Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the maximum floor space for birds per square meter in a tier battery cage?
What is the maximum floor space for birds per square meter in a tier battery cage?
- 15-20
- 10
- 12
- 18-25 (correct)
What is the recommended feeder space for broiler parent stock?
What is the recommended feeder space for broiler parent stock?
- 20 cm
- 4 cm
- 15 cm (correct)
- 10 cm
Which type of heating source is recommended for large scale chick operations during the first two weeks?
Which type of heating source is recommended for large scale chick operations during the first two weeks?
- Bulb
- Gas brooder (correct)
- Rice hulls
- Charcoal
What is the crude protein percentage required for broiler finisher feed?
What is the crude protein percentage required for broiler finisher feed?
What is the recommended drinker space for heavy type birds using a round drinker?
What is the recommended drinker space for heavy type birds using a round drinker?
Which cleaning procedure helps break the disease cycle on the farm?
Which cleaning procedure helps break the disease cycle on the farm?
What is the feeder space requirement for layers in the laying period?
What is the feeder space requirement for layers in the laying period?
Which type of battery cage allows for the highest density of birds per square meter?
Which type of battery cage allows for the highest density of birds per square meter?
Which native chicken breed is associated with Batangas?
Which native chicken breed is associated with Batangas?
What is the main purpose of cross breeding in poultry?
What is the main purpose of cross breeding in poultry?
What does the term 'heterosis' refer to in breeding?
What does the term 'heterosis' refer to in breeding?
Which mating method involves a single male with a group of females for the breeding season?
Which mating method involves a single male with a group of females for the breeding season?
What is an appropriate male to female ratio for heavy breed poultry?
What is an appropriate male to female ratio for heavy breed poultry?
What type of inbreeding involves mating of closely related animals with common ancestors within 4-6 generations?
What type of inbreeding involves mating of closely related animals with common ancestors within 4-6 generations?
Which environment consideration is essential for poultry housing?
Which environment consideration is essential for poultry housing?
Which of the following breeds is a free-range chicken from Israel?
Which of the following breeds is a free-range chicken from Israel?
What is the primary purpose of disinfection during house preparation?
What is the primary purpose of disinfection during house preparation?
Which of the following is a requirement for successful brooding management?
Which of the following is a requirement for successful brooding management?
What is the correct in-house temperature required during the brooding period?
What is the correct in-house temperature required during the brooding period?
During which phase of chick placement should the brooding area be pre-heated?
During which phase of chick placement should the brooding area be pre-heated?
Which of these chicks should be rejected during the selection process?
Which of these chicks should be rejected during the selection process?
What is the first step in preparing the floor for cleaning?
What is the first step in preparing the floor for cleaning?
Which of the following factors can impact flock uniformity during the brooding period?
Which of the following factors can impact flock uniformity during the brooding period?
How often should disinfection be performed during the house preparation?
How often should disinfection be performed during the house preparation?
What is the ideal age range for pullets to start laying eggs?
What is the ideal age range for pullets to start laying eggs?
Which factor is NOT associated with the successful rearing of pullets?
Which factor is NOT associated with the successful rearing of pullets?
What is the minimum light intensity needed for the laying period of chickens?
What is the minimum light intensity needed for the laying period of chickens?
What is a common cause of cannibalism in chickens?
What is a common cause of cannibalism in chickens?
Which practice is performed to prevent cannibalism in chickens?
Which practice is performed to prevent cannibalism in chickens?
During what stage should the light duration gradually be reduced to 10-9 hours?
During what stage should the light duration gradually be reduced to 10-9 hours?
What is the recommended flock uniformity percentage for successful rearing of pullets?
What is the recommended flock uniformity percentage for successful rearing of pullets?
What is the primary purpose of extending light duration for pullets during their rearing period?
What is the primary purpose of extending light duration for pullets during their rearing period?
What is the causative agent of Newcastle disease (NCD)?
What is the causative agent of Newcastle disease (NCD)?
Which clinical sign is associated with Infectious bursal disease (IBD)?
Which clinical sign is associated with Infectious bursal disease (IBD)?
How is Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) primarily transmitted?
How is Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) primarily transmitted?
What is a common clinical sign of colibacillosis?
What is a common clinical sign of colibacillosis?
At what age do birds typically start showing signs of Infectious bursal disease (IBD)?
