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Questions and Answers
What is the cause of Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF)?
What is the cause of Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF)?
- Streptococcus equi
- Burkholderia mallei
- Pasteurella multocida
- Ovine herpesvirus-2 (correct)
Strangles is a viral disease affecting cattle.
Strangles is a viral disease affecting cattle.
False (B)
What is the primary symptom of Glanders in horses?
What is the primary symptom of Glanders in horses?
Nodules with purulent material
Malignant catarrhal fever causes extensive mucosal erosions from the oral cavity to the ______.
Malignant catarrhal fever causes extensive mucosal erosions from the oral cavity to the ______.
Match the diseases with their respective causes:
Match the diseases with their respective causes:
Which of the following is NOT a form of Glanders?
Which of the following is NOT a form of Glanders?
The adult fly responsible for nasal bots in sheep is called Oestrus ovis.
The adult fly responsible for nasal bots in sheep is called Oestrus ovis.
What major microscopic finding is associated with Malignant Catarrhal Fever?
What major microscopic finding is associated with Malignant Catarrhal Fever?
What is one of the primary causes of epistaxis?
What is one of the primary causes of epistaxis?
Hemoptysis refers to the presence of blood in the mouth.
Hemoptysis refers to the presence of blood in the mouth.
What is the morbid diagnosis (MDx) for inflammation of the nasal cavity?
What is the morbid diagnosis (MDx) for inflammation of the nasal cavity?
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis is caused by the __________ virus.
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis is caused by the __________ virus.
Match the following forms of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis with their characteristics:
Match the following forms of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis with their characteristics:
What characterizes acute rhinitis?
What characterizes acute rhinitis?
Chronic rhinitis is considered the least severe form of rhinitis.
Chronic rhinitis is considered the least severe form of rhinitis.
What complication can arise from rhinitis leading to accumulation of pus in the sinus?
What complication can arise from rhinitis leading to accumulation of pus in the sinus?
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Study Notes
Nasal Cavity Conditions
- Epistaxis: Nosebleeds caused by trauma, foreign bodies, neoplasms, or specific conditions in animals like squamous cell tumors in cats and ruptured pulmonary vessels in cattle.
- Hemoptysis: Blood coughed up or present in the mouth, indicating respiratory issues.
- Rhinitis: Inflammation of the nasal cavity presenting with unilateral or bilateral nasal discharge, classified as acute, subacute, or chronic.
- Sequels of Rhinitis: May lead to lymphadenitis or empyema (pus accumulation in sinuses).
Diseases of the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses in Cattle
- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR): Acute viral disease caused by Bovine herpesvirus 1, featuring respiratory and genital forms, and potential for abortion.
- Gross Symptoms of IBR: Hyperemia of nares, erosion and ulceration in the upper respiratory tract, and mucosal membranes may have a yellowish pseudomembrane.
- Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF): Multi-systemic disease caused by Ovine herpesvirus-2, leading to corneal opacity, gastrointestinal erosions, and respiratory complications.
Diseases in Horses
- Strangles: Bacterial disease caused by Streptococcus equi characterized by purulent rhinitis and lymphadenitis with abscesses, leading to potential complications like purpura hemorrhagica and laryngeal hemiplegia.
- Glanders: Highly contagious granulomatous disease caused by Burkholderia mallei, presenting as nasal, cutaneous, and pulmonary forms with distinct nodules and crusting.
Other Species Conditions
- Nasal Bots (Myiasis): Caused by Oestrus ovis, where larvae invade the nasal cavity following ingestion of eggs.
- Bacterial Infections in Sheep: Involvement of Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica alongside foreign body rhinitis is common.
Canine Respiratory Viruses
- Significant pathogens include:
- Canine Distemper Virus: Causes systemic illness affecting respiratory signs.
- Canine Adenovirus (CAV-2): Associated with kennel cough.
- Canine Parainfluenza virus (CPI-1): Another contributor to kennel cough.
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