PPNC Exam 1 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

How is a community defined?

A group of people, often living in a defined geographical area, who share a common culture, values and norms, and are engaged in a social structure according to relationships which the community has developed over a period of time.

What is individual health in a community setting?

Nurses working with individuals in a community setting.

What is population-centered practice?

Seeking a healthful change for the whole community's benefit.

What is ecology?

<p>The branch of biology which studies the interactions among organisms and their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is passive participation?

<p>Community residents are viewed as sources of information and receivers of information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is partnership in community health?

<p>Being informed, flexibility, and negotiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts of a community nursing diagnosis?

<p>Risk of - what are the strengths, challenges/problems; Among - who are you wanting to help; Related to - what is the level of knowledge or motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps of evidence-based practice?

<p>Develop the question, search and collect the best evidence, evaluate the quality of the evidence, integrate evidence into practice, evaluate outcomes of practice change, disseminate the evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five social determinants of health?

<p>Education, Neighborhood and Built Environment, Economic Stability, Health and Health Care, Social and Community Context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the largest group of practicing nurse professionals?

<p>Medical Surgical nurses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Nursing Executive Center of The Advisory Board focus on?

<p>Data collection and best practices, reported an academic-practice gap for recent graduates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do new nurses lack the most competency according to the Nursing Executive Center of The Advisory Board?

<p>Knowledge of pathophysiology of patient conditions, knowledge of pharmacological implications of medications, decision making based upon the nursing process, interpretation of assessment data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the foundation of professional nursing care?

<p>Evidence based practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different levels of evidence based practice?

<p>Level I: Systematic reviews of RCTs; Level II: At least one RCT; Level III: Quasi-experimental studies; Level IV: Case-control and cohort studies; Level V: Systematic reviews of descriptive or qualitative studies; Level VI: A single descriptive or qualitative study; Level VII: Expert opinion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is systematic reviews of RCTs considered?

<p>The highest level of evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are randomized control studies?

<p>Considered the gold standard of research, with their findings most valuable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are quasi-experimental studies?

<p>Use control and experimental groups but lack random assignment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a case-control study?

<p>Two groups, those with a specific disorder and those without.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are cohort studies?

<p>Use a group of people who are initially free of disease and are followed over a period to examine new cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Has there been an increasing or decreasing amount of one-on-one time with physicians and patients?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the importance of patient-centered care highlighted?

<p>Institute of Medicine's report and The Joint Commission Standards for Hospitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who publishes the National Patient Safety Goals and what do they aim to do?

<p>The Joint Commission aims at improving patient safety through goals that focus on potential problems in the health-care setting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does SBAR stand for?

<p>Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Community and Individual Health

  • A community comprises people sharing a culture, values, norms, and relationships over time, shaping identity.
  • Individual health involves nurses supporting individuals in community environments.

Population-Centered Practice

  • Aims for beneficial health changes across entire communities.

Ecology and Community Dynamics

  • Ecology studies organism interactions with their environment, including biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors.

Participation and Partnership

  • Passive participation sees residents as sources and receivers of information.
  • Successful partnerships require being informed, flexible, and open to negotiation.

Community Nursing Diagnosis

  • Three components are:
    • Risk of: Assessing strengths and challenges.
    • Among: Identifying the target population.
    • Related to: Understanding knowledge and motivation levels.

Evidence-Based Practice Steps

  • Develop a guiding question.
  • Search and collect quality evidence.
  • Evaluate evidence quality.
  • Integrate evidence into practice.
  • Assess outcomes from changes.
  • Disseminate findings effectively.

Social Determinants of Health

  • Key factors impacting health include:
    • Education
    • Neighborhood and Built Environment
    • Economic Stability
    • Health and Health Care
    • Social and Community Context

Nursing Profession Insights

  • Medical-Surgical nurses represent the largest practicing group of nursing professionals.
  • Recent graduates noted a significant academic-practice gap.

Competency Gaps of New Nurses

  • New nurses often lack competencies in:
    • Pathophysiology knowledge
    • Pharmacological implications
    • Decision-making using the nursing process
    • Assessment data interpretation

Foundation of Professional Nursing

  • Evidence-based practice is the cornerstone of professional nursing care.

Levels of Evidence-Based Practice

  • Levels range from systematic reviews of randomized controlled studies (Level I) to expert opinions (Level VII).

Evidence Hierarchy

  • Systematic reviews (Level I) hold the highest evidence value.
  • Randomized control studies are considered the gold standard in research.
  • Quasi-experimental studies lack random assignment but still utilize control and experimental groups.

Study Designs

  • Case-control studies compare individuals with and without a disorder.
  • Cohort studies follow a group free of disease over time to observe new case developments based on exposures.
  • There has been a decrease in one-on-one time between physicians and patients.

Patient-Centered Care Importance

  • Emphasized in the Institute of Medicine's report and The Joint Commission's hospital standards.

National Patient Safety Goals

  • Published by The Joint Commission, these goals aim to enhance patient safety by addressing potential healthcare problems.

Communication Framework

  • SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation; a standardized communication tool.

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