Potassium Concentrations in Blood Specimens

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What is the main reason for the higher chloride ion concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared to blood?

Increased osmotic pressure in the CSF compared to blood
Increased selectivity of the blood-brain barrier against proteins, leading to higher chloride ions to maintain electrical and osmotic equilibrium (correct)
Decreased active transport of chloride ions out of the CSF
Increased active transport of chloride ions into the CSF

What is the primary mechanism responsible for the unequal distribution of ions across the cell membrane?

Facilitated diffusion of ions through channel proteins
Active transport of sodium out of the cell against an electrochemical gradient (correct)
Osmotic pressure differences between the intracellular and extracellular fluids
Passive diffusion of ions down their concentration gradients

What is the primary function of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump in most cell membranes?

To maintain the resting membrane potential (correct)
To establish the osmotic gradient between the intracellular and extracellular fluids
To transport glucose and other nutrients into the cell
To regulate the pH of the intracellular fluid

Which of the following is the most significant difference between serum and plasma electrolyte levels?

Differences in values between serum and heparinized plasma (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Na+-H+ exchanger in the cell membrane?

To regulate the pH of the intracellular fluid (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical specimen used for electrolyte analysis?

Cerebrospinal fluid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the intracellular fluid (ICF) in terms of total body volume?

66% (C) Signup and view all the answers

During bacterial sepsis, what happens to the permeability of the vascular endothelium?

It increases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of leakage of albumin in pathologic conditions like bacterial sepsis?

Increased endothelial permeability (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to Gibbs-Donnan Equilibrium, what happens when two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane have different concentrations of ions that cannot freely move through?

Unequal distribution of diffusible ions at steady state occurs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased permeability of the vascular endothelium on the effective circulating volume?

It decreases (D) Signup and view all the answers

In pathologic conditions like bacterial sepsis, what clinical manifestation is a result of leakage of albumin and reduced effective circulating volume?

Hypovolemic shock (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about potassium levels in blood samples is correct?

Hemolysis of blood can lead to erroneously high potassium results in serum. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of sodium in the body?

Maintaining the osmotic pressure in the extracellular fluid compartment. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of sodium according to the text?

3-6 g (90-250 mmol) of sodium per day (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is NOT mentioned as being of primary importance in the regulation of water balance in the body?

Regulation of sodium levels by the kidneys (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about serum and plasma is correct?

Plasma is preferred for determining blood potassium concentrations due to potential interference from platelets. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about proteins in serum is correct?

The text does not provide any information about the role of proteins in serum. (C) Signup and view all the answers