Practical Research Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of research?

  • To simply explore random ideas
  • To search for new knowledge and concepts (correct)
  • To gather information for personal use
  • To prove existing theories
  • The right to anonymity means researchers must always be able to identify research participants.

    False (B)

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Quantitative Research?

  • Reports statistical analysis
  • Objective, answers how many or strength
  • Subjective, focused on personal experiences (correct)
  • RRL is done before the study
  • What are the two core components that make up the word "research"?

    <p>Re and search</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qualitative research uses inductive reasoning for data analysis.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key strength of qualitative research?

    <p>Issues can be examined in details and in depth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Nuremberg Code was developed in response to unethical medical experiments conducted on ___________ during World War II.

    <p>prisoners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good researcher?

    <p>Dishonest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of how people find their experiences meaningful is known as ______.

    <p>Phenomenology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research ethics is crucial in ensuring that research is valid and trustworthy.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of good research?

    <p>Subjective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is plagiarism in research?

    <p>Using the ideas, writings, and drawings of others as your own without proper attribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of qualitative research with its description:

    <p>Ethnography = Study of a culture or group's organizational setup, internal operation, and lifestyle Phenomenology = Study of how people find their experiences meaningful Content &amp; Discourse Analysis = Analysis of the substance or content of communication (letters, books, etc.) Historical Analysis = Discovers a new theory to underlie the study during data collection and analysis Narrative Research = Narrates the life experiences of an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ethical principle to its description:

    <p>Right to voluntary participation = Participants freely choose to participate in the research. Right to informed consent = Participants are given clear information about the risks and benefits of participating. Right to confidentiality = Researchers protect the identity of participants, but it is possible to link data to individuals. Right to anonymity = Researchers cannot link data to specific individuals, ensuring complete privacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research can help individuals become better problem solvers and decision-makers.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ research describes a phenomenon or event through observation and senses, collecting data in the form of words or statements.

    <p>Qualitative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following research ethics principles with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Honesty = Strive for consistency in research activities Objectivity = Undistorted by emotion or bias Integrity = Strive to promote social good Social Responsibility = Protect confidential communications and personal information Confidentiality = Know and obey relevant laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List three benefits of conducting research.

    <p>Gather relevant information Improve the quality of life Helps you understand history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of scientific dishonesty in research?

    <p>Fabricating data to support a desired outcome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A research output should always showcase originality and novel ideas.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two areas of scientific dishonesty in research.

    <p>Fabrication and falsification of data, plagiarism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a limitation of qualitative research?

    <p>Qualitative research is always more objective than quantitative research. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A scientific hypothesis provides answers to questions based on the RRL (Relevant Research Literature).

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic that differentiates a scientific hypothesis from a statistical hypothesis?

    <p>A scientific hypothesis is based on research literature, while a statistical hypothesis focuses on a population parameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the advantages of qualitative research is that it can reveal ______ and ______ about the research subjects and/or topic.

    <p>subtleties, complexities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following qualitative research limitations with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Research quality is heavily dependent on the individual skills of the researcher and more easily influenced by the researcher’s personal biases. = Issues of anonymity and confidentiality can present problems when presenting findings. Rigor is more difficult to maintain, assess and demonstrate. = The volume of data makes analysis and interpretation time consuming. The researcher’s presence during data gathering, which is often unavoidable in qualitative research, can affect the subjects’ responses. = It is sometimes not as well understood and accepted as quantitative research within the scientific community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a guideline for choosing a research topic?

    <p>The subject matter should be controversial to provoke debate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data based on human experience is always more compelling than quantitative data.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using qualitative research in a study?

    <p>Qualitative research can uncover subtle and complex aspects of a topic that may be missed by quantitative methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following research methods involves a long-term study of a phenomenon using a variety of data sources?

    <p>Case Study (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The alternative hypothesis proposes that there is no relationship between variables.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym RRL stand for in the context of qualitative research?

    <p>Related Literature Review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of a particular cultural group to gain a deeper understanding of their customs, beliefs, and practices is known as ______.

    <p>ethnography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following research question types with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Factor-Isolating = Questions that isolate, categorize, describe, or name factors and situations Factor-Relating = Questions that determine the relationships among factors Situation-Relating = Questions that involve hypothesis testing and manipulation of variables Situation-Producing = Questions that require a proposed output or action plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a guideline for formulating qualitative research problems?

    <p>Formulate research questions that can be answered with 'yes' or 'no'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'measurable' characteristic of research objectives implies that data collected can be quantified.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the difference between 'factor-relating' and 'situation-relating' research questions.

    <p>Factor-relating questions explore the relationships between identified factors, while situation-relating questions focus on manipulating variables to understand their impact on a specific situation. Situation-relating questions often involve hypothesis testing and experimental designs, while factor-relating questions tend to be non-experimental.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Research Ethics

    The moral principles guiding research to ensure integrity and validity.

    Plagiarism

    Using someone else's ideas or work without crediting them.

    Fabrication

    Making up data or results in research.

    Integrity in Research

    Striving for consistency and honesty in research practices.

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    Qualitative Research

    Research that describes phenomena through observation and experience.

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    Confidentiality in Research

    Protecting personal information and sensitive communications.

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    Carefulness in Research

    Maintaining accurate records and proper research documentation.

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    Objectives in Research

    Goals that guide the focus and direction of the research study.

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    Voluntary Participation

    Participants have the right to choose whether to partake in research without coercion.

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    Informed Consent

    Participants should be fully aware of the research details and risks before agreeing to participate.

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    Protection from Harm

    Research must ensure that participants are not subjected to physical or mental harm.

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    Confidentiality

    Researchers must keep personal information of participants secret and secure.

