Poultry Breeds and Breeding Practices

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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum floor space for birds per square meter in a tier battery cage?

15-20

18-25 (correct)

What is the recommended feeder space for broiler parent stock?

20 cm

4 cm

15 cm (correct)

10 cm

Which type of heating source is recommended for large scale chick operations during the first two weeks?

Bulb

Gas brooder (correct)

Rice hulls

Charcoal

What is the crude protein percentage required for broiler finisher feed?

19-21% Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended drinker space for heavy type birds using a round drinker?

3.75 cm Signup and view all the answers

Which cleaning procedure helps break the disease cycle on the farm?

Dispose of farm rejects immediately Signup and view all the answers

What is the feeder space requirement for layers in the laying period?

18 cm Signup and view all the answers

Which type of battery cage allows for the highest density of birds per square meter?

Tier Signup and view all the answers

Which native chicken breed is associated with Batangas?

Banaba of Batangas Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of cross breeding in poultry?

To take advantage of hybrid vigor Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'heterosis' refer to in breeding?

The increased performance of crossbreds Signup and view all the answers

Which mating method involves a single male with a group of females for the breeding season?

Pen mating Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate male to female ratio for heavy breed poultry?

1:10 Signup and view all the answers

What type of inbreeding involves mating of closely related animals with common ancestors within 4-6 generations?

Close breeding Signup and view all the answers

Which environment consideration is essential for poultry housing?

Well-drained land Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following breeds is a free-range chicken from Israel?

Kabir Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of disinfection during house preparation?

To reduce or eliminate pathogenic organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a requirement for successful brooding management?

Good supply of clean and dry litter Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct in-house temperature required during the brooding period?

28°C Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of chick placement should the brooding area be pre-heated?

30 minutes to 1 hour prior to chick arrival Signup and view all the answers

Which of these chicks should be rejected during the selection process?

Chicks that are extremely weak Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in preparing the floor for cleaning?

Spray water under low pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can impact flock uniformity during the brooding period?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How often should disinfection be performed during the house preparation?

Two times with a rest period Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal age range for pullets to start laying eggs?

18-20 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with the successful rearing of pullets?

Mortality rate of over 5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum light intensity needed for the laying period of chickens?

10-15 lux Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of cannibalism in chickens?

Insufficient drinking space Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is performed to prevent cannibalism in chickens?

Debeaking Signup and view all the answers

During what stage should the light duration gradually be reduced to 10-9 hours?

Brooding stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended flock uniformity percentage for successful rearing of pullets?

80% ± 10% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of extending light duration for pullets during their rearing period?

To increase feeding time and body development Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of Newcastle disease (NCD)?

Paramyxovirus Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical sign is associated with Infectious bursal disease (IBD)?

Whitish diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

How is Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) primarily transmitted?

Vertical and horizontal transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical sign of colibacillosis?

Pasty vent Signup and view all the answers

At what age do birds typically start showing signs of Infectious bursal disease (IBD)?

3-6 weeks old Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of transmission for Newcastle disease (NCD)?

Contaminated feed Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is administered at 10-12 days in the broiler medication program?

Vitamin E Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary clinical sign of coccidiosis in poultry?

Bloody wet dropping Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Native Chickens

Indigenous breeds include Banaba (Batangas), Bolinao (Pangasinan), Boholano (Bohol), Darag (Panay), Paraoakan (Palawan), Zampen (Zamboanga Peninsula), and Camarines (Bicol).

Free Range Chickens

Kabir originates from Israel.
Sasso is a breed from France.

Breeding Practices in Poultry

1950s: Development of white egg layers from Single Comb White Leghorn.
1960s: Brown egg layers were created from Rhode Island Red crossed with SCWL.
Meat types were developed from Cornish and Plymouth White Rock.

Systems of Breeding

Inbreeding: Mating closely related animals.
- Close breeding involves siblings or parent-offspring pairs.
- Line breeding involves second-degree relatives for desired traits.
- Ordinary inbreeding involves distantly related animals.
Out breeding: Mating unrelated animals.
- Upgrading is crossing a native breed with an exotic.
- Out crossing is mating unrelated animals of the same breed.
- Cross breeding maximizes hybrid vigor, resulting in heterosis.

Breeding Methods

Strain Crossing: Crossing two strains with similar productive traits.
Line Crossing: Crossing of highly inbred lines.

Mating Methods

Pen Mating: One male with a group of females.
Stud Mating: One male with one female in individual cages.
Flock Mating: Multiple roosters with a specified number of hens.

Male to Female Ratio

Light breeds: 1 male to 11-12 females
Medium breeds: 1 male to 10-11 females
Heavy breeds: 1 male to 10 females

Housing and Environment

Poultry houses should be on well-drained land, near clean water, accessible for transport, far from noise, and nearby to processing facilities.
Orientation should be East-West for optimal sunlight protection.

Types of Battery Cages

Flat deck: 10 birds per sq m
Stair-step: 12 birds per sq m
Compact: 15-20 birds per sq m
Pyramid: 15-20 birds per sq m
Tier: 18-25 birds per sq m

Feeding Management

Broilers:
- Starter (0-14 days): 22-24% crude protein
- Grower (15-28 days): 20-21% crude protein
- Finisher (29-harvest): 19-21% crude protein
Layers:
- Starter (0-4 weeks): 20-21% crude protein
- Grower (4-11 weeks): 16-18% crude protein
- Developer (11-17 weeks): 14-16% crude protein
- Laying (17-laying period): 18% crude protein

Water and Feeder Space Requirements

Varies by type and age:
- Trough and round feeder space differ based on age.
- Drinker space increases with bird size.

Heating Requirements

Infra-red heaters recommended for the first two weeks for mass operations; alternatives include gas brooders or charcoal for small-scale operations.

Brooding Management

Starts with chick placement and lasts up to 14 days for broilers, focusing on comfort and essential needs for optimal growth.
Essential elements include clean litter, heat supply, and suitable feeding.

Chick Quality Standards

Healthy, uniform size without physical deformities; minimum weight of 40 grams.

Common Poultry Diseases

Viral:
- Newcastle Disease: Affects all ages, causing respiratory issues.
- Infectious Bursal Disease: Affects young birds, leading to depression and diarrhea.
Bacterial:
- Colibacillosis: Caused by E. coli, leads to high mortality in chicks.
- Chronic Respiratory Disease: By Mycoplasma gallisepticum, affects respiratory health and production.
Parasitic:
- Coccidiosis: Infection from Eimeria, marked by emaciation and diarrhea.

Health Management

Prescriptive medication programs vary by age for broilers and layers, aiming for best health and resistance.

Cannibalism Prevention

Ensuring balanced rations, adequate space, proper ventilation, and appropriate lighting can prevent cannibalistic behaviors in flocks.
Debeaking may be practiced early to reduce injury among birds.

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Description

Explore the diverse world of poultry with this quiz focused on indigenous chicken breeds, free-range varieties, and breeding practices. Learn about the origin and development of egg and meat types, including inbreeding and out breeding methods. Test your knowledge on these important aspects of poultry farming!