Power Dynamics in Policy Making
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the nature of policy making?

  • A process driven solely by individual decision-making
  • A process focused on non-decision making
  • A collaborative process with no conflicts
  • A struggle between groups with competing interests (correct)

    • What is the concept of power in policy making typically thought of as?

  • Having control over thought processes
  • Having control over decision making
  • Having control over others (correct)
  • Having control over non-decision making

    • Which dimension of power focuses on acts that influence policy decisions?

  • Power as policy outcomes
  • Power as thought control
  • Power as non-decision making
  • Power as decision making (correct)

    • Who characterized three dimensions of power, including power as decision making?

    <p>Steven Lukes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Robert Dahl's study, 'Who Governs', examine?

    <p>A &amp; C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do health economists often wish to limit the professional autonomy of the medical profession?

    <p>To control spending patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the outcome of conflicts in policy making depend on?

    <p>The balance of power and established processes/rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do doctors often oppose reforms that limit their professional autonomy?

    <p>To maintain the status quo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is power in policy making often characterized by?

    <p>Conflicts arising from proposed change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Max Weber, which of the following is NOT one of the three sources of authority?

    <p>Non-Rational-legal Authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of policy making?

    <p>Achieving a desired outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between power as decision making and power as non-decision making?

    <p>Power as decision making involves direct influence over key decisions, while power as non-decision making involves influencing the agenda and keeping threatening issues out of sight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between authority and coercion?

    <p>Authority exists when subordinates accept the dictates of their rulers without question, while coercion involves forcing someone to do something against their will</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of authority according to Max Weber?

    <p>Bureaucratic Authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is power as thought control?

    <p>The ability to influence others by shaping their preferences and perceptions of reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one example of power as non-decision making?

    <p>Limiting the scope of actual decision making to safe issues by manipulating dominant community values and political institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one source of Traditional according to Max Weber?

    <p>Long-standing custom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between power as decision making and power as non-decision making?

    <p>Power as decision making involves direct influence over key decisions, while power as non-decision making involves influencing the agenda and keeping threatening issues out of sight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one example of power as thought control?

    <p>The ability to influence others by shaping their preferences and perceptions of reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is likely to have more influence over a tobacco control policy in a country where tobacco constitutes a considerable proportion of the gross domestic product and is a valuable source of government revenue?

    <p>The tobacco industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the pluralist model of power distribution, power is dispersed throughout society and is influenced by the self-interest of groups.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of power distribution suggests that policy is dominated by a privileged minority and does not reflect the interests of the people?

    <p>The elitist model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Easton's Systems Model of Policy Making, the political system decides which goods, services, freedoms, rights, and privileges to grant and deny, and to whom.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of decision making recommends basing policy decisions on reason and science, rather than the vagaries of politics and real life?

    <p>The rational model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of decision making involves searching and undertaking small steps that are not far from the status quo, testing political waters and securing agreement of stakeholders?

    <p>The muddling through model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Governments can stagnate, resist change, and become habituated to the status quo.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of decision making combines elements of all theories to reach a middle ground?

    <p>The mixed scanning model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Baumgartner and Jones, the 'punctuated equilibrium' model suggests long periods of no change followed by sudden fundamental reform.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of decision making involves a wide view of the problem and detailed analysis of certain key components, and then a marginal adjustment by all stakeholders until agreeable to all involved?

    <p>The mixed scanning model then The incremental model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of Steven Lukes' three dimensions of power?

    <p>Power as influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Robert Dahl's study, 'Who Governs', what did he examine?

    <p>The preferences of interest groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outcome of any conflict depends on ?

    <p>the balance of power between the individuals and groups involved and the processes or rules established to resolve those conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a dimension of power identified in the text?

    <p>Power as agenda-setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Max Weber, which of the following is NOT a source of authority?

    <p>Bureaucratic Authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of power distribution suggests that power is dispersed throughout society and influenced by the self-interest of groups?

    <p>The pluralist model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a country where tobacco constitutes a considerable proportion of the gross domestic product and is a valuable source of government revenue, who is likely to have more influence over a tobacco control policy?

    <p>The tobacco industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Laswell's Systems Model of Policy Making, what does the political system decide?

    <p>Which goods, services, freedoms, rights, and privileges to grant and deny, and to whom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who characterized three dimensions of power, including power as decision making?

    <p>Steven lukes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of decision making involves basing policy decisions on reason and science, rather than the vagaries of politics and real life?

