Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most suitable term for the infection in both turkeys and chickens?
What is the most suitable term for the infection in both turkeys and chickens?
Which group of poultry is more severely affected by the disease?
Which group of poultry is more severely affected by the disease?
What is one of the methods used for diagnosing the disease in poultry?
What is one of the methods used for diagnosing the disease in poultry?
Which respiratory issue is commonly associated with broiler breeders in advanced stages of disease?
Which respiratory issue is commonly associated with broiler breeders in advanced stages of disease?
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What is a control measure implemented to reduce virus multiplication in poultry?
What is a control measure implemented to reduce virus multiplication in poultry?
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Which virus is primarily categorized based on its different serotypes in poultry medicine?
Which virus is primarily categorized based on its different serotypes in poultry medicine?
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What effect can live vaccines have during environmental stress in poultry?
What effect can live vaccines have during environmental stress in poultry?
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Which country has recently reported a strain of infectious bronchitis virus with nephropathogenicity?
Which country has recently reported a strain of infectious bronchitis virus with nephropathogenicity?
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What has been the trend of Newcastle disease virus in the U.S. over the past 20 years?
What has been the trend of Newcastle disease virus in the U.S. over the past 20 years?
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Which type of vaccine is commonly used for Newcastle disease virus worldwide?
Which type of vaccine is commonly used for Newcastle disease virus worldwide?
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Which virus primarily affects respiratory tissues, but has been identified to target other tissues in some strains?
Which virus primarily affects respiratory tissues, but has been identified to target other tissues in some strains?
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Which of the following is a primary invader among the listed viruses affecting chickens?
Which of the following is a primary invader among the listed viruses affecting chickens?
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What method has contributed to the identification of differences among viral isolates?
What method has contributed to the identification of differences among viral isolates?
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Study Notes
Respiratory Viruses in Poultry
- Several viruses target the chicken respiratory tract: infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), avian influenza virus (AIV), and pneumovirus.
- Secondary invaders include adenovirus and reovirus.
- Infectious bronchitis virus, Newcastle disease virus, and avian influenza virus affect multiple body systems.
- Live and inactivated vaccines are used to control these viruses.
Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)
- IBV, notably its serotypes, is a significant poultry virus.
- The Massachusetts (Mass) strain is the main prototype.
- New variants have emerged, notably in Australia (nephropathogenicity) and Japan (tissues beyond the respiratory tract).
- Other countries (Hungary, Italy) have also reported nephrotropic strains.
- A new vaccine using strain 4/91 (serotype 793B) is now approved in Europe.
- Molecular techniques reveal more variations, demanding research on vaccine effectiveness for new strains..
Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV)
- NDV has various strains, including lentogenic (often found in vaccinated broiler flocks).
- Lentogenic strains are more prevalent during respiratory outbreaks, which are common during colder months and less common in summer.
- Velogenic strains, a more severe form, haven't been detected in the US for over 20 years, but other countries still experience them.
- Outbreaks were reported in many regions in 1996.
- Vaccination uses low-reactivity live vaccines (like B1 and LaSota)
Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILTV)
- ILTV is impacting broiler flocks more now, previously impacting layer and breeders more.
- Vaccine success is limited, particularly with administration methods.
- New vaccine development is crucial (particularly in Japan and the University of Georgia)
Avian Pneumovirus Infection (and Related conditions)
- This impacts both chickens and turkeys (turkey rhinotracheitis/TRT, swollen head syndrome).
- Broiler breeders are more severely affected (infraorbital sinus swelling, torticollis).
- Diagnosis is conducted via virus isolation and antibody detection (e.g., neutralization and ELISA tests).
- Vaccines aid in managing the disease, leading to better respiratory control and production.
Avian Influenza Virus (AIV)
- AIV causes sporadic outbreaks.
- Highly pathogenic form is easily identified because of high mortality and typical symptoms.
- Low pathogenic strains can evolve into highly pathogenic ones. Controlling measures include eradication or vaccination to reduce the multiplication.
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Description
Test your knowledge on respiratory viruses affecting poultry, including infectious bronchitis virus, Newcastle disease virus, and avian influenza virus. Explore their impacts, vaccine strategies, and emerging variants. This quiz covers essential aspects of poultry health management.
