Pre-Operative Physiotherapy Impact on Postoperative Pneumonia Rates + Lifespan
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Questions and Answers

Why is understanding fetal circulation important in the context of pediatric cardiorespiratory conditions?

  • To understand how oxygenated blood is transported from the mother to the fetus.
  • To explain the process of gas exchange in the baby's lungs.
  • To comprehend the role of the three shunts in bypassing the lungs in fetal circulation. (correct)
  • To analyze the flow of de-oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.
  • Which structure connects the umbilical cord to the mother's circulation?

  • Placenta (correct)
  • Liver
  • Ductus venosus
  • Uterus
  • What causes the functional closure of the foramen ovale after birth?

  • Decrease in left atrial pressure
  • Absence of prostaglandins
  • Closure of ductus arteriosus
  • The baby taking its first breath (correct)
  • Which shunt is responsible for bypassing de-oxygenate blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta?

    <p>Ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the ductus arteriosus close after birth?

    <p>Presence of prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure carries de-oxygenated blood from the fetus to the mother?

    <p>Umbilical arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows the de-oxygenated blood in fetal circulation to bypass the lungs?

    <p>Ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the reversal of atrial pressure gradient leading to closure of foramen ovale after birth?

    <p>Baby's first breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a fetus primarily obtain oxygen and nutrients while in utero?

    <p>Via oxygenated blood from maternal placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ductus venosus after birth?

    <p>It closes as the umbilical cord stops supplying blood through the liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect did a single pre-operative physiotherapy session have on postoperative pneumonia rates according to the international trial?

    <p>Reduced postoperative pneumonia rates by half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is chronic breathlessness under-recognized, assessed, and managed according to the text?

    <p>Due to the complexity of its origins and maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was reported by participants about the home-based rehabilitation program for inoperable lung cancer patients?

    <p>It was highly acceptable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might hospitals need to reconsider the timing of physiotherapy according to the text?

    <p>To prevent the onset of serious postoperative complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did a recent randomized controlled trial demonstrate about home-based rehabilitation for lung cancer patients?

    <p>Improvements in health-related quality of life and symptom severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge that physiotherapists face in critical care according to the text?

    <p>Limited diagnostic accuracy of lung auscultation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lung pathologies is NOT mentioned as detectable by lung ultrasound in critical care?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a reason for questioning previous critical care physiotherapy recommendations?

    <p>Reduced diagnostic accuracy of the portable chest radiograph compared to lung ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is lung ultrasound recommended as a tool for critical care physiotherapists, based on the text?

    <p>Increasing evidence-base for its excellent diagnostic accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landmark trials are questioned in the text concerning the utilization of lung ultrasound in critical care?

    <p>Stiller et al 2013</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical difference between infants and adults makes the 'bucket handle' motion unavailable in infants?

    <p>Horizontal orientation of ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why pre-term infants are susceptible to developing Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)?

    <p>Lack of surfactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung condition in newborns is characterized by reduced surfactant production, leading to increased surface tension and decreased lung compliance?

    <p>Atelectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk factor for Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS) that contributes to higher mortality rates in male newborns?

    <p>Male gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are infants up to 6 months of age preferential nasal breathers?

    <p>Short necks and prominent occiputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest as a potential barrier to the uptake and use of Lung Ultrasound (LUS) in clinical practice for physiotherapists?

    <p>Perceived scope of practice issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Austin Health physiotherapy department utilize a grant in 2015 to enhance care for high-risk surgical patients?

    <p>To develop an individualized model of care led by a critical care-trained physiotherapist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary aim of the physiotherapy-led model of care implemented at Austin Health in 2016 for high-risk surgical patients?

    <p>To increase the detection of PPC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has pre-operative physiotherapy historically focused on coaching patients in deep breathing and coughing exercises before surgery?

    <p>To prevent airway bacterial stagnation and atelectasis post-surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What negative consequence is associated with the change from admitting patients on the day before surgery to admitting them on the morning of surgery?

    <p>Reduced time for pre-operative preparation by physiotherapists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason that the Foramen Ovale allows the oxygenated blood to bypass the lungs in fetal circulation?

    <p>To ensure efficient delivery of oxygen to the fetal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the ductus arteriosus shunt de-oxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta instead of going to the lungs?

    <p>To reduce the workload on the fetal heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the mother to the fetus?

    <p>Umbilical vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After birth, what leads to the closure of the ductus arteriosus in neonates?

    <p>Presence of hormones like prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological event triggers the functional closure of the Foramen Ovale after birth?

    <p>Baby's first breath leading to air-filled lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

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