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    Anonymity

    Participants' identities should not be linked to their data, ensuring they cannot be personally identified.

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    Nuremberg Code

    Set of ethical guidelines to protect research subjects developed in response to WWII atrocities.

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    Empirical Research

    Research based on observable and measurable facts or data.

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    Systematic Research

    Research that follows a structured method or procedure to ensure consistency and reliability.

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    Alternative Hypothesis

    Suggests positive relationships between variables being studied.

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    Case Study

    A long-term study using interviews, observations, and document analysis.

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    Ethnography

    Study of a specific cultural group for deeper understanding.

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    Research Question Characteristics

    Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound questions.

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    Factor-Isolating Questions

    Determine and categorize specific factors within a study.

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    Factor-Relating Questions

    Examine relationships between identified factors without experiments.

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    Situation-Relating Questions

    Involves hypothesis testing with manipulated variables.

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    Situation-Producing Questions

    Require proposals to achieve goals or solve problems.

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    Competence in Research

    The ability to maintain and improve professional skills in research.

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    Human Subjects Protection

    Minimizing risks and maximizing benefits for participants in research.

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    Phenomenology

    A qualitative approach studying how people find meaning in their experiences.

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    Inductive Reasoning

    A logical process used in qualitative analysis, developing generalizations from specific observations.

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    Content Analysis

    Examines substance or content in communication forms like letters or videos.

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    Narrative Research

    A qualitative method that tells the life experiences of individuals.

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    Qualitative Research Limitations

    Factors that limit the effectiveness of qualitative research.

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    Research Topic Selection Criteria

    Guidelines for choosing a relevant and feasible research topic.

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    Transferability in Research

    The ability to apply findings from one case to another context.

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    Subtlety in Qualitative Research

    The complex details often revealed through qualitative methods.

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    Difficulties in Data Analysis

    Challenges faced when analyzing large volumes of qualitative data.

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    Researcher Influence

    How a researcher's presence can alter subjects' responses.

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    Types of Hypotheses

    Different kinds of hypotheses used in qualitative research.

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    Anonymity Issues

    Challenges related to maintaining participant confidentiality in research.

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    Study Notes

    Practical Research

    • Research is re-searching, meaning to look again for something, creating new knowledge or using existing knowledge
    • Importance of research:
      • Improves quality of life
      • Enhances personal/professional development
      • Aids in decision-making
      • Improves problem-solving skills
      • Fosters critical and creative thinking

    Characteristics of Good Research

    • Empirical: Uses facts and data
    • Analytical: Careful analysis of data before conclusions
    • Systematic: Follows a specific method or procedure for results
    • Cyclic: Starts with a problem and ends with a solution
    • Original: Creates new ideas; unique product

    Characteristics of a Good Researcher

    • Research-oriented: Focused on research
    • Efficient: Effective time management
    • Active: Involved in the research process
    • Scientific: Adheres to scientific method
    • Resourceful: Able to find needed resources
    • Effective: Achieves desired outcomes
    • Creative: Innovative and imaginative
    • Honest: Ethical and truthful
    • Economical: Efficient use of resources
    • Reliable: Dependable and consistent

    Research Ethics

    • Honesty: Truthful and unbiased
    • Objectivity: Unbiased by personal feelings or opinions
    • Integrity: Consistent in actions and behavior
    • Carefulness: Careful record-keeping
    • Openness: Willing to share information
    • Respect for intellectual property: Recognizing ownership
    • Confidentiality: Protecting personal information
    • Legality: Adhering to relevant laws
    • Social responsibility: Promoting societal good
    • Competence: Maintaining professional skills
    • Animal care: Caring for animal subjects; responsible use
    • Human subject protection: Minimizing harm; maximizing benefits

    Human Rights in Research

    • Right to voluntary participation: Choice to participate or not
    • Right to informed consent: Understanding the research
    • Right to be protected from harm: Prevent physical and mental harm
    • Right to confidentiality: Protecting participant details
    • Right to anonymity: Preventing person identification

    The Nuremberg Code

    • Protected subjects from Nazi medical experiments
    • Emphasized voluntary consent, avoidance of harm to subjects, benefits must outweigh risks, qualified researchers

    Areas of Dishonesty in Scientific Research

    • Plagiarism: Using other's work as your own
    • Fabrication and falsification: Inventing or altering data
    • Non-publication of data: Withholding data
    • Data-gathering errors: Faulty methods
    • Poor data handling: Improper storage
    • Data retention problems: Improper management of data

    Qualitative Research

    • Describes a phenomenon or event; uses observations
    • Data collected in words or statements; subjective
    • Research progresses as the study unfolds
    • Reported through narrative interpretation

    Quantitative Research

    • Uses numerical data; objective
    • Research literature reviewed before the study
    • Reports findings using statistics

    Strengths of Qualitative Research

    • In-depth and detailed examination of issues
    • Flexible question design
    • Adaptation during the study
    • Powerful human experience-based data

    Limitations of Qualitative Research

    • Researcher bias
    • Subjectivity and limited rigor
    • Time-consuming analysis
    • Less accepted in scientific community

    Qualitative Research Questions

    • Factor isolating: Identifying factors
    • Factor relating: Establishing relationships between factors
    • Situation relating: Hypothesis-testing; manipulating variables
    • Situation producing: Generating proposals for solving problems

    Characteristics of Good Research Problems

    • Specific: Clearly define the variables
    • Measurable: Variables can be measured
    • Attainable: Achievable goals
    • Realistic: Feasible objectives
    • Time-bound: Specific timeframe

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of practical research, including its importance and characteristics of good research. It also explores the traits that define an effective researcher, focusing on skills and methodologies that enhance the research process. Discover how research can improve quality of life and foster critical thinking.

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