24 Questions
What does an archival study case primarily involve?
A long-time study of a person, group, or organization
What is the primary focus of ethnography?
Examining the culture and lifestyle of a group or community
What is the meaning of the term 'phenomenon' in the context of phenomenology?
Experience or perception
What type of analysis is used to examine language structures and their sociological, cultural, institutional, and ideological factors?
Content and discourse analysis
What is the primary purpose of historical analysis?
To examine the primary documents to understand the connection of past events to the present time
What type of study is 'A Phenomenological Study among Senior High School Students of Legazpi City National High School (LCNHS) undergoing Romantic Relationship Breakups' an example of?
Phenomenology
What is the primary concern of research design in a study?
Planning and procedures for research from broad assumptions to detailed methods
What is the characteristic of qualitative research that involves studying a phenomenon in a real-life situation?
Diversified data in real-life situations
Which of the following is NOT a type of qualitative research method?
Experiment
What sampling technique was used to locate the four former diocesan priests in the study?
Snowball Sampling
What is the purpose of the 'Procedures' subsection in a research plan?
To outline the steps involved in data collection and analysis
What does Grounded Theory involve in research?
Discovering a new theory during data gathering and analysis
What type of research involves examining primary and secondary documents?
Archival Research
What type of research is Snowball Sampling commonly used in?
Qualitative research
What is the primary advantage of face-to-face interviews in data collection?
Enables the researcher to build rapport with the participant
What is a strength of Qualitative Research?
It promotes a full understanding of human behaviors
What should the questions in the instrument/questionnaire be based on?
Research questions
Which of the following is a type of mediated interview?
Online Interview via Zoom
What is a weakness of Qualitative Research?
It involves the researcher's subjectivity in data analysis
What type of interview is characterized by free-flowing questions?
Unstructured Interview
What is a type of Field Study that involves observing participants without their knowledge?
Naturalistic-Observation
What is the primary purpose of using Purposive Sampling?
To select participants based on their specific characteristics or qualities
What type of interview involves a group discussion?
Focus Group Discussion
What is an essential aspect to consider when selecting participants for a study?
All of the above
Study Notes
Research Methods
- Archival study: a long-time study of a person, group, organization, or social situation to understand why certain behaviors occur.
- Ethnography: a study of the culture and lifestyle of a group or community to reveal their cultural characteristics.
- Phenomenology: a study of how people understand their own experiences and the meanings they attach to them.
Content and Discourse Analysis
- Analyzes content (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, Letters, Books, Photos) and language structures to examine sociological, cultural, institutional, and ideological factors.
Historical Analysis
- Examines primary documents to understand the connection between past events and the present time.
Research Design and Procedures
- Research design includes the method used in the study, plans, and procedures for research.
- Decisions are made from broad assumptions to detailed methods of data collection and analysis.
- Data collection methods include:
- Face-to-face interviews
- Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
- Mediated Interview (via online platforms)
Qualitative Research
- Characteristics:
- Human understanding and interpretation
- Active, powerful, and forceful
- Multiple research approaches and methods
- Specificity to generalization
- Contextualization
- Diversified data in real-life situations
- Abounds with words and visuals
- Internal analysis
- Methods:
- Case Study
- Ethnography
- Phenomenology
- Content and Discourse Analysis
- Historical Analysis
- Grounded Theory
- Field Study
- Archival Research
Grounded Theory
- Discovers a new theory during data gathering and analysis.
- Finds a theory that applies to the current study.
- Uses interviews, observations, and documentary analysis.
Field Study
- Either Naturalistic-Observation or Participant-Observation.
- Naturalistic-Observation: without the knowledge of participants.
- Participant-Observation: with the knowledge of participants.
Archival Research
- Examines primary/secondary documents to know the cases.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative Research
- Strengths:
- Promotes a full understanding of human behaviors.
- Instrumental for positive societal changes.
- A way of understanding and interpreting social interactions.
- Weaknesses:
- Involves the researcher's subjectivity in data analysis.
- Difficult to know the validity and reliability of the data.
- Time-consuming.
Sampling Methods
- Participants:
- The participants of the study.
- Includes the location of the participants.
- What sampling technique to be used.
- The age range of the participants.
- Techniques:
- Snowball Sampling: referral.
- Purposive Sampling: for the purpose of the study/existing.
- Convenient Sampling: availability/willingness to participate.
- Stratified Sampling: by group/cluster.
- Random Sampling: anyone can be chosen as respondents.
- Quota Sampling: target number of respondents.
Interview Instrument
- The instrument/questionnaire will be used during the interview.
- Questions should be based on objectives/research questions.
- Types of interviews:
- Structured Interview: prepared questions.
- Semi-Structured Interview: follow-up questions.
- Unstructured Interview: free-flowing questions.
- Face-to-face Interview: one-by-one.
- Focus Group Discussion (FGD): group together.
Test your knowledge of research design methods and procedures, including participants, instruments, and data analysis. Review key concepts and procedures for conducting research studies.
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