8 - Power Quality Events and Disturbances

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Questions and Answers

Which standard is primarily used for identifying and classifying short-term power quality events?

ITIC (CBEMA)

IEEE 519

SEMI F47

IEEE 1159 (correct)

What characterizes power quality events?

Routine inspections

Average voltage levels

Long-term measurements

Magnitude, duration, and direction (correct)

Which of the following is NOT classified as a power quality event?

Voltage Disturbance (correct)

Voltage Sag

Voltage Swell

Current Harmonics

How are power quality disturbances typically logged?

Periodically at specified intervals Signup and view all the answers

What does IEEE 519 help identify during power quality incidents?

Root causes of interruptions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified under power quality events?

Voltage Harmonics Signup and view all the answers

Where can Power Quality data be accessed in PME?

Alarm Viewer Signup and view all the answers

Which disturbance is characterized by a variation in frequency?

Frequency Variation Signup and view all the answers

What does waveform capture typically include?

Start, middle, and end of a disturbance Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of disturbances does advanced PowerLogic device PQ detection analyze?

Magnitude as a percentage of nominal voltage Signup and view all the answers

What is Burst Data in the context of ION 9000 devices?

Data logged around the time an Alarm triggers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding basic Modbus devices?

They lack PQ detection and waveform capture features. Signup and view all the answers

What is one feature of ION devices in relation to waveform capture?

They allow for disturbance direction analysis. Signup and view all the answers

What types of measurements can Burst Data capture consist of?

Half-cycle RMS and 1 second measurements Signup and view all the answers

What does the disturbance direction in advanced PowerLogic devices indicate?

Whether the disturbance is upstream or downstream Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the recording of Burst Data in ION 9000 devices?

An Alarm going active Signup and view all the answers

What is required to ensure that PQ monitoring and alarming functions correctly?

Monitoring devices must be properly configured. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a basic setting for Power Quality Configuration?

Voltage optimization settings Signup and view all the answers

In a WYE electrical system, what value must the nominal voltage be set to?

Line-to-neutral voltage Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum sampling rate for high-speed transient monitoring using the ION9000T?

10 MHz Signup and view all the answers

What must be enabled to capture sag and swell waveforms in devices like the ION9000T?

Burst Data logging Signup and view all the answers

Which firmware version is required for utilizing HSTC on the ION9000T?

v2.2.x or later Signup and view all the answers

Which setting is necessary for monitoring standards compliance, such as EN50160?

Static nominal voltage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following applications is compatible with the ION9000T?

MV applications Signup and view all the answers

What does the nominal voltage need to be in a Delta system?

Line-to-line voltage Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether a PQ event occurred upstream or downstream in the Disturbance Direction Detection feature?

Patented PowerLogic feature Signup and view all the answers

HSTC is not supported on which type of connections?

Serial or gateway connections Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for capturing power quality events?

Maximum number of records must be set. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct procedure to follow after setting the maximum number of records in ION Setup?

Enable Burst Data logging. Signup and view all the answers

At what recording capability does the ION9000T meter operate regarding peak voltage?

Up to 10 kV peak Signup and view all the answers

What is the sample rate for the waveform captured at 1,024 samples/cycle?

1,024 samples/cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the HSTC feature in the ION9000T?

Detecting high-speed transients Signup and view all the answers

What must be configured to capture transient waveforms on the ION9000T?

Set the maximum number of records for transient data log Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to perform high-speed transient capture (HSTC) using the ION9000T?

Provide log depth for HSTC waveform Signup and view all the answers

Which device or option is required for advanced power quality monitoring?

PM8000 series or higher Signup and view all the answers

In order to generate a Power Quality Report, which step must be executed?

Configure the device settings Signup and view all the answers

What defines how equipment in an electrical system can operate correctly?

Power Quality (PQ) limits Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in capturing transient waveforms using ION Setup?

Open Setup Assistant Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the transient waveform capture process for the ION9000T?

