Questions and Answers
What is phonological awareness?
What are the methods for teaching phonemic awareness?
Clapping syllables, distinguishing between a word and a sound, using visual cues, incorporating oral segmentation activities.
What does a consonant digraph represent?
A phoneme is the smallest distinctive sound unit in a language.
Signup and view all the answers
What is an open syllable?
Signup and view all the answers
The relationship between a sound and the letter that represents it is known as ____.
Signup and view all the answers
What is an example of a diphthong?
Signup and view all the answers
What does fluency activities include?
Signup and view all the answers
What is semantic feature analysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of an anticipation guide?
Signup and view all the answers
Define a morpheme.
Signup and view all the answers
Word families consist of groups of words with the same ending sound.
Signup and view all the answers
What is encoding in the context of language?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of metacognitive strategies in reading?
Signup and view all the answers
What are word attack skills?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Phonological and Phonemic Awareness
- Phonological awareness involves reflecting on and manipulating the sound structure of spoken language.
- Phonics is understanding the sounds letters make and their association with written letters.
- Elements of phonological awareness include rhyme, alliteration, segmenting, blending, syllable manipulation, and onset and rime.
- Phonemic awareness focuses on hearing, identifying, and manipulating individual phonemes in spoken language.
Teaching Phonemic Awareness
- Strategies include clapping syllables, distinguishing between words and sounds, visual cues, and oral segmentation activities.
- Phonemic segmenting allows breaking words into individual sounds, exhibiting a high skill level in phonemic awareness.
- Phonemic deletion requires identifying how words sound when a sound is omitted.
- Phonemic substitution involves replacing one sound with another in a word.
Reading Instruction for Emergent Readers
- Helps readers recognize print in their environment and make predictions in stories.
- Encourages observations of pretending to read and recognizing letter shapes.
Syllable Types and Structure
- Closed syllables end with a consonant, while open syllables end with a vowel.
- Vowel-consonant-e syllables include a silent final e, producing a long vowel sound.
- Consonant-le syllables, also known as final stable syllables, contain nonphonetic spelling.
- R-controlled syllables occur when a vowel precedes an 'r,' affecting the vowel sound.
Morphology in Reading
- Morphological analysis involves examining morphemes, both lexical and derivational, to infer meanings of unknown words.
- A morpheme is the smallest meaning unit in a language, including prefixes and suffixes.
- Prefixes alter the meaning of root words, while suffixes serve as word endings.
- Understanding word families and their rimes aids vocabulary development.
Vocabulary Development Strategies
- Expressive vocabulary refers to the words a person can speak, while receptive vocabulary includes words understood.
- Teaching methods include the Frayer model, context clues, sentence generation, and morphological analysis.
Reading Comprehension and Text Structure
- An anticipation guide prompts discussions about topics before reading.
- Informational text structures include description, sequence, cause and effect, problem and solution, and compare and contrast.
- Story grammar defines the structural elements of stories.
Question-Answer Relationship (QAR) Types
- Right There questions have answers directly in the text.
- Think and Search questions require synthesizing information from multiple text parts.
- Author and You questions combine text content with prior knowledge.
- On My Own questions rely on personal experiences rather than the text.
Decoding and Encoding
- The alphabetic principle is understanding that letters represent sounds in spoken language.
- Decoding involves interpreting the meaning of written text, while encoding refers to the process of spelling or writing.
Fluency and Phonics Instruction
- Fluency activities foster reading proficiency through at-home reading, choral reading, and repeated reading.
- Phonics instruction involves systematic teaching of sound-letter relationships, relying on phonemic awareness.
Types of Word Strategies
- Semantic Feature Analysis uses a grid to compare items based on characteristics.
- Criterion-Referenced Assessment compares students' performance to preset standards.
- Sight words are high-frequency words learned by sight for immediate recognition.
Interactive Vocabulary Activities
- List-Group-Label encourages students to categorize related vocabulary.
- Word Wizard involves students learning and teaching new vocabulary.
- Word maps visually explore key elements of new vocabulary.
Metacognitive Strategies and Reading Techniques
- Good readers utilize metacognitive strategies before, during, and after reading to monitor understanding and clarify purposes.
- Reading strategies include setting a purpose before reading, self-monitoring during reading, and summarizing afterward.
Knowledge and Skills in Language
- Syntactic knowledge involves understanding how words form meaningful sentences.
- Semantic knowledge refers to understanding word meanings and combinations.
- Elkonin Boxes assist in segmenting sounds through visual representation.
Classroom Grouping Techniques
- Flexible grouping organizes students by shared instructional needs and adapts as needs change.
- Open and Closed Word Sorts engage students in categorizing words with varying levels of teacher guidance.
Language Mechanics
- An appositive renames a noun or pronoun, providing additional information.
- Parallelism showcases structure similarity in related words or phrases.
- Subject-verb agreement ensures the subject and verb match in number.
- A dangling modifier modifies an unclear noun, often leading to confusion in sentences.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
These flashcards are designed to aid in preparation for the Praxis Teaching Reading: Elementary 5205 exam by focusing on key concepts such as phonological awareness and phonics. Each card provides definitions and examples to enhance understanding and retention of vital literacy skills.
