Power Plant Control Modes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the formula for area requirement for system A?

  • ARA = K′A ⋅ ∆PT - ∆f
  • ARA = K′A ⋅ ∆PT + ∆f
  • ARA = K′A ⋅ ∆f + ∆PT (correct)
  • ARA = K′A ⋅ ∆f - ∆PT

    • What is the condition for no Load Frequency Control (LFC) for both systems A and B?

  • ∆C A ≠ 0 and ∆C B = 0
  • ∆C A ≠ 0 and ∆C B ≠ 0
  • ∆C A = 0 and ∆C B = 0 (correct)
  • ∆C A = 0 and ∆C B ≠ 0

    • In case (II), what is the value of ∆f?

  • ∆f = K A ⋅ ∆PT
  • ∆f = K B ⋅ ∆PT
  • ∆f = 0 (correct)
  • ∆f = K A ⋅ ∆PA

    • What is the expression for ∆PT in case (II)?

    <p>∆PT = -∆PB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case (III), what is the condition for the power imbalance?

    <p>∆PT = 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expression for ∆C A in case (III)?

    <p>∆C A = ∆PB - ∆PA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ∆PB on the frequency deviation in case (III)?

    <p>It causes a larger frequency deviation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Governor Free Operation (GF) mode?

    <p>To respond quickly to frequency deviation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Load Frequency Control (LFC) in a power system?

    <p>It adjusts the frequency to match the load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of power plant control, what is EDC?

    <p>Economic Dispatching Control, which controls according to the prepared daily dispatching plan to minimize fuel costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the turbine governor in a power plant?

    <p>To adjust the speed of the turbine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of control mode is used to adjust governor settings by the control center of a power system?

    <p>Load Frequency Control (LFC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the droop characteristics in Governor-Free Control?

    <p>To reduce the mechanical input when the speed is too fast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for ΔCA to compensate only ΔPA?

    <p>K' = 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of Economic Dispatching Control (EDC) mode?

    <p>Minimization of fuel costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expression for Δf when there is no LFC for B?

    <p>Δf = KA ⋅ ∆PA / (KA + KB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which control mode is used for local control of the plant to respond quickly to frequency deviation?

    <p>Governor Free Operation (GF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between ΔPT and ΔPB when ΔCB = 0?

    <p>ΔPT = -ΔPB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the control center in Economic Dispatching Control (EDC) mode?

    <p>To control governor settings and daily start and stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for a system to be under FFC?

    <p>K' = ∞</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of component is represented by curve C in the total demand curve?

    <p>Short cycle component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ΔCA in LFC?

    <p>To compensate only ΔPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the controller in a power plant?

    <p>To monitor and respond to changes in frequency and load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the control speed of TBC is faster than that of FFC?

    <p>Insufficient control occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expression for ΔCB when there is FFC for B?

    <p>ΔCB = -ΔPB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for ARA = 0?

    <p>ΔPA + ΔCA - ΔPT = 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of the EDC process?

    <p>To allocate generation output levels to minimize operation costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a constraint in the EDC process?

    <p>Transmission line capacities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a capability of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs)?

    <p>Both load following and frequency control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of variable output operation of NPPs?

    <p>Increased maintenance costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country operates NPPs in the load-following mode with large daily power variations?

    <p>Some European countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reactor uses Boric acid for control?

    <p>PWR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the share of NPPs in France's power generation?

    <p>About 75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which country are NPPs operated in the constant output mode?

    <p>Japan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the requirement to determine all the variables in a system with LFC representations of 3 systems?

    <p>Fix the power flow of one of the three tielines at a specific value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Load Frequency Control (LFC)?

    <p>To control the frequency of the power system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of power plants are generally used as frequency control facilities?

    <p>Thermal power plants and large hydro power plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate capacity required for Load Frequency Control (LFC) in a power system?

    <p>5% of the total system capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Economic Dispatching Control (EDC)?

    <p>To optimize the dispatch of power generation units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connection is employed in real systems in Japan to fix the power flow?

    <p>DC connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of considering LFC representations of 3 systems?

    <p>We have 1 degree of freedom in the total system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation used in Load Frequency Control (LFC)?

    <p>∆ci(t) = −ki ∫ (K ′ ⋅ ∆f + ∆PT)dt + EDCi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of the power system in the Kyusyu region?

    <p>60Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Control Center in the LFC system?

    <p>To monitor and control the LFC and EDC systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Power and Frequency Control

    • Power plants have three control modes: Governor Free Operation (GF), Load Frequency Control (LFC), and Economic Dispatching Control (EDC)
    • GF: local control of plant to respond quickly to frequency deviation, control of valves by a turbine governor
    • LFC: governor settings adjustment by the control center of a power system
    • EDC: control according to the prepared daily dispatching plan to minimize fuel costs, control of governor settings and daily start and stop from the control center of a power system

    Governor-Free Control

    • Droop characteristics of GF: if the speed is too fast, mechanical input is to be reduced
    • No LFC: ΔC = 0
    • ARi: area requirement for system i, Ki: estimated power-frequency coefficient of system i

    Load Frequency Control (LFC)

    • Behaviors of the inter-connected power systems:
      • (I) No LFC for both A and B (only GF and self regulation of load)
      • (II) FFC for A and no LFC for B (including case of very slow LFC for B)
      • (III) FTC for A and no LFC for B (including case of very slow LFC for B)
      • (IV) TBC for A and no LFC for B (including very slow LFC for B)
      • (V) TBC for A and FFC for B
    • The necessary capacity for LFC is around 5% of the total system capacity
    • Thermal power plants and large hydro power plants are generally used as frequency control facilities due to their high manoeuvring capability

    Economic Dispatching Control (EDC)

    • EDC is defined as the process of allocating generation output levels to the generating units in the power system, so that the system load can be supplied most economically
    • Objective function: total operation cost of the system over the time horizon
    • Constraints:
      • Electricity demand and supply balances
      • Transmission line capacities
      • Electricity storage capacities of pumping-up hydro power stations
      • Load following capabilities
      • Minimum and maximum output levels of the plants

    Comments on Nuclear Power Plants

    • Nuclear power plants (NPPs) have the capability of load following and frequency control
    • NPPs can operate in the load-following mode with large daily power variations of about 50% of rated power
    • Some NPPs also participate in the frequency control of the total power system
    • In Japan, the NPPs are operated in the constant output mode

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    Overview of Energy Systems 8 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the three types of plant control modes, including Governor Free Operation (GF), in a power plant. It's a crucial aspect of power and frequency control.

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