Questions and Answers
What is the formula for area requirement for system A?
What is the condition for no Load Frequency Control (LFC) for both systems A and B?
In case (II), what is the value of ∆f?
What is the expression for ∆PT in case (II)?
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In case (III), what is the condition for the power imbalance?
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What is the expression for ∆C A in case (III)?
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What is the effect of ∆PB on the frequency deviation in case (III)?
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What is the primary purpose of Governor Free Operation (GF) mode?
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What is the characteristic of Load Frequency Control (LFC) in a power system?
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In the context of power plant control, what is EDC?
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What is the function of the turbine governor in a power plant?
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What type of control mode is used to adjust governor settings by the control center of a power system?
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What is the purpose of the droop characteristics in Governor-Free Control?
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What is the condition for ΔCA to compensate only ΔPA?
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What is the benefit of Economic Dispatching Control (EDC) mode?
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What is the expression for Δf when there is no LFC for B?
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Which control mode is used for local control of the plant to respond quickly to frequency deviation?
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What is the relationship between ΔPT and ΔPB when ΔCB = 0?
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What is the function of the control center in Economic Dispatching Control (EDC) mode?
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What is the condition for a system to be under FFC?
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What type of component is represented by curve C in the total demand curve?
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What is the purpose of ΔCA in LFC?
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What is the primary function of the controller in a power plant?
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What happens when the control speed of TBC is faster than that of FFC?
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What is the expression for ΔCB when there is FFC for B?
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What is the condition for ARA = 0?
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What is the main objective of the EDC process?
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What is a constraint in the EDC process?
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What is a capability of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs)?
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What is a consequence of variable output operation of NPPs?
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Which country operates NPPs in the load-following mode with large daily power variations?
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Which type of reactor uses Boric acid for control?
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What is the share of NPPs in France's power generation?
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In which country are NPPs operated in the constant output mode?
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What is the requirement to determine all the variables in a system with LFC representations of 3 systems?
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What is the primary purpose of Load Frequency Control (LFC)?
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What type of power plants are generally used as frequency control facilities?
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What is the approximate capacity required for Load Frequency Control (LFC) in a power system?
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What is the purpose of Economic Dispatching Control (EDC)?
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What type of connection is employed in real systems in Japan to fix the power flow?
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What is the result of considering LFC representations of 3 systems?
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What is the equation used in Load Frequency Control (LFC)?
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What is the frequency of the power system in the Kyusyu region?
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What is the purpose of the Control Center in the LFC system?
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Study Notes
Power and Frequency Control
- Power plants have three control modes: Governor Free Operation (GF), Load Frequency Control (LFC), and Economic Dispatching Control (EDC)
- GF: local control of plant to respond quickly to frequency deviation, control of valves by a turbine governor
- LFC: governor settings adjustment by the control center of a power system
- EDC: control according to the prepared daily dispatching plan to minimize fuel costs, control of governor settings and daily start and stop from the control center of a power system
Governor-Free Control
- Droop characteristics of GF: if the speed is too fast, mechanical input is to be reduced
- No LFC: ΔC = 0
- ARi: area requirement for system i, Ki: estimated power-frequency coefficient of system i
Load Frequency Control (LFC)
- Behaviors of the inter-connected power systems:
- (I) No LFC for both A and B (only GF and self regulation of load)
- (II) FFC for A and no LFC for B (including case of very slow LFC for B)
- (III) FTC for A and no LFC for B (including case of very slow LFC for B)
- (IV) TBC for A and no LFC for B (including very slow LFC for B)
- (V) TBC for A and FFC for B
- The necessary capacity for LFC is around 5% of the total system capacity
- Thermal power plants and large hydro power plants are generally used as frequency control facilities due to their high manoeuvring capability
Economic Dispatching Control (EDC)
- EDC is defined as the process of allocating generation output levels to the generating units in the power system, so that the system load can be supplied most economically
- Objective function: total operation cost of the system over the time horizon
- Constraints:
- Electricity demand and supply balances
- Transmission line capacities
- Electricity storage capacities of pumping-up hydro power stations
- Load following capabilities
- Minimum and maximum output levels of the plants
Comments on Nuclear Power Plants
- Nuclear power plants (NPPs) have the capability of load following and frequency control
- NPPs can operate in the load-following mode with large daily power variations of about 50% of rated power
- Some NPPs also participate in the frequency control of the total power system
- In Japan, the NPPs are operated in the constant output mode
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Description
This quiz covers the three types of plant control modes, including Governor Free Operation (GF), in a power plant. It's a crucial aspect of power and frequency control.