13 Questions
Which system of government is characterized by dual sovereignty, where both central and regional governments have authority over different areas of governance?
Federalism
In a system of separation of powers, which branch of government has the power to limit the actions of the other branches?
All of the above
What is the primary advantage of decentralization in a system of government?
Increased efficiency in governance
Which type of government is characterized by a coalition of multiple political parties working together to govern?
Coalition Government
What is the primary purpose of an electoral system?
To elect representatives to a government or legislature
Which system of government is characterized by the transfer of power from a central authority to local governments or regional bodies?
Decentralization
In a system of federalism, what is the relationship between the central and regional governments?
The central and regional governments have a divide of powers
Which of the following is a characteristic of coalition governments?
Shared power and compromise
What is the purpose of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
To speed up the reaction
Synthesis reactions always involve the combination of two or more reactants.
True
What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?
An atom is the smallest unit of an element, while a molecule is a group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
The process of breaking down glucose to produce energy is known as _______________________.
cellular respiration
Match the following types of chemical reactions with their definitions:
Combustion Reaction = A reaction that involves the reaction of a substance with oxygen, usually resulting in heat and light. Decomposition Reaction = A reaction that involves the breakdown of a single reactant into two or more products. Neutralization Reaction = A reaction that involves the combination of an acid and a base to form a salt and water. Synthesis Reaction = A reaction that involves the combination of two or more reactants to form a new product.
Study Notes
Power Sharing
Power sharing is a system of government where power is distributed among multiple groups or institutions to ensure that no one entity has absolute authority.
Federalism
- A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and regional or state governments.
- Characteristics:
- Dual sovereignty: both central and regional governments have authority over different areas of governance.
- Division of powers: powers are divided between central and regional governments.
- Autonomy: regional governments have a degree of autonomy in decision-making.
- Examples: United States, Canada, Germany
Separation of Powers
- A system of government where power is divided among three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.
- Characteristics:
- Checks and balances: each branch has powers to limit the actions of the other branches.
- Separation of duties: each branch has distinct responsibilities.
- Independent judiciary: the judiciary is independent of the other two branches.
- Examples: United States, France, Australia
Decentralization
- A system of government where power is distributed from a central authority to local governments or regional bodies.
- Characteristics:
- Transfer of power: power is transferred from central to local governments.
- Autonomy: local governments have a degree of autonomy in decision-making.
- Efficient governance: decentralization can lead to more efficient governance.
- Examples: Spain, Italy, India
Coalition Governments
- A government formed by multiple political parties working together to govern.
- Characteristics:
- Shared power: power is shared among multiple parties.
- Compromise: parties must compromise on policies and decisions.
- Instability: coalition governments can be unstable due to disagreements among parties.
- Examples: Germany, Italy, India
Electoral Systems
- A system for electing representatives to a government or legislature.
- Types:
- Proportional representation: seats are allocated based on the proportion of votes received.
- First-past-the-post: the candidate with the most votes wins the seat.
- Mixed-member proportional: a combination of proportional representation and first-past-the-post.
- Examples: Germany (proportional representation), United States (first-past-the-post), New Zealand (mixed-member proportional)
Power Sharing
- Power sharing is a system of government where power is distributed among multiple groups or institutions to prevent absolute authority.
Federalism
- Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and regional or state governments.
- Dual sovereignty exists, where both central and regional governments have authority over different areas of governance.
- Powers are divided between central and regional governments, and regional governments have autonomy in decision-making.
- Examples of federalism include the United States, Canada, and Germany.
Separation of Powers
- Separation of powers is a system of government where power is divided among three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.
- Each branch has powers to limit the actions of the other branches through checks and balances.
- Each branch has distinct responsibilities, and the judiciary is independent of the other two branches.
- Examples of separation of powers include the United States, France, and Australia.
Decentralization
- Decentralization is a system of government where power is distributed from a central authority to local governments or regional bodies.
- Power is transferred from central to local governments, and local governments have autonomy in decision-making.
- Decentralization can lead to more efficient governance.
- Examples of decentralization include Spain, Italy, and India.
Coalition Governments
- A coalition government is formed when multiple political parties work together to govern.
- Power is shared among multiple parties, and parties must compromise on policies and decisions.
- Coalition governments can be unstable due to disagreements among parties.
- Examples of coalition governments include Germany, Italy, and India.
Electoral Systems
- An electoral system is a system for electing representatives to a government or legislature.
- Proportional representation allocates seats based on the proportion of votes received.
- First-past-the-post elects the candidate with the most votes.
- Mixed-member proportional combines proportional representation and first-past-the-post.
- Examples of electoral systems include Germany (proportional representation), the United States (first-past-the-post), and New Zealand (mixed-member proportional).
Power Sharing
Key Concepts
- Power sharing is a system of government where power is distributed among multiple groups or institutions to ensure that no one entity has absolute authority.
Federalism
- A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and regional or state governments.
- Characteristics:
- Dual sovereignty: both central and regional governments have authority over different areas of governance.
- Division of powers: powers are divided between central and regional governments.
- Autonomy: regional governments have a degree of autonomy in decision-making.
- Examples: United States, Canada, Germany.
Separation of Powers
- A system of government where power is divided among three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.
- Characteristics:
- Checks and balances: each branch has powers to limit the actions of the other branches.
- Separation of duties: each branch has distinct responsibilities.
- Independent judiciary: the judiciary is independent of the other two branches.
- Examples: United States, France, Australia.
Decentralization
- A system of government where power is distributed from a central authority to local governments or regional bodies.
- Characteristics:
- Transfer of power: power is transferred from central to local governments.
- Autonomy: local governments have a degree of autonomy in decision-making.
- Efficient governance: decentralization can lead to more efficient governance.
- Examples: Spain, Italy, India.
Coalition Governments
- A government formed by multiple political parties working together to govern.
- Characteristics:
- Shared power: power is shared among multiple parties.
- Compromise: parties must compromise on policies and decisions.
- Instability: coalition governments can be unstable due to disagreements among parties.
- Examples: Germany, Italy, India.
Electoral Systems
- A system for electing representatives to a government or legislature.
Learn about power sharing and federalism, systems of government that distribute power among multiple groups or institutions to prevent absolute authority.
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