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Questions and Answers
Which components make up the majority of blood volume?
What is one of the primary functions of blood in the body?
What percentage of blood fluid is water?
Which of the following is NOT a component of blood?
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Why might red blood cell counts increase in the body?
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What is one of the main functions of blood?
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What is the significance of red blood cells containing hemoglobin?
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Why is it important to dilute the blood specimen in a red blood cell count test?
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Which fluid can be used for diluting blood when conducting a red blood cell count?
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What happens to platelets when bleeding occurs?
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What does a red blood cells count help diagnose?
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Under what magnification should cells be counted using a Neubauer’s counting chamber?
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What is a potential consequence of using normal saline in blood dilution?
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What is the purpose of using a pipette in the blood dilution process?
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What is the standard dilution factor achieved by adding 10µL of EDTA blood to 1.99mL of diluting fluid?
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What is the primary component of Hayem’s solution for RBCs diluting fluid?
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How long should the pipette be rotated before filling the hemocytometer?
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What should be done to the outside of the pipette after it has aspirated blood?
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Which objective lens is used for scanning the counting area of the Neubauer chamber?
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Which of the following ingredients is NOT part of Hayem's solution?
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How many total small squares are counted to determine the number of red blood cells?
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What is the size of the Neubauer chamber’s counting grid?
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What is the depth of the chamber used for counting cells?
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Which of the following squares should not be counted in the cell counting process?
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How many large squares are in the central grid of the Neubauer chamber?
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What is the reference range of red blood cells for adult males?
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What is a possible cause of erythrocytopenia?
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How many small squares are included in each of the four corner squares of the Neubauer chamber?
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Which deficiency is commonly associated with megaloblastic anemia?
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Study Notes
Practical Blood Physiology - Lab 2: Manual Red Blood Cell Count
- Course: Practical blood physiology
- Year: 2nd year
- Academic Year: 2023-2024
- Lab: 2
- Topic: Manual red blood cell count
- Lecturer: Karrar Abduljabar Alqershi, M.Lab.Med
Learning Objectives
- Define blood, its components, and primary functions.
- Understand the process and principles of manual red blood cell (RBC) counting.
- Calculate and interpret RBC count results.
- Know normal RBC reference ranges for males and females.
- Identify reasons for increased or decreased RBC counts.
What is Blood?
- Blood is a specialized bodily fluid.
- It circulates throughout the body.
- It transports essential substances (sugar, oxygen, hormones).
- It removes waste from the body's cells.
Blood Composition:
- Plasma (approximately 55%):
- 92% water
- Remainder includes: carbon dioxide, glucose, hormones, proteins, mineral salts, fats, and vitamins.
- Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets (approximately 45%).
Functions of Blood
- Supplying oxygen to cells and tissues.
- Providing essential nutrients to cells (amino acids, fatty acids, glucose).
- Removing waste (carbon dioxide, urea, lactic acid).
- Protecting the body from infection and foreign objects (via white blood cells).
- Transporting hormones and other signaling molecules.
- Regulating acidity (pH) levels and body temperature.
- Enabling blood clotting (coagulation): platelets group together to form a clot.
Manual Red Blood Cell Count: Purpose and Principle
- Purpose: Determine the number of red blood cells.
- Idea: Red blood cells (RBCs) contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen. The number of RBCs impacts oxygen transport.
- Principle: The blood is diluted with fluid (isotonic solution like normal saline) to prevent cell lysis and potential rouleaux formation. The diluted cells are counted using a counting chamber under a microscope.
- A standardized counting method is used to provide reliable results
- The final result is expressed as the number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter of whole blood (e.g., 4.73 x 10^9 cells/µL blood.)
Materials
- Whole blood with EDTA or direct capillary blood.
- RBC diluting fluid (e.g., Hayem's solution).
- Red blood cells pipette.
- Neubauer's counting chamber.
- Microscope, lancets, cotton swabs, alcohol (70%).
Method (Detailed Procedure)
- Procedure for sample collection (finger prick, pipette use, dilution etc).
- Method for preparing Neubauer's chamber for counting.
- Method for counting red blood cells using correct microscope settings and criteria.
- Procedure for calculating the final red blood cell count.
Counting the Cells (Chamber)
- Use specified squares to calculate
- Instructions for accurate cell counting within the counting chamber.
- Exclusion criteria for cells touching or touching the borders of the squares are carefully defined and provided..
Calculations
- Calculate the average number of cells counted.
- Calculate the number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter.
Reference Ranges and Clinical Significance
- Normal red blood cell counts for adult males and females
- What decreased red blood cell count might indicate.
- What increased red blood cell count might indicate.
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Description
This quiz covers the key concepts from Practical Blood Physiology Lab 2, focusing on manual red blood cell counting. Students will learn about blood composition, the principles of RBC counting, interpretation of results, and normal reference ranges for RBC counts. Assess your knowledge of blood physiology and counting techniques.
