4BE3 U5 C1 Obj 5 EMH
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EASY What is the primary purpose of power tools?

  • To operate manually
  • To complete work easier, faster, or more accurately (correct)
  • To make work more difficult
  • To replace human labor
  • Which of the following tasks can be performed using a hand grinder?

  • Drilling holes
  • Cutting metal
  • Measuring distances
  • Removing material from a work piece (correct)
  • What type of protection is required when using a grinder?

  • Steel-toed boots and gloves
  • Earplugs and a hard hat
  • A dust mask and goggles
  • Safety glasses with side shields and a face shield (correct)
  • Why is it necessary to clear the area nearby of combustibles?

    <p>To prevent fire hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a wheel guard on a grinder?

    <p>To protect the user from grinding or wire particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the spindle friction clamping assembly?

    <p>To apply pressure to the grinding wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with long hair when using a grinder?

    <p>Tie it back and conceal it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of grinder is often used to grind off high spots or welding from flat plate?

    <p>Angle grinder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the grinding wheel or brush jams?

    <p>The shaft continues to turn and the friction clamp slips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do when starting a grinder?

    <p>Make sure the wheel is not in contact with the work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the notched metal plate on a bench grinder?

    <p>To support the work during a grinding operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the gap between the wheel and the plate be small?

    <p>To reduce the risk of wheel shattering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you wear when using a grinder?

    <p>A full-face shield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do to a chipped or nicked wheel?

    <p>Dress the wheel with a dressing tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you avoid doing when grinding?

    <p>Using the side of the wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of abrasive commonly used?

    <p>Aluminum oxide and silicon carbide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the grit size of an abrasive wheel?

    <p>The grain size of the abrasive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the wheel guard on a bench grinder?

    <p>To protect the user from flying grinding particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of grinding wheel?

    <p>Vitrified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important not to operate a grinding wheel beyond its recommended speed?

    <p>To avoid serious injury to the user and people in the surrounding area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a hand drill?

    <p>Drilling, buffing, grinding, driving, and removing screws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the trigger switch on a hand drill?

    <p>To start and stop the drill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the chuck on a hand drill?

    <p>To hold the drill bit in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of high-speed drill bits over carbon steel drill bits?

    <p>They can be operated at higher cutting speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the spindle sleeve on a drill press?

    <p>To provide a feed for the cutting tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the depth stop on a drill press?

    <p>To control the depth of the cutting tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of removing burrs from a drill bit?

    <p>Deburring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the part of a drill bit that is held in the chuck?

    <p>Shank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the tang on the tapered shank bit?

    <p>To prevent the bit from slipping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the flute in a twist drill bit?

    <p>To provide a passage for cutting oil and debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the body clearance in a twist drill bit?

    <p>To reduce the friction between the bit and the walls of the hole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical point angle used for general drilling?

    <p>118°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to the bit frequently while grinding to prevent it from overheating?

    <p>Dip it frequently in a coolant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of sizes for miniature metric bits?

    <p>0.04 to 0.09 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a pilot hole drilled first for holes over 10 mm?

    <p>To prevent bit wander</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to operate the drill bit at the correct speed and rate of feed?

    <p>To prevent the bit from breaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a cutting fluid in drilling?

    <p>To provide cooling and lubrication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to the center of the hole before drilling?

    <p>Centre punch the center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MEDIUM What is the purpose of the spindle sleeve on a drill press?

    <p>To provide a feed for the cutting tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drill bits are considered better than carbon steel bits?

    <p>High-speed steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the trigger switch on a hand drill?

    <p>To switch the drill on and off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a drill press?

    <p>To perform various drilling and cutting operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of grinding wheel?

    <p>Vitrified wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the chuck on a hand drill?

    <p>To hold the drill bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the hand feed wheel on a drill press?

    <p>To move the spindle sleeve and cutting tool vertically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of removing burrs from a drill bit?

    <p>Deburring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the body clearance in a twist drill bit?

    <p>To provide clearance for the cutting edge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of portable grinders?

    <p>To remove material from a work piece by abrasive means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum protection required when using a grinder?

    <p>Safety glasses with side shields and a face shield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to maintain a firm grip on the drill and maintain a good footing when drilling?

    <p>To prevent accidents and injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to clear the area nearby of combustibles when using a grinder?

    <p>To prevent sparks from igniting nearby flammable materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the spindle friction clamping assembly on a grinder?

    <p>To apply pressure to the grinding wheel to hold it tightly against the flanged end of the spindle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between an electric angle grinder and a pneumatic die grinder?

    <p>The power source they use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to wear appropriate PPE when using a grinder?

