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Power Tools

• Operate entirely or partially by power, such as electricity or compressed air, to complete work easier, faster, or more accurately
• Examples: electric drills, grinders, and air hammers

Hand Grinders

• Used to remove material from a workpiece in the field, by abrasive means
• Tasks:
  • Wire brushing rust and paint
  • Grinding surfaces flat
  • Removing welding or other protrusions
  • Buffing or polishing to finish a workpiece

Safety Check

• Wear appropriate PPE when using a grinder, including:
  • Safety glasses with side shields and a face shield
  • Respiratory protection
  • Hearing protection
• Clear the area nearby of combustibles
• May require a hot-work permit, depending on the job location
• Ensure long hair is tied back and concealed, and long sleeves are rolled up
• Jewelry should not be worn while grinding
• Never remove the guard from a power grinder
• Select grinding wheels for the RPM of the grinder in use
• Ensure the wheel is not in contact with the work when starting the grinder

Fixed Grinders

• Bench and floor mounted grinders used for a wide variety of jobs
• Examples: sharpening tools, shaping workpieces, and removing material
• Consist of a double-ended sealed motor with a threaded mounting shaft for grinding wheels
• Wheel guards are attached to the motor and surround most of the wheel
• Movable safety glass shield covers the opening in the guard for further protection
• Notched metal plate attached in front of each wheel supports the work during grinding
• Gap between the wheel and plate should be as small as possible

Safety Check

• Wear a full-face shield for protection from flying grinding particles
• Dip the workpiece in water frequently to prevent overheating and operator burns
• Examine wheels closely prior to each use
• Chip or nicked wheels should be dressed with a dressing tool
• Wheels with cracks should be discarded immediately
• Use the whole face of the wheel when grinding
• Move the workpiece back and forth slowly across the wheel

Abrasive Wheels

• Use hard abrasive particles to remove or finish materials
• Classified and marked using six categories:
  • Abrasive type
  • Grain size
  • Grade
  • Structure
  • Bond type
  • Manufacturer's record
• Two common abrasive types: aluminum oxide and silicon carbide
• Grain sizes range from coarse to very fine
• Grade refers to the grit bond strength
• Structure refers to the range of grains from dense to open type
• Bond type identifies the method used to hold the grains together

Wheel Speed

• Manufacturers list the maximum speed for a particular grinding wheel
• Important to operate within the recommended speed to prevent wheel disintegration and injury

Drilling Machines

• Hand drills used for:
  • Drilling
  • Buffing
  • Grinding
  • Driving
  • Removing screws
• Consist of:
  • Air-cooled motor
  • Gear reducer
  • Chuck
  • Trigger switch
• Hand drill size refers to the maximum diameter drill bit that will fit into the drill chuck
• Hand drills available with fixed, two-speed, and variable speed options
• Some drills have reversible rotation and other options

Safety Check

• Maintain a firm grip on the drill and a good footing
• Ensure the drill bit is held tightly in the chuck
• Avoid using a larger size drill for heavy drilling to prevent overloading and damage

Drill Press

• Available in a range of sizes and types, from small bench type to large radial arm, floor-mounted type
• Used for:
  • Counter boring
  • Spot facing
  • Reaming
  • Grinding
  • Tapping
• Drill presses vary in size, determined by the distance from the edge of the column to the center of the spindle

Twist Drill Bits

• End cutting tools used to produce holes in most types of materials
• Made from carbon steel or high-speed steel
• High-speed drill bits considered better due to higher cutting speeds and longer-lasting cutting edges
• Consist of:
  • Shank
  • Body
  • Point
• Shank: straight or tapered, with a tang on the end to prevent slipping
• Body: made up of flutes, margin, and body clearance
• Point: consists of the chisel edge, lips, lip clearance, and heel

Drilling Procedures

• Lay out holes properly before starting
• Centre punch the center of the hole
• Drill a pilot hole (approximately 3 mm) for holes over 10 mm to prevent bit wander
• Scribe and prick punch the circumference of the hole to ensure the bit has not wandered
• Operate the drill press at the correct speed and rate of feed
• Consult a drilling chart to determine the correct speed
• Use a cutting fluid to provide cooling and lubrication