At what age do birds typically start showing signs of Infectious bursal disease (IBD)?
Which of the following is NOT a method of transmission for Newcastle disease (NCD)?
Which of the following is NOT a method of transmission for Newcastle disease (NCD)?
Which medication is administered at 10-12 days in the broiler medication program?
Which medication is administered at 10-12 days in the broiler medication program?
What is the primary clinical sign of coccidiosis in poultry?
What is the primary clinical sign of coccidiosis in poultry?
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Study Notes
Native Chickens
- Indigenous breeds include Banaba (Batangas), Bolinao (Pangasinan), Boholano (Bohol), Darag (Panay), Paraoakan (Palawan), Zampen (Zamboanga Peninsula), and Camarines (Bicol).
Free Range Chickens
- Kabir originates from Israel.
- Sasso is a breed from France.
Breeding Practices in Poultry
- 1950s: Development of white egg layers from Single Comb White Leghorn.
- 1960s: Brown egg layers were created from Rhode Island Red crossed with SCWL.
- Meat types were developed from Cornish and Plymouth White Rock.
Systems of Breeding
- Inbreeding: Mating closely related animals.
- Close breeding involves siblings or parent-offspring pairs.
- Line breeding involves second-degree relatives for desired traits.
- Ordinary inbreeding involves distantly related animals.
- Out breeding: Mating unrelated animals.
- Upgrading is crossing a native breed with an exotic.
- Out crossing is mating unrelated animals of the same breed.
- Cross breeding maximizes hybrid vigor, resulting in heterosis.
Breeding Methods
- Strain Crossing: Crossing two strains with similar productive traits.
- Line Crossing: Crossing of highly inbred lines.
Mating Methods
- Pen Mating: One male with a group of females.
- Stud Mating: One male with one female in individual cages.
- Flock Mating: Multiple roosters with a specified number of hens.
Male to Female Ratio
- Light breeds: 1 male to 11-12 females
- Medium breeds: 1 male to 10-11 females
- Heavy breeds: 1 male to 10 females
Housing and Environment
- Poultry houses should be on well-drained land, near clean water, accessible for transport, far from noise, and nearby to processing facilities.
- Orientation should be East-West for optimal sunlight protection.
Types of Battery Cages
- Flat deck: 10 birds per sq m
- Stair-step: 12 birds per sq m
- Compact: 15-20 birds per sq m
- Pyramid: 15-20 birds per sq m
- Tier: 18-25 birds per sq m
Feeding Management
- Broilers:
- Starter (0-14 days): 22-24% crude protein
- Grower (15-28 days): 20-21% crude protein
- Finisher (29-harvest): 19-21% crude protein
- Layers:
- Starter (0-4 weeks): 20-21% crude protein
- Grower (4-11 weeks): 16-18% crude protein
- Developer (11-17 weeks): 14-16% crude protein
- Laying (17-laying period): 18% crude protein
Water and Feeder Space Requirements
- Varies by type and age:
- Trough and round feeder space differ based on age.
- Drinker space increases with bird size.
Heating Requirements
- Infra-red heaters recommended for the first two weeks for mass operations; alternatives include gas brooders or charcoal for small-scale operations.
Brooding Management
- Starts with chick placement and lasts up to 14 days for broilers, focusing on comfort and essential needs for optimal growth.
- Essential elements include clean litter, heat supply, and suitable feeding.
Chick Quality Standards
- Healthy, uniform size without physical deformities; minimum weight of 40 grams.
Common Poultry Diseases
-
Viral:
- Newcastle Disease: Affects all ages, causing respiratory issues.
- Infectious Bursal Disease: Affects young birds, leading to depression and diarrhea.
-
Bacterial:
- Colibacillosis: Caused by E. coli, leads to high mortality in chicks.
- Chronic Respiratory Disease: By Mycoplasma gallisepticum, affects respiratory health and production.
-
Parasitic:
- Coccidiosis: Infection from Eimeria, marked by emaciation and diarrhea.
Health Management
- Prescriptive medication programs vary by age for broilers and layers, aiming for best health and resistance.
Cannibalism Prevention
- Ensuring balanced rations, adequate space, proper ventilation, and appropriate lighting can prevent cannibalistic behaviors in flocks.
- Debeaking may be practiced early to reduce injury among birds.
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