Power & Authority 1919-1946
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the key components of the Hitler Program?

  • Demand the union of Germans to form a greater Germany (correct)
  • Create a democratic government
  • Establish a peace treaty with Poland
  • Promote freedom of speech

    • The Treaty of Versailles was viewed positively by the German people.

    False

    What impact did the Great Depression have on the rise of the Nazis?

    It affected middle class families, leading to increased support for extremist parties like the Nazis.

    The concept of __________ refers to 'living space' as demanded by Nazis for the nourishment of their people.

    <p>lebensraum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Mein Kampf = Book outlining Hitler's beliefs and policies Article 48 = Allowed Hitler to override democracy KPD = Communist Party of Germany NSDAP = National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the primary incentives for women in Nazi Germany?

    <p>Motherhood Cross for producing more children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Women in Nazi Germany were encouraged to take on more roles in civil service.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical attributes were preferred for women in Nazi Germany?

    <p>Child-bearing hips and peasant clothes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Nazi Germany, women were encouraged to take on a ________ role to support the regime's objectives.

    <p>domestic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of women's roles in Nazi Germany with their descriptions:

    <p>Home = Encouraged for child-bearing and domestic roles Appearance = Advocated for no makeup and traditional clothing Employment = Removed from jobs previously available under Weimar Marriage = Promoted as essential for producing more Aryans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main ambitions of Germany in Europe after World War I?

    <p>Create an expansive pan-German state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Japan aimed to become a dominant power in the Asia-Pacific by respecting the sovereignty of its neighbors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ideological principles did Germany promote in the New Order of Europe?

    <p>Racial superiority and social Darwinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Japan's ambitions were characterized by _____ and the idea of living space.

    <p>imperialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ideologies was emphasized by the Nazi regime to justify territorial expansion?

    <p>Lebensraum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Nazi ideology supported diplomacy with all countries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic principle did the Nazis promote to reduce dependency on other nations?

    <p>Autarky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nazi policies included ______ to eliminate minority populations.

    <p>Ghettoism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of Nazi ideology with their descriptions:

    <p>Fuhrerprinzip = Tyrannical and totalitarian leadership Nationalism = Prioritization of German interests and identity Anti-Semitism = Hostility towards Jewish people Volkgemeinschaft = Unity among racially pure Germans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a key component of Nazi foreign policy?

    <p>Selective agreements with specific countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social Darwinism was used by the Nazis to argue for racial superiority.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of prominent individuals in the Nazi state?

    <p>They played pivotal roles in shaping policies and ideologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a key factor in the success of the Nazi Party?

    <p>Propaganda communicated by Goebbels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Munich Putsch of 1923 was an immediate success for Hitler and the Nazi Party.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main goal of the Munich Putsch?

    <p>To overthrow the government and increase the power of the Nazi Party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The head of the SS and personal protector of Hitler was ______.

    <p>Heinrich Himmler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Nazi strategies with their descriptions:

    <p>Propaganda = Controlled information and media Terror = Use of fear and repression Repression = Elimination of political opponents Welfare programs = Attracting support from the working class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ideology was primarily promoted by the Nazis to instill national sentiments?

    <p>Volkgemeinschaft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hitler's book 'Mein Kampf' was written after the Munich Putsch.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one method used by the Gestapo to maintain power?

    <p>Utilizing terror to instill fear and control the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the SA, also known as the Brownshirts?

    <p>To engage in street violence and intimidate opponents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Night of the Long Knives led to the execution of Rohm and key SA leaders.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of the Gestapo during the Nazi regime?

    <p>Secret police for surveillance and repression of opposition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Nazis promoted ________ to manipulate public perception and suppress dissent.

    <p>propaganda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Nazi repression methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Censorship = Banning opposition newspapers and controlling information 1933 Book Burning = Public removal of books with anti-Nazi sentiment The Gestapo = Secret police used for surveillance and capture of disloyal individuals The SS = An organization that ran concentration camps and exercised terror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event is associated with the establishment of Hitler's authority as the key head of state?

    <p>The Night of the Long Knives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Nazi regime believed that cruelty was a tool that commanded respect.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of Nazi censorship and how did it affect public discourse?

    <p>To control narratives and silence opposing viewpoints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Power & Authority in the Modern World (1919-1946)

    • Peace Treaties Overview: An overview of peace treaties that ended World War I and their consequences are outlined. Key treaties include Trianon (Hungary, 1920), Sevres (Turkey, 1920), Treaty of Versailles (Germany, 1919), Treaty of Austria (1919), and Treaty of Saint Germain (1919).

    • Treaty of Versailles (1919 - Germany): Germany was forced to sign the treaty and accept full blame for WWI (War Guilt Clause), leading to significant economic hardships (billions in reparations) and territorial losses. Germany's reduced military, loss of territory, and the economic burden fuelled resentment and anger among the German population and contributed to Hitler's rise to power.