    <p>To protect the user from grinding or wire particles and shattering of a grinding wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with long sleeves when grinding?

    <p>Roll them up when necessary to avoid interference with the grinding wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to never remove the guard from a power grinder?

    <p>To protect the user from grinding or wire particles and shattering of a grinding wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the friction clamp in a grinder?

    <p>To provide additional safety when the wheel jams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to select a grinding wheel with an adequate RPM rating?

    <p>To prevent the wheel from shattering and causing injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the movable safety glass shield on a bench grinder?

    <p>To protect the user from flying grinding particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the gap between the wheel and the notched metal plate be as small as possible?

    <p>To prevent small pieces from slipping and jamming the wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the roughing wheel on a grinder?

    <p>To remove a large amount of material quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with a wheel that has cracks anywhere?

    <p>It should be discarded immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the workpiece be dipped in water frequently when grinding?

    <p>To prevent overheating of the workpiece and operator burns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the bond type in an abrasive wheel?

    <p>To identify the method used to hold the grains together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the structure in an abrasive wheel?

    <p>To describe the range of grains from dense to open type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred method of grinding using the whole face of the wheel?

    <p>Moving the workpiece back and forth slowly across the wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the margin on a twist drill bit?

    <p>To provide the actual diameter of the bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the lip clearance on a twist drill bit?

    <p>To provide relief for the cutting edge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical range of lip clearance angles for twist drill bits?

    <p>8° to 12°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the web on a twist drill bit?

    <p>To increase the strength of the bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of center punching the center of the hole before drilling?

    <p>To provide a guide for the drill bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of drilling a pilot hole for holes over 10 mm?

    <p>To prevent bit wander</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of operating a drill bit at the correct speed and rate of feed?

    <p>To prevent bit dulling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a cutting fluid in drilling?

    <p>To provide cooling and lubrication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of sizes for straight shank standard metric bits?

    <p>0.5 to 20 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the body clearance in a twist drill bit?

    <p>To reduce friction between the bit and the walls of the hole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using power tools?

    <p>To complete the work more accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of wearing respiratory protection when using a grinder?

    <p>To prevent inhalation of dust and particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hard What is the purpose of rolling up long sleeves when grinding?

    <p>To prevent interference with the grinding wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the spindle friction clamping assembly on a grinder?

    <p>To apply pressure to the grinding wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to clear the area nearby of combustibles when using a grinder?

    <p>To prevent fires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using an angle grinder?

    <p>To grind off high spots or welding from flat plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the wheel guard on a grinder?

    <p>To protect the user from grinding or wire particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should jewelry not be worn while grinding?

    <p>To prevent interference with the grinding wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is used in the most common type of grinding wheel?

    <p>Vitrified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the air-cooled motor in a hand drill?

    <p>To cool the motor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the clutch in a drill press?

    <p>To advance the cutting tool into the work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to maintain a firm grip on the drill and maintain a good footing when drilling?

    <p>To maintain balance and prevent injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the depth stop on a drill press?

    <p>To set the depth of the hole to be drilled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of high-speed drill bits over carbon steel drill bits?

    <p>They can be operated at higher cutting speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical point angle used for general drilling?

    <p>120 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important not to operate a grinding wheel beyond its recommended speed?

    <p>It may disintegrate and cause injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the flute in a twist drill bit?

    <p>To remove chips from the hole being drilled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to grind off burrs formed on a drill bit?

    <p>To prevent damage to the drill bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the friction clamp slips in a grinder?

    <p>The shaft continues to turn, protecting the user from sudden twisting force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the movable safety glass shield on a bench grinder?

    <p>To cover the opening in the wheel guard for further protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of using a grinding wheel with an inadequate RPM rating?

    <p>The wheel may shatter and cause serious injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the roughing wheel on a grinder?

    <p>To remove a large amount of material quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to prevent overheating the workpiece and operator burns when using a grinder?

    <p>Dip the workpiece in water frequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification category that refers to the grit bond strength of an abrasive wheel?

    <p>Grade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the margin on a twist drill bit?

    <p>To provide a narrow bright strip that runs along the side of the flute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical range of lip clearance for a twist drill bit?

    <p>8° to 12°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the gap between the wheel and the plate is too large on a bench grinder?

    <p>Small pieces may slip and jam the rotating wheel, causing shattering and injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the notched metal plate on a bench grinder?

    <p>To support the work during grinding operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of grinding the point of a twist drill bit?

    <p>To ensure the bit cuts accurately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to a wheel that has cracks anywhere?

    <p>Discard it immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the web in a twist drill bit?