Set the maximum number of normal waveforms Signup and view all the answers

How long should the duration be for confirming that Power Quality Detection is enabled?

15 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Power Quality Events & Disturbances

Events are short-term unexpected occurrences, denoted by magnitude, duration, and direction. Examples include voltage sags, voltage swells, interruptions, over/under voltage.
Disturbances are long-term and logged periodically. Examples include voltage unbalance, current unbalance, voltage harmonics, current harmonics, frequency variation, and flicker.

Summary of Power Quality Events

According to IEEE 1159:
- Voltage varies by > 1% of nominal voltage for less than 1 second
- Voltage sags: Duration between 0.5 and 5 seconds, voltage dips less than 90% for 0.5 seconds
- Voltage swells: 110% to 120% of voltage
- Interruptions: > 1 second
- Over voltage: Greater than 110%
- Under voltage: Less than 90%

Summary of Associated Waveforms

Power quality events are detected and stored as waveforms
Waveforms are categorized as:
- Disturbances (Typically, start, middle, and end)
- Normal
- Long duration events (Disturbance, end, middle, normal)
- Voltage and current waveforms per channel

Power Quality in PME (Power Management Expert)

View power quality data in PME Alarm Viewer and View Library
When PME is used with a PowerLogic device, it allows for monitoring of power quality

PowerLogic Devices

Advanced PowerLogic devices capture power quality information:
- Magnitude (as a percentage of nominal voltage)
- Duration (in seconds)
- Waveforms (per channel)
- Disturbance direction (upstream or downstream)
Basic devices do not have PQ detection or waveform capture capabilities.

Burst Data – ION 9000

Pre- and post-event data logged during an Alarm Instance
Devices store a continuous buffer of data logs
Burst data can be viewed in PME Alarm Viewer
Incident Timeline Analysis: Used to analyze power quality events over time

High Speed Transient Capture – ION 9000T

High-speed transient capture (HSTC) feature is available only on ION9000T
High-speed transient monitoring at 10 MHz sampling with up to 10 kV peak recording
ION9000T can be used in medium voltage applications with high-bandwidth voltage transformers
HSTC is not supported on serial or gateway connection

Disturbance Direction Detection (DDD)

Patented PowerLogic feature: Determines if a PQ event occurred upstream (utility) or downstream (facility).
Enabled automatically when PQ detection is enabled.
Viewed as part of PME Alarm Viewer and can be added to a custom user diagram

Configuration Procedure

PQ monitoring, alarming, and analysis function properly when the monitoring devices are configured to capture power quality events and disturbances
Configure Power Quality Settings:
- System Type, CT and PT ratios
- Clock and time synchronization
- Nominal voltage
- Nominal current
- Nominal frequency
- Standards Compliance (e.g., EN50160 or IEC 61000-4-30)

Static Nominal Voltage

Must be non-zero to enable PQ detection.
Set to the normal operating line voltage of the electrical system
Use "line-to-neutral" value for WYE systems and "line-to-line" value for Delta systems

Sag and Swell Waveform Captures – ION9000T

Configure waveform captures:
- Open Setup Assistant using ION Setup
- Set the maximum number of records
- Enable Burst Data logging
- Set the maximum number of waveforms to record
- Generate COMTRADE format waveform data

Transient Waveform Capture – ION9000T

Configure waveform captures:
- Open Setup Assistant using ION Setup
- Set the maximum number of records for transient data log
- Set the maximum number of waveforms
- Generate COMTRADE format waveform data

High Speed Transient Capture – ION9000T

Configure waveform captures:
- Open Setup Assistant using ION Setup
- Set the maximum number of records
- Provide Log depth for HSTC waveform

Recap

Power quality is a set of limits that define how equipment in an electrical system operates correctly
Advanced PowerLogic devices (PM8000 and higher) provide power quality monitoring, alarming, and analysis capabilities.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts related to power quality events and disturbances. It includes definitions, examples, and classifications as outlined in IEEE 1159. Test your understanding of voltage variations and the corresponding effects on power systems.