Praxis Health Education 5551 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What role does the nervous system play in the body?

It filters disease organisms.

It controls voluntary muscle movements.

It collects information for the body and indicates survival actions. (correct)

It circulates blood throughout the body.

What is the somatic system responsible for?

Moving the skeletal muscles

What does the autonomic system control?

Involuntary muscles

What type of muscles permit movement of the body?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Where are cardiac muscles found?

In the heart Signup and view all the answers

What are smooth muscles responsible for?

Surrounding or being part of internal organs Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes skeletal muscles?

Voluntary control Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

Filtering out disease-causing organisms Signup and view all the answers

What does the endocrine system do?

Creates and secretes hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the circulatory system?

Circulating blood throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for turning food into energy?

Digestive system Signup and view all the answers

What is extrinsic motivation?

Motivation driven by external rewards Signup and view all the answers

What defines intrinsic motivation?

Internal desire to perform a task Signup and view all the answers

List the stages of change according to the Transtheoretical model.

Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the precontemplation stage?

Resisting change Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the contemplation stage?

Thinking about changing within six months Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the preparation stage?

Planning how to achieve desired change Signup and view all the answers

What does the action stage signify?

Implementing a plan of action Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the maintenance stage?

Sustaining the behavior for six months Signup and view all the answers

What are the three stages of pregnancy?

First, Second, and Third stage Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the first stage of pregnancy?

Egg divides, embryo forms, and recognizable as a human Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the second stage of pregnancy?

Fetus grows and nourished by the placenta Signup and view all the answers

What is key about the third stage of pregnancy?

Fetus gains most weight and relies on mother's immune system Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the first stage of labor?

Contractions occur every 15-20 minutes and last 30 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the transition period of labor?

Cervix fully opens and contractions intensify Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the second stage of labor?

Baby is born through the birth canal Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the third stage of labor?

Placenta is expelled after the baby is born Signup and view all the answers

Define a nuclear family.

A family group consisting of one adult couple and their children Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an extended family?

Includes multiple adult couples and relatives Signup and view all the answers

What is hospice care?

Providing care for individuals in their final days Signup and view all the answers

What is Alzheimer's disease?

A fatal brain disorder causing nerve cell destruction Signup and view all the answers

What defines dementia?

Chronic inability to assess present situations Signup and view all the answers

What are barbiturates?

Drugs slowing down the central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

How are inhalants commonly used?

Inhaled vigorously Signup and view all the answers

What are amphetamines?

Powerful stimulants that can be addictive Signup and view all the answers

What are hallucinogens?

Substances causing profound mental changes Signup and view all the answers

What defines stimulants?

They increase alertness and energy Signup and view all the answers

What is true about depressants?

They lower neurotransmission levels Signup and view all the answers

What is malfeasance?

An illegal act committed by a teacher Signup and view all the answers

What is misfeasance?

Legal action not sufficient to prevent injury Signup and view all the answers

Define nonfeasance.

Failure to perform an act that could prevent injury Signup and view all the answers

What is contributory negligence?

When an injured party is partially to blame Signup and view all the answers

What is comparative or shared negligence?

When both parties share blame for an injury Signup and view all the answers

How can injuries be avoided in school and physical activities?

By matching competitors appropriately and using waivers. Signup and view all the answers

What is formative assessment?

Testing aimed at ensuring student understanding Signup and view all the answers

What is HIV?

Virus that destroys immune cells Signup and view all the answers

What does AIDS stand for?

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What are common symptoms of a UTI?

Burning pain with urination, chills, fever, and blood in urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is mononucleosis commonly known as?

Mono Signup and view all the answers

What are some symptoms of mononucleosis?

Sore throat, headache, fever, and prolonged weakness. Signup and view all the answers

Describe influenza.

Highly contagious virus similar to the common cold. Signup and view all the answers

What is tuberculosis (TB)?

Infectious bacterial disease primarily affecting the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What is NGU?

Nongonococcal Urethritis, an inflammation not caused by gonorrhea. Signup and view all the answers

What is chlamydia?

A bacterial infection commonly affecting young women. Signup and view all the answers

What are symptoms of chlamydia?

Irritation, painful urination, and discharge. Signup and view all the answers

What is HPV?

Human Papillomavirus, causes genital warts. Signup and view all the answers

What is PID?

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease affecting the fallopian tubes. Signup and view all the answers

What is syphilis?

A bacterial infection that thrives in warm, moist areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of syphilis?

A lesion appears where the bacteria entered the body. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the secondary stage of syphilis?

A rash and fever may develop. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the latent stage of syphilis?

Bacteria attack internal organs. Signup and view all the answers

What is herpes?

A virus transmitted through contact that never goes away. Signup and view all the answers

What does herpes simplex 1 cause?

Cold sores and blisters around the mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What does herpes simplex 2 cause?

Blisters in the genital areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is gonorrhea?

A bacterial infection transmitted by sexual contact. Signup and view all the answers

What is diabetes mellitus?

An endocrine disorder that raises risk of heart disease. Signup and view all the answers

What are chancroids?

Soft, painful sores due to bacterial infection. Signup and view all the answers

What is cholesterol?

A substance made by the body and found in foods. Signup and view all the answers

What are triglycerides?

Fats that circulate in the blood after eating. Signup and view all the answers

What are lipoproteins?

Combinations of fat and protein. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes high density lipoproteins?

They help get rid of excess cholesterol. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes low density lipoproteins?

They carry excess cholesterol to the arteries. Signup and view all the answers

What is hypertension?