    <p>To give the bit strength and stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of examining the wheel closely prior to each use?

    <p>To check for any damage or defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to centre punch the centre of the hole before drilling?

    <p>To make it easier for the drill bit to enter the metal to be cut.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the flute in a twist drill bit?

    <p>To provide a passage for cutting oil and debris to come out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the body clearance in a twist drill bit?

    <p>To reduce friction between the bit and the walls of the hole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of sizes for straight shank standard metric bits?

    <p>0.5 to 20 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a pilot hole drilled first for holes over 10 mm?

    <p>To prevent bit wander.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a cutting fluid in drilling?

    <p>To provide cooling and lubrication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Power Tools

    • Operate entirely or partially by power, such as electricity or compressed air, to complete work easier, faster, or more accurately
    • Examples: electric drills, grinders, and air hammers

    Hand Grinders

    • Used to remove material from a workpiece in the field, by abrasive means
    • Tasks:
      • Wire brushing rust and paint
      • Grinding surfaces flat
      • Removing welding or other protrusions
      • Buffing or polishing to finish a workpiece

    Safety Check

    • Wear appropriate PPE when using a grinder, including:
      • Safety glasses with side shields and a face shield
      • Respiratory protection
      • Hearing protection
    • Clear the area nearby of combustibles
    • May require a hot-work permit, depending on the job location
    • Ensure long hair is tied back and concealed, and long sleeves are rolled up
    • Jewelry should not be worn while grinding
    • Never remove the guard from a power grinder
    • Select grinding wheels for the RPM of the grinder in use
    • Ensure the wheel is not in contact with the work when starting the grinder

    Fixed Grinders

    • Bench and floor mounted grinders used for a wide variety of jobs
    • Examples: sharpening tools, shaping workpieces, and removing material
    • Consist of a double-ended sealed motor with a threaded mounting shaft for grinding wheels
    • Wheel guards are attached to the motor and surround most of the wheel
    • Movable safety glass shield covers the opening in the guard for further protection
    • Notched metal plate attached in front of each wheel supports the work during grinding
    • Gap between the wheel and plate should be as small as possible

    Safety Check

    • Wear a full-face shield for protection from flying grinding particles
    • Dip the workpiece in water frequently to prevent overheating and operator burns
    • Examine wheels closely prior to each use
    • Chip or nicked wheels should be dressed with a dressing tool
    • Wheels with cracks should be discarded immediately
    • Use the whole face of the wheel when grinding
    • Move the workpiece back and forth slowly across the wheel

    Abrasive Wheels

    • Use hard abrasive particles to remove or finish materials
    • Classified and marked using six categories:
      • Abrasive type
      • Grain size
      • Grade
      • Structure
      • Bond type
      • Manufacturer's record
    • Two common abrasive types: aluminum oxide and silicon carbide
    • Grain sizes range from coarse to very fine
    • Grade refers to the grit bond strength
    • Structure refers to the range of grains from dense to open type
    • Bond type identifies the method used to hold the grains together

    Wheel Speed

    • Manufacturers list the maximum speed for a particular grinding wheel
    • Important to operate within the recommended speed to prevent wheel disintegration and injury

    Drilling Machines

    • Hand drills used for:
      • Drilling
      • Buffing
      • Grinding
      • Driving
      • Removing screws
    • Consist of:
      • Air-cooled motor
      • Gear reducer
      • Chuck
      • Trigger switch
    • Hand drill size refers to the maximum diameter drill bit that will fit into the drill chuck
    • Hand drills available with fixed, two-speed, and variable speed options
    • Some drills have reversible rotation and other options

    Safety Check

    • Maintain a firm grip on the drill and a good footing
    • Ensure the drill bit is held tightly in the chuck
    • Avoid using a larger size drill for heavy drilling to prevent overloading and damage

    Drill Press

    • Available in a range of sizes and types, from small bench type to large radial arm, floor-mounted type
    • Used for:
      • Counter boring
      • Spot facing
      • Reaming
      • Grinding
      • Tapping
    • Drill presses vary in size, determined by the distance from the edge of the column to the center of the spindle

    Twist Drill Bits

    • End cutting tools used to produce holes in most types of materials
    • Made from carbon steel or high-speed steel
    • High-speed drill bits considered better due to higher cutting speeds and longer-lasting cutting edges
    • Consist of:
      • Shank
      • Body
      • Point
    • Shank: straight or tapered, with a tang on the end to prevent slipping
    • Body: made up of flutes, margin, and body clearance
    • Point: consists of the chisel edge, lips, lip clearance, and heel

