Checkride test + objectives

• Study notes

Power Off Stall

• Objective: Develop awareness of what could happen if controls are improperly used when low on approach to landing.

Establishing

• Establish a slow flight configuration.

Performing

• Reduce power to idle at approximately 60 knots.
• Slowly pitch the nose up.
• The goal is to progressively increase the pitch until the airplane stalls.

Recovering

• Pitch down.
• Apply full power.
• Turn carburetor heat off.
• Apply right rudder.
• Reduce flaps to 20 degrees.
• Pitch for a climb until reaching the desired altitude.
• Reduce flaps to 10 degrees
• Retract flaps.
• Maintain climb and heading, trimming as necessary.
• Complete the cruise checklist.

Tips

• A full stall is recognized by the buffet of the airplane and the stall warning device alarm.
• Be smooth with the controls.

Pre-Maneuver Checklist

• Objective: Learn the procedure and flow to configure the aircraft for the different maneuvers.
• Airspeed and Altitude: VA and 2000 ft.
• Best Place to Land: Select a suitable landing area.
• Checklist: Verify seat belts are fastened, fuel selector is on both, mixture is rich, circuit breakers are in, engine indicators are green, and magnetos are on both.
• Declare intentions and position on the radio.
• Perform clearing turns to scan for traffic.

Soft Field Takeoff and Climb

• Objective: Perform a takeoff from a soft or rough surface and transfer the weight of the airplane from the wheels to the wings as soon as possible.
• Use full throttle.
• Use 10 degrees of flaps.
• Maintain ground effect to accelerate to Vy

Slow Flight

• Objective: Learn to fly at reduced airspeeds, which is essential because the airplane is flown at higher angles of attack and reduced speeds during takeoff/departure and approach/landing phases of flight.

Establishing

• Complete the pre-maneuver checklist.
• Turn the carburetor heat on.
• Set power to 1700 RPMs.
• Set Flaps to 10 degrees.
• Set Flaps to 20 degrees.
• Set Flaps to 30 degrees.
• Reduce airspeed to the stall warning and note it.

Performing

• Maintain airspeed 5-10 knots above the noted stalling airspeed.
• Maintain heading and altitude at all times, trimming as necessary.
• Perform turns with a 5-10 degree bank.

Recovering

• Apply full power.
• Turn carburetor heat off.
• Apply right rudder.
• Set Flaps to 20 degrees.
• Set Flaps to 10 degrees.
• Retract Flaps.
• Maintain heading and altitude at all times, trimming as necessary.
• Complete the cruise checklist.

Tips

• Be smooth with the controls as airfoils are less effective at slower speeds.
• Control altitude with power: If you lose altitude, add more power, and if you gain altitude, reduce power.
• Control airspeed with pitch: If you lose airspeed, pitch slightly nose down, and if you gain airspeed, pitch slightly nose up.
• The more power you add, the more right rudder you need.

Normal Takeoff and Climb

• Objective: Understand and conduct proper procedures for a normal takeoff and climb, with or without crosswind
• Full Throttle
• Flaps 0
• At Vy, trim for airspeed

Soft Field Approach and Landing

• Objective: Perform a landing on a soft surface such as wet grass or soft dirt to touch down smoothly at a minimum rate of descent and ground speed, holding the nose wheel off the ground as long as possible.

Performing

• Perform a normal approach.
• On final approach, maintain 60 KIAS.
• After crossing the threshold, adjust power as needed for a minimal descent rate.
• At touchdown: Reduce power to idle, apply full back pressure on the yoke to keep the nose wheel off the ground, and use minimum braking.
• Allow the nose wheel to gently touch down on its own.
• Maintain full back pressure.
• Exit the runway.
• Complete the after-landing checklist.

Normal Approach and Landing

• Power: 1700 RPM
• Flaps: 10 degrees
• Altitude: Maintain 800 ft
• DOWNWIND: Carburetor Heat: On
• Power: 2300 RPM, Altitude: 800 ft
• Abeam the numbers descent to BASE, 45 Degrees
• Power: 1700 RPM, Airspeed: 70 KIAS, Flaps: 20 degrees, Altitude: 500 ft
• FINAL: Power: 1700 RPM Airspeed: 70 KIAS Flaps 30 Degrees, Altitude: 300 ft
• Airspeed: 60 kias, flaps 30 degrees, power as necessary
• UPWIND: Altitude: 500 ft
• CROSSWIND, Airspeed: Vy

S-Turns

• Objective: Fly a pattern of equal, alternating semi-circles across a road while correcting for wind drift and maintaining a constant altitude.

Establishing

• Complete the pre-maneuver checklist.
• Fly at 800 ft.
• Select a visual reference line on the ground that is ahead and perpendicular to the airplane.
• Enter the maneuver on the downwind side.

Performing

• Roll into the upwind turn when abeam the reference line.
• Start with a steep bank since the ground speed is highest.
• Transition to a moderate bank around 90° as the ground speed increases.
• Shallow the bank as you roll out around 180° since the ground speed is lowest.
• Roll out at 180°.

Performing the opposite turn

• Roll back into the downwind turn when over the reference line.
• Start with a shallow bank.
• Increase to a moderate bank around 90° as the ground speed increases.
• Steepen the bank to roll out around 180°.

Exiting

• Roll out at 180°.
• The objective is to maintain altitude and coordination.
• Complete the cruise checklist.

Tips

• Enter the maneuver on the downwind side.
• Divide attention between airplane control and ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.

Turns Around A Point

• Objective: Fly at a constant radius and constant altitude turn around a point by varying the bank to correct for the wind.

Establishing

• Complete the pre-maneuver checklist.
• Fly at 800 ft.
• Select a visual reference point on the ground that is ahead and perpendicular to the airplane.
• Enter on the downwind side.