Power Tools

• Operate entirely or partially by power, such as electricity or compressed air, to complete work easier, faster, or more accurately
• Examples: electric drills, grinders, and air hammers

Hand Grinders

• Used to remove material from a workpiece in the field, by abrasive means
• Tasks:
  • Wire brushing rust and paint
  • Grinding surfaces flat
  • Removing welding or other protrusions
  • Buffing or polishing to finish a workpiece

Safety Check

• Wear appropriate PPE when using a grinder, including:
  • Safety glasses with side shields and a face shield
  • Respiratory protection
  • Hearing protection
• Clear the area nearby of combustibles
• May require a hot-work permit, depending on the job location
• Ensure long hair is tied back and concealed, and long sleeves are rolled up
• Jewelry should not be worn while grinding
• Never remove the guard from a power grinder
• Select grinding wheels for the RPM of the grinder in use
• Ensure the wheel is not in contact with the work when starting the grinder

Fixed Grinders

• Bench and floor mounted grinders used for a wide variety of jobs
• Examples: sharpening tools, shaping workpieces, and removing material
• Consist of a double-ended sealed motor with a threaded mounting shaft for grinding wheels
• Wheel guards are attached to the motor and surround most of the wheel
• Movable safety glass shield covers the opening in the guard for further protection
• Notched metal plate attached in front of each wheel supports the work during grinding
• Gap between the wheel and plate should be as small as possible

Safety Check

• Wear a full-face shield for protection from flying grinding particles
• Dip the workpiece in water frequently to prevent overheating and operator burns
• Examine wheels closely prior to each use
• Chip or nicked wheels should be dressed with a dressing tool
• Wheels with cracks should be discarded immediately
• Use the whole face of the wheel when grinding
• Move the workpiece back and forth slowly across the wheel

Abrasive Wheels

• Use hard abrasive particles to remove or finish materials
• Classified and marked using six categories:
  • Abrasive type
  • Grain size
  • Grade
  • Structure
  • Bond type
  • Manufacturer's record
• Two common abrasive types: aluminum oxide and silicon carbide
• Grain sizes range from coarse to very fine
• Grade refers to the grit bond strength
• Structure refers to the range of grains from dense to open type
• Bond type identifies the method used to hold the grains together

Wheel Speed

• Manufacturers list the maximum speed for a particular grinding wheel
• Important to operate within the recommended speed to prevent wheel disintegration and injury

Drilling Machines

• Hand drills used for:
  • Drilling
  • Buffing
  • Grinding
  • Driving
  • Removing screws
• Consist of:
  • Air-cooled motor
  • Gear reducer
  • Chuck
  • Trigger switch
• Hand drill size refers to the maximum diameter drill bit that will fit into the drill chuck
• Hand drills available with fixed, two-speed, and variable speed options
• Some drills have reversible rotation and other options

Safety Check

• Maintain a firm grip on the drill and a good footing
• Ensure the drill bit is held tightly in the chuck
• Avoid using a larger size drill for heavy drilling to prevent overloading and damage

Drill Press

• Available in a range of sizes and types, from small bench type to large radial arm, floor-mounted type
• Used for:
  • Counter boring
  • Spot facing
  • Reaming
  • Grinding
  • Tapping
• Drill presses vary in size, determined by the distance from the edge of the column to the center of the spindle

Twist Drill Bits

• End cutting tools used to produce holes in most types of materials
• Made from carbon steel or high-speed steel
• High-speed drill bits considered better due to higher cutting speeds and longer-lasting cutting edges
• Consist of:
  • Shank
  • Body
  • Point
• Shank: straight or tapered, with a tang on the end to prevent slipping
• Body: made up of flutes, margin, and body clearance
• Point: consists of the chisel edge, lips, lip clearance, and heel

Drilling Procedures

• Lay out holes properly before starting
• Centre punch the center of the hole
• Drill a pilot hole (approximately 3 mm) for holes over 10 mm to prevent bit wander
• Scribe and prick punch the circumference of the hole to ensure the bit has not wandered
• Operate the drill press at the correct speed and rate of feed
• Consult a drilling chart to determine the correct speed
• Use a cutting fluid to provide cooling and lubrication

