Pre-Operative Physiotherapy Impact on Postoperative Pneumonia Rates + Lifespan

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Why is understanding fetal circulation important in the context of pediatric cardiorespiratory conditions?

To understand how oxygenated blood is transported from the mother to the fetus.

To explain the process of gas exchange in the baby's lungs.

To comprehend the role of the three shunts in bypassing the lungs in fetal circulation. (correct)

To analyze the flow of de-oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.

Which structure connects the umbilical cord to the mother's circulation?

Placenta (correct)

Liver

Ductus venosus

Uterus

What causes the functional closure of the foramen ovale after birth?

Decrease in left atrial pressure

Absence of prostaglandins

Closure of ductus arteriosus

The baby taking its first breath (correct)

Which shunt is responsible for bypassing de-oxygenate blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta?

Ductus arteriosus Signup and view all the answers

Why does the ductus arteriosus close after birth?

Presence of prostaglandins Signup and view all the answers

Which structure carries de-oxygenated blood from the fetus to the mother?

Umbilical arteries Signup and view all the answers

What allows the de-oxygenated blood in fetal circulation to bypass the lungs?

Ductus arteriosus Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the reversal of atrial pressure gradient leading to closure of foramen ovale after birth?

Baby's first breath Signup and view all the answers

How does a fetus primarily obtain oxygen and nutrients while in utero?

Via oxygenated blood from maternal placenta Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ductus venosus after birth?

It closes as the umbilical cord stops supplying blood through the liver. Signup and view all the answers

What effect did a single pre-operative physiotherapy session have on postoperative pneumonia rates according to the international trial?

Reduced postoperative pneumonia rates by half Signup and view all the answers

Why is chronic breathlessness under-recognized, assessed, and managed according to the text?

Due to the complexity of its origins and maintenance Signup and view all the answers

What was reported by participants about the home-based rehabilitation program for inoperable lung cancer patients?

It was highly acceptable Signup and view all the answers

Why might hospitals need to reconsider the timing of physiotherapy according to the text?

To prevent the onset of serious postoperative complications Signup and view all the answers

What did a recent randomized controlled trial demonstrate about home-based rehabilitation for lung cancer patients?

Improvements in health-related quality of life and symptom severity Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge that physiotherapists face in critical care according to the text?

Limited diagnostic accuracy of lung auscultation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lung pathologies is NOT mentioned as detectable by lung ultrasound in critical care?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as a reason for questioning previous critical care physiotherapy recommendations?

Reduced diagnostic accuracy of the portable chest radiograph compared to lung ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

Why is lung ultrasound recommended as a tool for critical care physiotherapists, based on the text?

Increasing evidence-base for its excellent diagnostic accuracy Signup and view all the answers

Which landmark trials are questioned in the text concerning the utilization of lung ultrasound in critical care?

Stiller et al 2013 Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical difference between infants and adults makes the 'bucket handle' motion unavailable in infants?

Horizontal orientation of ribs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why pre-term infants are susceptible to developing Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)?

Lack of surfactant Signup and view all the answers

Which lung condition in newborns is characterized by reduced surfactant production, leading to increased surface tension and decreased lung compliance?

Atelectasis Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk factor for Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS) that contributes to higher mortality rates in male newborns?

Male gender Signup and view all the answers

Why are infants up to 6 months of age preferential nasal breathers?

Short necks and prominent occiputs Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest as a potential barrier to the uptake and use of Lung Ultrasound (LUS) in clinical practice for physiotherapists?

Perceived scope of practice issues Signup and view all the answers

How did the Austin Health physiotherapy department utilize a grant in 2015 to enhance care for high-risk surgical patients?

To develop an individualized model of care led by a critical care-trained physiotherapist Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the physiotherapy-led model of care implemented at Austin Health in 2016 for high-risk surgical patients?

To increase the detection of PPC Signup and view all the answers

Why has pre-operative physiotherapy historically focused on coaching patients in deep breathing and coughing exercises before surgery?

To prevent airway bacterial stagnation and atelectasis post-surgery Signup and view all the answers

What negative consequence is associated with the change from admitting patients on the day before surgery to admitting them on the morning of surgery?

Reduced time for pre-operative preparation by physiotherapists Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason that the Foramen Ovale allows the oxygenated blood to bypass the lungs in fetal circulation?

To ensure efficient delivery of oxygen to the fetal organs Signup and view all the answers

Why does the ductus arteriosus shunt de-oxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta instead of going to the lungs?

To reduce the workload on the fetal heart Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the mother to the fetus?

Umbilical vein Signup and view all the answers

After birth, what leads to the closure of the ductus arteriosus in neonates?

Presence of hormones like prostaglandins Signup and view all the answers

What physiological event triggers the functional closure of the Foramen Ovale after birth?

Baby's first breath leading to air-filled lungs Signup and view all the answers