Performing

• Roll Out at 180°.
• Perform steep bank.
• As the turn continues, begin to shallow the bank
• Directly upwind the bank should be at its shallowest.
• As the turn continues, begin to steepen the bank.
• The objective is to maintain altitude, coordination, and radius at all times.
• Complete the cruise checklist.

Tips

• Enter the maneuver on the downwind side.
• Divide attention between airplane control and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.
• If ground speed increases, roll into the steepest bank.
• If ground speed decreases, shallow the bank.

Steep Turns

• Objective: Develop a pilot's skill in flight control smoothness and coordination, awareness of the airplane's orientation to outside references, division of attention between flight controls application, and the constant need to scan for hazards.

Establishing

• Complete the pre-maneuver checklist.
• Select a visual reference point.
• Bank 45 degrees to the left.
• Apply back pressure on the elevator.
• Maintain altitude and coordination at all times.
• Add 100 RPMs of power.

Performing

• Roll out 25° before the entry heading.
• Bank 45 degrees to the right.
• Maintain altitude and coordination at all times.
• Roll out 25 degrees before the entry heading.
• Complete the cruise checklist.

Tips

• Before starting the maneuver, stabilize the airplane in level flight at cruise RPMs.
• If altitude is lost, slightly decrease the bank angle, and increase pitch and power.
• If altitude is gained, slightly increase the bank angle, and increase elevator back pressure.

Power On Stall

• Objective: Develop an awareness of what could happen if the airplane is pitched to an excessively nose-high attitude immediately after takeoff.

Establishing

• Complete the pre-maneuver checklist.
• Turn carburetor heat on.
• Set power to 1500 RPMs.
• Maintain heading and altitude at all times, trim as necessary.

Performing

• At 60 knots apply full power.
• Turn carburetor heat off.
• Apply right rudder.
• Progressively pitch the nose up until the airplane stalls.

Recovering

• Pitch down.
• Verify full power application.
• Increase airspeed
• Maintain coordination.
• Pitch for a climb until reaching the desired altitude.
• Complete the cruise checklist.

Tips

• A full stall is recognized by the buffet of the airplane and the stall warning device alarm.
• Be smooth with the controls.

Forward Slip To A Landing

• Objective: Performing a steep approach to a landing when flaps aren't available.

Performing

• On final approach, maintain an altitude of 800 ft.
• Reduce power to idle.
• Maintain an airspeed of 70 KIAS.
• Bank into the wind.
• Apply rudder to yaw in the direction opposite to the bank.
• On final approach, reduce airspeed to 60 KIAS.
• After dissipating excess altitude: Level the wings, release rudder pressure, and maintain control authority and pitch attitude throughout the landing.

Exiting

• Exit the runway.
• Complete the after-landing checklist.

Emergency Procedures for Engine Failure during Takeoff Roll

• Throttle: Idle
• Brakes: Apply
• Flaps: Retract
• Mixture: Idle Cut-Off
• Magnetos: Off

Emergency Procedures for Engine Failure After Takeoff

• Airspeed: Best Glide
• Mixture: Idle Cut-Off
• Fuel: Off
• Magnetos: Off
• Flaps: As Required
• Master: Off
• Doors: Unlatch
• Below 700 ft Land: Straight Ahead
• Above 700 ft Land: Best Place

Emergency Procedures For Engine Failure - In Flight

• Airspeed: Best Glide
• Best Place to Land: Select
• Fuel: Both
• Mixture: Full Rich
• Throttle: Open
• Carburetor Heat: On
• Magnetos (Start if propeller is stopped): L-R-BOTH
• Master: On
• Declare: 121.5, position
• Squawk: 7700
• Fuel: Off
• Mixture: Idle/Cut-Off
• Magnetos: Off
• Flaps: As Required
• Master: Off
• Doors: Unlatch
• Touchdown: Tail Low
• Brakes: Apply

Engine Fire - During Start

• Cranking: Continue
• If Engine Starts: Throttle 1700 RPM, Engine Shutdown
• If Engine Fails to Start: Throttle Full Open, Mixture Idle Cut-Off, Cranking Continue, Fire Extinguisher Obtain, Engine Secure

Engine Fire - In Flight

• Mixture: Idle Cut-Off
• Fuel Selector: Off
• Master: Off
• Emergency Landing: Execute

Electrical Failure - Discharge

• Alternator: Off
• Circuit Breakers: In
• Alternator: On
• If Discharge Continues: Alternator Off, Non-Essential Electrics Off
• Flight: Land As Soon As Practical

Electrical Fire - In Flight

• Master: Off
• Electrical Switches: Off
• Vents/Cabin Air: Closed
• Fire Extinguisher: Activate
• If Electrical Power is Necessary: Master On, Circuit Breakers Check, Switches On one at a time, Vents/Cabin Air Open

Short Field Approach and Landing

• Objective: Perform a landing over a simulated 50-foot obstacle using a minimum approach speed, touching down at the beginning of the runway, and stopping in the shortest possible distance.

Performing

• Perform a steep approach.
• Maintain an airspeed of 60 KIAS on final approach.
• Reduce power to idle after clearing a simulated 50 ft obstacle.
• At touchdown: Apply flaps up, maximum braking, and full back pressure on the yoke for increased aerodynamic braking.
• Maintain directional control during the roll-out.
• Stop within the shortest distance possible.
• Exit the runway.
• Complete the after-landing checklist.

Short Field Takeoff and Climb

• Objective: Performing a takeoff from a short runway and climbing as steeply as possible to clear simulated or actual obstacles at the departure end of the runway.
• Take-off power set
• Airspeed Alive
• Rotate
• Engine Gauges Check
• Power Check
• Brakes Released
• Full Throttle
• Accelerate to at Vy to clear obstacles