    • Treaty of Saint Germain (1919): Resulted in territorial losses for Austria, impacting Austria.

    • Treaty consequences: These treaties caused widespread disillusionment and resentment, particularly in Germany, contributing to the rise of extremism and dictatorships.

    • Hitler's Rise to Power (contributing factors): Factors like the Treaty of Versailles, economic turmoil and bankruptcy, and the failure of the Weimar Republic created conditions for Hitler's rise to power. Widespread German anger and a lack of faith in democracy are associated with the treaty's inability to address German grievances. Hitler leveraged popular discontent.

    • Peace Treaties Analysis: Peace treaties were often considered short-sighted and vindictive causing broken regimes and redrawing of European maps.

    • 20-year interwar period (dictator causes): Factors like a low level of education, economic hardships, and instability led to the rise of dictatorships in several European countries. Dictators often capitalized on widespread issues to gain power.

    Assessment of Peace Treaties' Effectiveness:

    • Imbalance and Rage of Dictators: The imbalance of European powers and the grievances and anger generated by the peace treaties contributed to the rise of dictatorships. France and Britain had different responses, with France demanding revenge and Britain aiming to create a strong European economy.

    • Effectiveness of Peace Treaties: Peace treaties were not effective in promoting peace; rather, they fueled resentment contributing to dictatorships.

    20th-Century Dictatorships Assessment:

    • Dictatorship Overview: Key dictatorships emerging in Russia (Communist), Germany (Fascist), Japan (Fascist), and Italy (Fascist) have their own unique characteristics and traits. Key distinctions between these dictatorships include type of ideology, methods used to consolidate power, and impact in different spheres.

    Nazi Regimes

    • Nazi Ideology Overview: Nazi ideology encompassed anti-western ideologies, a cult of personality (Hitler), militarism, pseudo-racial theory, and a disregard for the Treaty of Versailles. Methods of control included terror (Gestapo, concentration camps), cult of personality (Hitler), and propaganda.

    • Methods of Control: Nazi ideology promoted a cult of leadership, a sense of racial superiority, and extreme nationalism. Methods used to consolidate power included propaganda, terror, and coercion. Propaganda and censorship were critical tools alongside terror and repression.

    • Nazi Consolidation of Power: Key events contributed to the Nazis' consolidation of power, including the Reichstag fire, the Night of the Long Knives, and the Enabling Act. These events, along with tactics like censorship, propaganda, and political manipulation, helped the Nazi party consolidate power.

    • Methods and Impacts of Control: Nazi methods of control, such as propaganda, terror, and persecution, had significant consequences. Methods of propaganda targeted civilians and had long lasting impact.

    • Nazi Propaganda: The development and application of propaganda techniques and the role of prominent figures such as Joseph Goebbels were influential. Methods of propaganda included media control and censorship to reach vast audiences and influence public opinion.

    • Nazi Ideology Details: This included promoting a racial ideology, and a belief in racial superiority.

    • Nazi Censorship: Censorship and propaganda were used to control information and maintain power. 1933 book burning is a key example.

    Nazi Regime Impact

    • Youth: Nazi youth indoctrination programs and encouragement of militarism affected young people to embrace Nazi ideology.

    • Women: The Nazi regime's policies on women emphasized motherhood and domesticity.

    • Minorities: Nazi regime policies targeted and persecuted various minorities, including Jews, leading to genocide and extermination.

    • Workers: Nazi regime policies affected job security, freedoms, and economic opportunities impacting workers in Germany.

    • Cultural Expression: Nazi policies negatively impacted cultural expression, suppressing non-conformist ideas (anti-German).

    • Religion: Nazi policies aimed to control faith and religious beliefs suppressing opposition to Nazi ideology.

    • Opposition to the Nazi regime*: Analysis of opposition to the regime from German citizens across different societal groups and its lack of effectiveness in challenging the regime is outlined.

    Peace and Security in the Early 20th Century:

    • Peace Treaty Effects: The effects of peace settlements and their role in fostering or hindering international cooperation are examined.

    • International Cooperation Failures: The League of Nations, although intended to prevent future wars, proved inadequate.

    Social and Economic Impacts of War:

    • Global Impacts: The societal and economic effects of war on various countries and involved populations are outlined, especially for civilians.

    • Specific Examples: The impact of the Holocaust on Nazi occupied peoples.

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    HSC Modern History Notes - Yehansa

    Description

    Explore the critical peace treaties that shaped post-World War I Europe, including the Treaty of Versailles and its long-lasting consequences. Understand how these agreements influenced national sentiments, particularly in Germany, and set the stage for future conflicts. Delve into the complexities of power dynamics during this transformative period.

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