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Questions and Answers
Which one of these disaccharides is a reducing sugar?
Which one of these disaccharides is a reducing sugar?
Which one of these disaccharides is a non-reducing sugar?
Which one of these disaccharides is a non-reducing sugar?
Which one of these sugars can be oxidized at the aldehyde carbon to form an acid?
Which one of these sugars can be oxidized at the aldehyde carbon to form an acid?
Which one of these sugars is a polyol?
Which one of these sugars is a polyol?
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Which monosaccharide is absorbed from the intestinal lumen to blood via facilitated diffusion?
Which monosaccharide is absorbed from the intestinal lumen to blood via facilitated diffusion?
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Which transporter is responsible for the absorption of glucose and galactose against their concentration gradient?
Which transporter is responsible for the absorption of glucose and galactose against their concentration gradient?
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Which transporter is responsible for the absorption of glucose, galactose, and fructose into the blood?
Which transporter is responsible for the absorption of glucose, galactose, and fructose into the blood?
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Which GLUT transporter is present in extremely high concentrations in red blood cells?
Which GLUT transporter is present in extremely high concentrations in red blood cells?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of homopolysaccharides?
Which of the following is a characteristic of homopolysaccharides?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of amylopectin?
Which of the following is a characteristic of amylopectin?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of glycogen?
Which of the following is a characteristic of glycogen?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of cellulose?
Which of the following is a characteristic of cellulose?
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Which enzyme hydrolyzes internal $\alpha$-1,4-bonds between glucosyl residues at random intervals in the polysaccharide chains?
Which enzyme hydrolyzes internal $\alpha$-1,4-bonds between glucosyl residues at random intervals in the polysaccharide chains?
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Where is the activity of glucoamylase highest?
Where is the activity of glucoamylase highest?
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Which enzyme breaks the $\alpha$-1,4-bonds and $\alpha$-1,6-bonds?
Which enzyme breaks the $\alpha$-1,4-bonds and $\alpha$-1,6-bonds?
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Which type of intolerance is caused by bacterial fermentation of lactose in the colon?
Which type of intolerance is caused by bacterial fermentation of lactose in the colon?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the body?
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Which of the following is NOT a major monosaccharide found in the human body and diet?
Which of the following is NOT a major monosaccharide found in the human body and diet?
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Which of the following is the correct diagram of how glucose is transported across intestinal epithelial cells and into the bloodstream?
Which of the following is the correct diagram of how glucose is transported across intestinal epithelial cells and into the bloodstream?
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Which of the following is the correct role of glucose transporters (GLUTs) in the transport of glucose into and out of cells?
Which of the following is the correct role of glucose transporters (GLUTs) in the transport of glucose into and out of cells?
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Which of the following is true about monosaccharides?
Which of the following is true about monosaccharides?
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Which of the following is true about aldoses and ketoses?
Which of the following is true about aldoses and ketoses?
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Which of the following is true about D-sugars and L-sugars?
Which of the following is true about D-sugars and L-sugars?
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Which of the following is true about ring structures of monosaccharides?
Which of the following is true about ring structures of monosaccharides?
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Which of the following is true about the Vmax for glucose transport into the brain?
Which of the following is true about the Vmax for glucose transport into the brain?
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Which of the following is true about the transport of glucose in muscles and adipose cells?
Which of the following is true about the transport of glucose in muscles and adipose cells?
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Which of the following is true about the stimulation of glucose transport by insulin in adipose tissue?
Which of the following is true about the stimulation of glucose transport by insulin in adipose tissue?
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Which of the following is true about the stimulation of glucose transport by insulin in skeletal muscle?
Which of the following is true about the stimulation of glucose transport by insulin in skeletal muscle?
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Which of the following is true about the release of insulin from beta cells of the pancreas?
Which of the following is true about the release of insulin from beta cells of the pancreas?
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Which of the following is true about the stimulation of insulin release from beta cells of the pancreas?
Which of the following is true about the stimulation of insulin release from beta cells of the pancreas?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar.
- Lactose is a reducing sugar.
- Sucrose can be oxidized at the aldehyde carbon to form an acid.
- Sorbitol is a polyol.
Absorption of Sugars
- Galactose is absorbed from the intestinal lumen to blood via facilitated diffusion.
- Glucose and galactose are absorbed against their concentration gradient by the transporter SGLT1.
- Glucose, galactose, and fructose are absorbed into the blood by the transporter GLUT2.
GLUT Transporters
- GLUT1 transporter is present in extremely high concentrations in red blood cells.
Polysaccharides
- Homopolysaccharides are composed of a single type of monosaccharide.
- Amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide.
- Glycogen is a branched polysaccharide stored in liver and muscle cells.
- Cellulose is a linear polysaccharide.
Enzymes
- α-Amylase hydrolyzes internal α-1,4-bonds between glucosyl residues at random intervals in the polysaccharide chains.
- Glucoamylase has highest activity in the small intestine.
- Amyloglucosidase breaks the α-1,4-bonds and α-1,6-bonds.
Lactose Intolerance
- Lactose intolerance is caused by bacterial fermentation of lactose in the colon.
Functions of Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates provide energy, spare protein, and are components of nucleic acids, glycoproteins, and glycolipids.
Monosaccharides
- The major monosaccharides found in the human body and diet are glucose, galactose, fructose, and ribose.
Transport of Glucose
- Glucose is transported across intestinal epithelial cells and into the bloodstream via GLUT2 and SGLT1 transporters.
Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)
- GLUTs facilitate the transport of glucose into and out of cells.
Monosaccharide Characteristics
- Monosaccharides can be classified as aldoses or ketoses.
- D-sugars are found in nature, while L-sugars are not.
- Monosaccharides can exist in ring structures.
Glucose Transport in Cells
- Glucose transport into the brain is not saturated, meaning it can be increased with increased GLUT transporters.
- Glucose transport in muscles and adipose cells is stimulated by insulin.
- Insulin stimulates glucose transport in adipose tissue by increasing GLUT4 transporter activity.
- Insulin stimulates glucose transport in skeletal muscle by increasing GLUT4 transporter activity.
Insulin Release
- Insulin release from beta cells of the pancreas is stimulated by high glucose levels.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the absorption of dietary carbohydrates with this quiz. Learn about the main monosaccharides that are absorbed from the intestinal lumen to blood, including glucose, galactose, and fructose. Explore the process of secondary active transport and enhance your understanding of this topic.