    Drilling Procedures

    • Lay out holes properly before starting
    • Centre punch the center of the hole
    • Drill a pilot hole (approximately 3 mm) for holes over 10 mm to prevent bit wander
    • Scribe and prick punch the circumference of the hole to ensure the bit has not wandered
    • Operate the drill press at the correct speed and rate of feed
    • Consult a drilling chart to determine the correct speed
    • Use a cutting fluid to provide cooling and lubrication

    Power Tools

    • Operate entirely or partially by power, such as electricity or compressed air, to complete work easier, faster, or more accurately
    • Examples: electric drills, grinders, and air hammers

    Hand Grinders

    • Used to remove material from a workpiece in the field, by abrasive means
    • Tasks:
      • Wire brushing rust and paint
      • Grinding surfaces flat
      • Removing welding or other protrusions
      • Buffing or polishing to finish a workpiece

    Safety Check

    • Wear appropriate PPE when using a grinder, including:
      • Safety glasses with side shields and a face shield
      • Respiratory protection
      • Hearing protection
    • Clear the area nearby of combustibles
    • May require a hot-work permit, depending on the job location
    • Ensure long hair is tied back and concealed, and long sleeves are rolled up
    • Jewelry should not be worn while grinding
    • Never remove the guard from a power grinder
    • Select grinding wheels for the RPM of the grinder in use
    • Ensure the wheel is not in contact with the work when starting the grinder

    Fixed Grinders

    • Bench and floor mounted grinders used for a wide variety of jobs
    • Examples: sharpening tools, shaping workpieces, and removing material
    • Consist of a double-ended sealed motor with a threaded mounting shaft for grinding wheels
    • Wheel guards are attached to the motor and surround most of the wheel
    • Movable safety glass shield covers the opening in the guard for further protection
    • Notched metal plate attached in front of each wheel supports the work during grinding
    • Gap between the wheel and plate should be as small as possible

    Safety Check

    • Wear a full-face shield for protection from flying grinding particles
    • Dip the workpiece in water frequently to prevent overheating and operator burns
    • Examine wheels closely prior to each use
    • Chip or nicked wheels should be dressed with a dressing tool
    • Wheels with cracks should be discarded immediately
    • Use the whole face of the wheel when grinding
    • Move the workpiece back and forth slowly across the wheel

    Abrasive Wheels

    • Use hard abrasive particles to remove or finish materials
    • Classified and marked using six categories:
      • Abrasive type
      • Grain size
      • Grade
      • Structure
      • Bond type
      • Manufacturer's record
    • Two common abrasive types: aluminum oxide and silicon carbide
    • Grain sizes range from coarse to very fine
    • Grade refers to the grit bond strength
    • Structure refers to the range of grains from dense to open type
    • Bond type identifies the method used to hold the grains together

    Wheel Speed

    • Manufacturers list the maximum speed for a particular grinding wheel
    • Important to operate within the recommended speed to prevent wheel disintegration and injury

    Drilling Machines

    • Hand drills used for:
      • Drilling
      • Buffing
      • Grinding
      • Driving
      • Removing screws
    • Consist of:
      • Air-cooled motor
      • Gear reducer
      • Chuck
      • Trigger switch
    • Hand drill size refers to the maximum diameter drill bit that will fit into the drill chuck
    • Hand drills available with fixed, two-speed, and variable speed options
    • Some drills have reversible rotation and other options

    Safety Check

    • Maintain a firm grip on the drill and a good footing
    • Ensure the drill bit is held tightly in the chuck
    • Avoid using a larger size drill for heavy drilling to prevent overloading and damage

    Drill Press

    • Available in a range of sizes and types, from small bench type to large radial arm, floor-mounted type
    • Used for:
      • Counter boring
      • Spot facing
      • Reaming
      • Grinding
      • Tapping
    • Drill presses vary in size, determined by the distance from the edge of the column to the center of the spindle

    Twist Drill Bits

    • End cutting tools used to produce holes in most types of materials
    • Made from carbon steel or high-speed steel
    • High-speed drill bits considered better due to higher cutting speeds and longer-lasting cutting edges
    • Consist of:
      • Shank
      • Body
      • Point
    • Shank: straight or tapered, with a tang on the end to prevent slipping
    • Body: made up of flutes, margin, and body clearance
    • Point: consists of the chisel edge, lips, lip clearance, and heel

    Drilling Procedures

    • Lay out holes properly before starting
    • Centre punch the center of the hole
    • Drill a pilot hole (approximately 3 mm) for holes over 10 mm to prevent bit wander
    • Scribe and prick punch the circumference of the hole to ensure the bit has not wandered
    • Operate the drill press at the correct speed and rate of feed
    • Consult a drilling chart to determine the correct speed
    • Use a cutting fluid to provide cooling and lubrication

