a curved pediment.
  • They are adorned with floral patterns.
  • They feature stylized acanthus. (correct)

What feature is present on each side of the main portal of Bauang Church?

  • Ornate pediments
  • Large arches
  • False doors (correct)
  • Spiral columns

Which element caps the fourth story of the described structure?

<p>A curved pediment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the height of the third story from the others?

<p>It is shorter than the second story. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many sections separate the two bands of the capitols in Bauang Church?

<p>Two sections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pillars are repeated in the second story of the building?

<p>Tuscan pillars (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What materials were predominantly used for Filipino houses before the arrival of the Spaniards?

<p>Bamboo, palm, vine, grass, and wood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What architectural feature was common in pre-Spanish Filipino houses?

<p>Pyramidal roofs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major construction changes occurred during the Spanish period regarding materials?

<p>Light materials were replaced with adobe stones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which church is noted for having a true barrel vaulting structure?

<p>San Agustin Church (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature characterized the early churches built in Intramuros?

<p>Massiveness and stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What construction was used to protect the Walled City during Governor-General Lavezares' time?

<p>Palisades, later replaced by stone walls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many naves did the rebuilt Manila Cathedral have?

<p>Three (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following churches is known for its 'quasi-classic architecture'?

<p>Church in San Fernando City (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Filipino houses before the arrival of the Spaniards had a conical roof.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The San Agustin Church is known for its barrel vaulting that provides stability during earthquakes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the early Spanish regime, houses were primarily constructed with concrete and bricks.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intramuros features churches that are predominantly in barn style with high pitched roofs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Manila Cathedral was rebuilt after being destroyed by earthquakes in 1893.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pre-Spanish Filipino houses

Made of light materials like bamboo, palms, vines, grass, and wood. Had pyramidal roofs, low walls, and floors raised above ground.

Spanish Period houses

Initially used light materials, then transitioned to stronger ones like adobe. Houses were positioned away from town centers.

Early Spanish churches

Built with massive stone and reinforced to be earthquake-resistant, like San Agustin Church.

Intramuros

The walled city of Manila, featuring strong palisades and later, stone walls for defense.

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Manila Cathedral

A significant church rebuilt after being damaged in an earthquake. Notable for its Renaissance-style facade and three naves.

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San Agustin Church

One of the earliest and most important churches in Intramuros, known for its barrel vaulting to resist earthquakes.

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Regional churches (barn style)

Show a general, simple architectural style with high-pitched roofs, large dimensions, and often some visual indicators of past damage.

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Church in San Fernando

A church with a facade restored, showing only that part with architectural detail; the rest reflects its original unrefined construction.

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Bauang Church Style

The Bauang Church has a quasi-classical facade, a tall rectangle with a sloping roof.

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Stories and Facades

The facade is divided into stories of different heights, each with unique decorative elements.

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Pillars

Engaged Tuscan pillars are prominently featured in the church portal and choir light.

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Decorative Elements

Different architectural details like acanthus, volutes, and pies de gallo decorate the various stories.

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Portal Decoration

The portal on the facade has engaged pillars and specialized decorative bands.

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Pillars' Capitals

Pillars have two-sectioned capitals with bands and leaves.

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False Doors

The Church facade has fake doors.

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Spanish Period Architecture: Changes

Early Spanish structures in the Philippines continued using light materials. Later, stronger materials like adobe bricks became common. Churches were often built facing the plaza, while native houses were situated away from the town center.

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Intramuros Fortifications

The walled city of Intramuros in Manila was built with strong palisades for protection. These were later replaced by massive stone walls, creating a fortified city. The gates, including the entrance to Fort Santiago, were given special architectural treatment.

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San Agustin Church: Earthquake Resistance

One of the first important buildings in Intramuros, San Agustin Church was designed for stability. Its use of barrel vaulting allowed it to withstand even the strongest earthquakes.

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Study Notes

Pre-Spanish Architecture

  • Filipino houses used light materials like bamboo, palm, vines, grass, and wood.
  • Roofs were pyramidal.
  • Walls were low, and floors were raised above the ground.

Spanish Colonial Architecture

  • Early Spanish houses used light materials but later used stronger materials like adobe.
  • Churches were built on the east side of plazas, and government buildings (Casa Real/Casa Judicial) on the opposite side.
  • Native houses were outside of town centers.
  • Strong palisades (wooden fences) were built to protect cities, later replaced by stone walls.
  • Intramuros walls were a significant engineering undertaking.
  • Architectural attention was given to gates (e.g., Fort Santiago).

Church Architecture in the Spanish Period

  • Early important buildings in Intramuros included San Agustin Church and Manila Cathedral.
  • Early churches featured massiveness and stability.
  • San Agustin Church's barrel vaulting allowed it to withstand earthquakes.
  • Manila Cathedral (rebuilt after an earthquake) had 3 naves, a sacristy, an octagonal tower, and a Renaissance-style facade.
  • Parish priests often managed provincial church construction.
  • Many churches in the Philippines have a "barn-style" design with large dimensions, high pitched roofs producing a squat silhouette, and are similar in design.
  • Some churches, like the one in San Fernando City, La Union, have facades that appear to be restored but show some original architectural treatment, with quasi-classical architecture (mixture of styles), and different stylistic elements for each story of the building.
  • The Bauang Church in La Union also exemplifies quasi-classical style. Four composite pillars, false doors, and decorative elements are key features.

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Description

Explore the fascinating evolution of Filipino architecture from the pre-Spanish period to the Spanish colonial era. This quiz focuses on the materials, architectural styles, and significant structures that emerged during these periods. Test your knowledge of the unique characteristics and historical significance of Filipino architectural heritage.

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