Power Tools

• Operate entirely or partially by power, such as electricity or compressed air, to complete work easier, faster, or more accurately
• Examples: electric drills, grinders, and air hammers

Hand Grinders

• Used to remove material from a workpiece in the field, by abrasive means
• Tasks:
  • Wire brushing rust and paint
  • Grinding surfaces flat
  • Removing welding or other protrusions
  • Buffing or polishing to finish a workpiece

Safety Check

• Wear appropriate PPE when using a grinder, including:
  • Safety glasses with side shields and a face shield
  • Respiratory protection
  • Hearing protection
• Clear the area nearby of combustibles
• May require a hot-work permit, depending on the job location
• Ensure long hair is tied back and concealed, and long sleeves are rolled up
• Jewelry should not be worn while grinding
• Never remove the guard from a power grinder
• Select grinding wheels for the RPM of the grinder in use
• Ensure the wheel is not in contact with the work when starting the grinder

Fixed Grinders

• Bench and floor mounted grinders used for a wide variety of jobs
• Examples: sharpening tools, shaping workpieces, and removing material
• Consist of a double-ended sealed motor with a threaded mounting shaft for grinding wheels
• Wheel guards are attached to the motor and surround most of the wheel
• Movable safety glass shield covers the opening in the guard for further protection
• Notched metal plate attached in front of each wheel supports the work during grinding
• Gap between the wheel and plate should be as small as possible

Safety Check

• Wear a full-face shield for protection from flying grinding particles
• Dip the workpiece in water frequently to prevent overheating and operator burns
• Examine wheels closely prior to each use
• Chip or nicked wheels should be dressed with a dressing tool
• Wheels with cracks should be discarded immediately
• Use the whole face of the wheel when grinding
• Move the workpiece back and forth slowly across the wheel

Abrasive Wheels

• Use hard abrasive particles to remove or finish materials
• Classified and marked using six categories:
  • Abrasive type
  • Grain size
  • Grade
  • Structure
  • Bond type
  • Manufacturer's record
• Two common abrasive types: aluminum oxide and silicon carbide
• Grain sizes range from coarse to very fine
• Grade refers to the grit bond strength
• Structure refers to the range of grains from dense to open type
• Bond type identifies the method used to hold the grains together

Wheel Speed

• Manufacturers list the maximum speed for a particular grinding wheel
• Important to operate within the recommended speed to prevent wheel disintegration and injury

Drilling Machines

• Hand drills used for:
  • Drilling
  • Buffing
  • Grinding
  • Driving
  • Removing screws
• Consist of:
  • Air-cooled motor
  • Gear reducer
  • Chuck
  • Trigger switch
• Hand drill size refers to the maximum diameter drill bit that will fit into the drill chuck
• Hand drills available with fixed, two-speed, and variable speed options
• Some drills have reversible rotation and other options

Safety Check

• Maintain a firm grip on the drill and a good footing
• Ensure the drill bit is held tightly in the chuck
• Avoid using a larger size drill for heavy drilling to prevent overloading and damage

Drill Press

• Available in a range of sizes and types, from small bench type to large radial arm, floor-mounted type
• Used for:
  • Counter boring
  • Spot facing
  • Reaming
  • Grinding
  • Tapping
• Drill presses vary in size, determined by the distance from the edge of the column to the center of the spindle

Twist Drill Bits

• End cutting tools used to produce holes in most types of materials
• Made from carbon steel or high-speed steel
• High-speed drill bits considered better due to higher cutting speeds and longer-lasting cutting edges
• Consist of:
  • Shank
  • Body
  • Point
• Shank: straight or tapered, with a tang on the end to prevent slipping
• Body: made up of flutes, margin, and body clearance
• Point: consists of the chisel edge, lips, lip clearance, and heel

Drilling Procedures

• Lay out holes properly before starting
• Centre punch the center of the hole
• Drill a pilot hole (approximately 3 mm) for holes over 10 mm to prevent bit wander
• Scribe and prick punch the circumference of the hole to ensure the bit has not wandered
• Operate the drill press at the correct speed and rate of feed
• Consult a drilling chart to determine the correct speed
• Use a cutting fluid to provide cooling and lubrication