Pre-Socratic and Classical Philosophy Quiz

A philosophy that states all things are made of water and prioritizes physical matter over non-material things

A doctrine believing all things are in constant change, denying the existence of a fixed reality or unchanging truth

A theory that postulates the existence of an underlying principle or order that governs everything in the universe, even when everything seems chaotic

A philosophy that emphasizes the importance of human reason, logic, and observation as primary sources of knowledge and understanding, often contrasted with religious or mystical belief systems

A philosophical perspective that places human beings, their needs, and their values at the center of the universe, emphasizing their capacity for reason, creativity, and moral action

A philosophy emphasizing the essential role of human perception and experience in shaping reality

A philosophy that claims there is no objective truth or meaning, and all values and beliefs are ultimately subjective and meaningless

A philosophical movement that embraces skepticism about the possibility of attaining absolute knowledge and truth

A philosophical approach that prioritizes the individual's ability to interpret and define reality based on their own experiences rather than relying on external authorities or absolute truths

A belief system that views the universe as being inherently divine, or that the divine is immanent within all things

The period in history (roughly 15th-17th centuries) marked by European exploration and colonization, driven by advancements in navigation and a desire for trade and resources.

The belief that humans are inherently valuable and created in the image of God, holding a unique dignity and purpose.

The combination of body, mind, and spirit, which forms a complete human experience.

The central concept of the Christian faith, believing in the literal resurrection of Christ's physical body after his death, signifying victory over death and the promise of future resurrection.

The period of religious reforms in Western Christianity in the 16th century, emphasizing the Bible as the ultimate source of authority and questioning the role of the Catholic Church.

The principle of relying solely on the Bible as the ultimate authority in matters of faith and practice.

The belief that salvation is received solely through God's grace and not by human merit or works.

This refers to the five key principles of the Reformation: Sola Scriptura, Sola Gratia, Solus Christus, Sola Fide, and Soli Deo Gloria - emphasizing scriptural authority, grace, Christ alone, faith alone, and God's glory.

The belief that Jesus Christ is the only way to salvation and reconciliation with God.

The belief that salvation is received through faith alone, not through works or rituals.

Descartes' philosophy emphasizes the importance of our own thoughts and reasoning as the basis for knowledge, even when they contradict our senses.

Spinoza believed God is not a separate being, but rather the very essence of nature itself, a unified and infinite substance.

Kant's philosophy acknowledges the existence of ultimate reality but argues that we can't fully grasp it. He believed in human reason and the inherent worth of humanity.

Hume's skepticism challenges the reliability of our senses and even the concept of cause and effect. He believed that miracles are impossible because they contradict the laws of nature.

Comte believed that knowledge should be based on empirical observation and scientific methods, rejecting reliance on faith or miracles.

Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection explained the diversity of life through a process of adaptation and survival of the fittest.

Realism was a philosophical movement that emphasized the importance of the material world and the observable reality, rejecting idealistic or spiritual interpretations.

Thomas Jefferson's beliefs emphasized individual rights, self-evident truths, and a belief in an impersonal God, rejecting the idea of miracles.

The Age of Revolution in the 1800s saw significant changes in philosophical and scientific thought, leading to advancements in natural science and a shift towards empiricism and humanism.

The term 'materialism' implies that the physical world is the only reality and that there is no spiritual or supernatural realm.

An artistic movement that challenged traditional notions of beauty and art.

A style of art where the representation of reality is abandoned completely, and the artwork is a purely abstract expression of feelings and ideas.

An influential movement that rejected traditional artistic values, emphasizing subjective experience and the use of found objects in art.

A movement focused on expressing the meaninglessness of modern life through artistic creations that often appeared meaningless or absurd.

A German philosopher who questioned traditional values and argued for a radical re-evaluation of all beliefs, often seen as a pioneer of postmodern thought.

A French artist who created controversial and provocative art using found objects, contributing significantly to the development of modern art.

A work of art created by Marcel Duchamp, consisting of a urinal placed in a gallery as a piece of art, challenging conventional notions of aesthetic beauty and artistic creation.

The practice of repurposing everyday objects into works of art, blurring the lines between mundane and artistic.

A philosophy that emphasizes the subjective nature of reality and the impossibility of objective truth, often rejecting grand narratives and universal values.

The use of extremely offensive language, usually with the intention of shocking or provoking.

The belief that God is not a safe or comforting presence, but rather a force that demands moral action and responsibility.

A philosophical and artistic movement that emphasises the absurdity of human existence in a meaningless universe.

A philosophical concept that describes the sense of meaninglessness and alienation experienced when confronted with the vastness and indifference of the universe.

A period in history marked by a drastic increase in death and destruction, primarily due to totalitarian regimes like Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.

A philosophical idea that human beings are capable of defining their own reality and making choices that give meaning to their existence, even in a seemingly meaningless universe.

A group of individuals who reject the traditional beliefs and practices of organized religion, often promoting rationalism, humanism, and skepticism.

A group of intellectuals who advocate for the establishment of a new secular faith based on human values and reason, seeking to replace traditional religious beliefs.

The idea that human actions can have a profound impact on the world and its inhabitants, regardless of their beliefs or intentions.

A movement in art and philosophy that questions established meanings and interpretations, emphasizing the subjective experience of the viewer.

Conceptual art that aims to provoke strong emotions and reactions by deliberately challenging social norms and often using shocking or controversial imagery.

A type of artistic expression where meaning is not explicitly stated, but rather left open to interpretation by the viewer based on their own experiences and perspectives.

A philosophical concept that claims that all claims of truth are inherently subjective and influenced by individual perspectives.

The idea that truth is objective and exists independently of human perception, waiting to be discovered.

The idea that our beliefs cannot change the reality of a fact. Facts are not subjective.