High blood pressure created by heart contractions. Signup and view all the answers

What is systolic blood pressure?

The highest pressure during heart contraction. Signup and view all the answers

What is diastolic blood pressure?

The lowest pressure during heart relaxation. Signup and view all the answers

What is carcinoma?

The most common type of cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What are sarcomas?

Cancers that develop in connective tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What are leukemias?

Cancers originating in the blood-forming tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What are lymphomas?

Cancers of the lymphatic system. Signup and view all the answers

What is ADHD?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder affecting focus. Signup and view all the answers

What is OCD?

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder involving repetitive thoughts. Signup and view all the answers

What is hepatitis?

A virus causing inflammation of the liver. Signup and view all the answers

What is Lyme disease?

A bacterial infection spread by ticks. Signup and view all the answers

What is a myocardial infarction?

A heart attack due to oxygen deprivation to heart cells. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes Class I obesity?

Body mass index of 30.0-34.9 Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes Class II obesity?

Body mass index of 35.0-39.9 Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes Class III obesity?

Body mass index of 40.0 or greater Signup and view all the answers

What is surface reflection in teaching?

The first level of reflection focused on goals. Signup and view all the answers

What is pedagogical reflection?

Reflection on educational theories and practices. Signup and view all the answers

What is critical reflection in teaching?

Reflection on moral and ethical implications in teaching. Signup and view all the answers

What is self-reflection?

Reflecting on personal beliefs and assumptions. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three phases of motor learning?

Cognitive, Associative, and Autonomous Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the cognitive phase of motor learning?

Development of overall understanding of a skill. Signup and view all the answers

What defines the associative phase of motor learning?

Refinement of movement through practice. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the autonomous phase in motor learning?

Motor skill becomes mostly automatic. Signup and view all the answers

What is spatial intelligence?

Ability to solve spatial problems and recognize patterns. Signup and view all the answers

What is natural intelligence?

A system's ability to perceive its environment. Signup and view all the answers

What defines intrapersonal intelligence?

Understanding oneself and one's emotions. Signup and view all the answers

What is interpersonal intelligence?

Ability to understand others' moods and motivations. Signup and view all the answers

What are the personality types?

Type A, B, C, and D Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a Type A personality?

Competitive, work-obsessed, and aggressive. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System

Collects information and dictates survival actions based on current conditions.

Somatic System

Controls movement of skeletal muscles.

Autonomic System

Regulates involuntary muscles, including the heart.

Muscular System

Facilitates body movement through three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal.

Types of Muscles

Cardiac Muscles: Exclusive to the heart.
Smooth Muscles: Found in internal organs.
Skeletal Muscles: Under voluntary control.

Lymphatic System

Filters disease-causing organisms and manages production of antibodies and white blood cells.

Endocrine System

Produces and secretes various hormones essential for body functions.

Circulatory System

Distributes blood to provide nutrients to cells and remove waste products.

Digestive System

Converts food into energy via the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs.

Types of Motivation

Extrinsic Motivation: Driven by external rewards or outcomes.
Intrinsic Motivation: Stem from internal desires to accomplish tasks.

Stages of Change (Transtheoretical Model)

Includes Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance phases.

Labor Stages

First Stage: Contractions begin, cervix opens.
Second Stage: Baby moves through the birth canal.
Third Stage: Expulsion of the placenta.

Family Structures

Nuclear Family: Consists of two parents and their children.
Extended Family: Includes additional relatives.

Health Care Concepts

Hospice: Care for individuals nearing end of life.
Alzheimer's Disease: A degenerative brain disorder affecting memory and communication.
Dementia: A chronic condition leading to confusion and disorientation.

Substance Abuse

Barbiturates: CNS depressants that induce drowsiness.
Amphetamines: Stimulants that enhance energy and alertness.
Hallucinogens: Cause significant alterations in perception.

STDs and Health Conditions

HIV: Weakens immune defenses, making individuals vulnerable to infections.
AIDS: Progressive condition resulting from untreated HIV.
Chlamydia: Common bacterial infection, often asymptomatic.
Herpes: Lifelong viral infection causing sores.

Obesity Classification

Class I: BMI 30.0-34.9
Class II: BMI 35.0-39.9
Class III: BMI 40.0 or greater

Negligence Types

Malfeasance: Illegal actions by a teacher.
Misfeasance: Lawful actions that result in harm.
Nonfeasance: Failure to act, resulting in student injury.

Health Risks

Hypertension: Elevated blood pressure due to heart contractions and vascular resistance.
Cholesterol: High levels increase heart disease risk.
Diabetes Mellitus: Endocrine disorder increasing risk for various health issues.

Reflection Levels for Teachers

Surface Reflection: Focus on achieving basic goals.
Pedagogical Reflection: Involves understanding educational theories and practices.
Critical Reflection: Examines ethical implications of teaching methods.
Self Reflection: Evaluates personal beliefs impacting teaching effectiveness.

Motor Learning Phases

Cognitive Phase: Understanding a skill.
Associative Phase: Refining movements through practice.
Autonomous Phase: Mastery of motor skills.

Types of Intelligence

Spatial Intelligence: Problem-solving in navigation and visualization.
Intrapersonal Intelligence: Understanding one’s emotions and using that knowledge for personal growth.
Interpersonal Intelligence: Recognizing and interpreting the emotions of others.

Personality Types

Type A Personality: Competitive and highly driven, often associated with stress-related health problems.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts in health education, particularly focusing on the nervous system and its components. Learn about the somatic system, autonomic system, and muscular system. Perfect for Praxis exam preparation.