    Power Tools

    • Operate entirely or partially by power, such as electricity or compressed air, to complete work easier, faster, or more accurately
    • Examples: electric drills, grinders, and air hammers

    Hand Grinders

    • Used to remove material from a workpiece in the field, by abrasive means
    • Tasks:
      • Wire brushing rust and paint
      • Grinding surfaces flat
      • Removing welding or other protrusions
      • Buffing or polishing to finish a workpiece

    Safety Check

    • Wear appropriate PPE when using a grinder, including:
      • Safety glasses with side shields and a face shield
      • Respiratory protection
      • Hearing protection
    • Clear the area nearby of combustibles
    • May require a hot-work permit, depending on the job location
    • Ensure long hair is tied back and concealed, and long sleeves are rolled up
    • Jewelry should not be worn while grinding
    • Never remove the guard from a power grinder
    • Select grinding wheels for the RPM of the grinder in use
    • Ensure the wheel is not in contact with the work when starting the grinder

    Fixed Grinders

    • Bench and floor mounted grinders used for a wide variety of jobs
    • Examples: sharpening tools, shaping workpieces, and removing material
    • Consist of a double-ended sealed motor with a threaded mounting shaft for grinding wheels
    • Wheel guards are attached to the motor and surround most of the wheel
    • Movable safety glass shield covers the opening in the guard for further protection
    • Notched metal plate attached in front of each wheel supports the work during grinding
    • Gap between the wheel and plate should be as small as possible

    Safety Check

    • Wear a full-face shield for protection from flying grinding particles
    • Dip the workpiece in water frequently to prevent overheating and operator burns
    • Examine wheels closely prior to each use
    • Chip or nicked wheels should be dressed with a dressing tool
    • Wheels with cracks should be discarded immediately
    • Use the whole face of the wheel when grinding
    • Move the workpiece back and forth slowly across the wheel

    Abrasive Wheels

    • Use hard abrasive particles to remove or finish materials
    • Classified and marked using six categories:
      • Abrasive type
      • Grain size
      • Grade
      • Structure
      • Bond type
      • Manufacturer's record
    • Two common abrasive types: aluminum oxide and silicon carbide
    • Grain sizes range from coarse to very fine
    • Grade refers to the grit bond strength
    • Structure refers to the range of grains from dense to open type
    • Bond type identifies the method used to hold the grains together

    Wheel Speed

    • Manufacturers list the maximum speed for a particular grinding wheel
    • Important to operate within the recommended speed to prevent wheel disintegration and injury

    Drilling Machines

    • Hand drills used for:
      • Drilling
      • Buffing
      • Grinding
      • Driving
      • Removing screws
    • Consist of:
      • Air-cooled motor
      • Gear reducer
      • Chuck
      • Trigger switch
    • Hand drill size refers to the maximum diameter drill bit that will fit into the drill chuck
    • Hand drills available with fixed, two-speed, and variable speed options
    • Some drills have reversible rotation and other options

    Safety Check

    • Maintain a firm grip on the drill and a good footing
    • Ensure the drill bit is held tightly in the chuck
    • Avoid using a larger size drill for heavy drilling to prevent overloading and damage

    Drill Press

    • Available in a range of sizes and types, from small bench type to large radial arm, floor-mounted type
    • Used for:
      • Counter boring
      • Spot facing
      • Reaming
      • Grinding
      • Tapping
    • Drill presses vary in size, determined by the distance from the edge of the column to the center of the spindle

    Twist Drill Bits

    • End cutting tools used to produce holes in most types of materials
    • Made from carbon steel or high-speed steel
    • High-speed drill bits considered better due to higher cutting speeds and longer-lasting cutting edges
    • Consist of:
      • Shank
      • Body
      • Point
    • Shank: straight or tapered, with a tang on the end to prevent slipping
    • Body: made up of flutes, margin, and body clearance
    • Point: consists of the chisel edge, lips, lip clearance, and heel

    Drilling Procedures

    • Lay out holes properly before starting
    • Centre punch the center of the hole
    • Drill a pilot hole (approximately 3 mm) for holes over 10 mm to prevent bit wander
    • Scribe and prick punch the circumference of the hole to ensure the bit has not wandered
    • Operate the drill press at the correct speed and rate of feed
    • Consult a drilling chart to determine the correct speed
    • Use a cutting fluid to provide cooling and lubrication

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of power tools, including hand grinders, and their applications in various tasks such as removing material, wire brushing, and grinding surfaces.

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