    <p>The rational model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Power as decision making involves the ability to initiate or veto policy proposals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Power as non-decision making refers to the practice of limiting the scope of actual decision making to safe issues.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bachrach and Baratz, power as non-decision making : Power is also exercised when A devotes his energies to creating or reinforcing social and political values and institutional practices that limit the scope of the political process to public consideration of only those issues which are comparatively innocuous to A’.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Authority exists when subordinates accept the dictates of their rulers without question.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weber identified Traditional, Charismatic, and Rational-legal as the three sources of authority.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Power as thought control involves shaping meanings and perceptions of reality to influence others.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Policy making is characterized by conflicts that arise when change is proposed or pursued which threatens the status quo.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Power in policy making is often characterized by a struggle between groups with competing interests.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Power as decision making focuses on acts of individuals and groups which influence policy decisions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Power as thought control refers to the ability to control the thoughts and beliefs of others.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Robert Dahl's study, 'Who Governs', examined the known preferences of interest groups and compared these with policy outcomes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The outcome of any conflict in policy making depends on the balance of power between the individuals and groups involved.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The distribution of power depends on specific policy content and context.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: In a country where tobacco constitutes a considerable proportion of the gross domestic product and is a valuable source of government revenue, the tobacco industry is likely to have more influence over a tobacco control policy than the Ministry of Health and public health and consumer interest groups.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: In the same country mentioned above, the industry may have less influence over policy to screen for cancer than the Ministry of Health, the medical profession, and patient groups.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The pluralist model is dominant in liberal democracies, where power is dispersed throughout society and groups self-interest.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The elitist model suggests that policy is dominated by a privileged minority and does not reflect the interests of the people.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: According to Easton's Systems Model of Policy Making, the political system decides which goods, services, freedoms, rights, and privileges to grant and deny, and to whom.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The rational model of decision making recommends basing policy decisions on reason and science, rather than the vagaries of politics and real life.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: According to Baumgartner and Jones, the 'punctuated equilibrium' model suggests long periods of no change followed by sudden fundamental reform.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three dimensions of power identified by Bachrach and Baratz?

    <p>Power as decision making, power as non-decision making, power as thought control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three sources of authority identified by Max Weber?

    <p>Traditional Authority, Charismatic Authority, Rational-legal Authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between power as decision making and power as non-decision making?

    <p>Power as decision making involves the ability to initiate or veto policy proposals, while power as non-decision making involves limiting the scope of the political process to safe issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who has the power to impose and resist policies?

    <p>The question of who has the power to impose and resist policies depends on the ability to influence others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is power as thought control?

    <p>Power as thought control refers to the ability to shape meanings and perceptions of reality to influence others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of authority identified by Max Weber?

    <p>Traditional Authority, Charismatic Authority, Rational-legal Authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three dimensions of power identified by Steven Lukes?

    <p>Power as decision making, power as non-decision making, power as thought control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the concept of power as decision making in policy making.

    <p>Power as decision making focuses on acts of individuals and groups that influence policy decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is power as non-decision making and provide an example of it.

    <p>Power as non-decision making refers to the practice of limiting the scope of actual decision making to safe issues. An example of power as non-decision making is when certain issues are deliberately left off the agenda and not considered for discussion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is power as thought control defined and how does it influence others?

    <p>Power as thought control involves shaping meanings and perceptions of reality to influence others. It influences others by controlling their thoughts and beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'punctuated equilibrium' model of policy change and how does it describe the pattern of change?

    <p>The 'punctuated equilibrium' model suggests long periods of no change followed by sudden fundamental reform. It describes the pattern of change as periods of stability interrupted by abrupt and significant shifts in policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major theories of power distribution?

    <p>The pluralist model, the elitist model, and the Marxist model.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the pluralist model and the elitist model of power distribution?

    <p>The pluralist model suggests that power is dispersed throughout society and influenced by the self-interest of groups, while the elitist model suggests that policy is dominated by a privileged minority and does not reflect the interests of the people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Laswell's Systems Model of Policy Making, what does the political system decide?

    <p>The political system decides which goods, services, freedoms, rights, and privileges to grant and deny, and to whom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of power in policy making typically thought of as?

    <p>Power in policy making is typically thought of as the ability to influence or control the decision-making process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do doctors often oppose reforms that limit their professional autonomy?

    <p>Doctors often oppose reforms that limit their professional autonomy because they value their independence and believe it is necessary for providing quality patient care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is power in policy making often characterized by?

    <p>Power in policy making is often characterized by conflicts that arise when change is proposed or pursued which threatens the status quo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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