30 Questions
Which term describes a body part that is closer to the midline?
Medial
Which term describes a body part that is away from the midline?
Lateral
Which term describes a body part that is towards the front?
Anterior
Which term describes a body part that is towards the back?
Posterior
Which term describes a body part that is closer to the point of attachment?
Proximal
Which term describes a body part that is further from the point of attachment?
Distal
During cell division, chromosomes are formed and carry genetic information. What is the role of DNA in this process?
DNA serves as the master blueprint for protein synthesis
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
What happens during transcription?
RNA nucleotides attach to exposed DNA bases
What is the function of mRNA?
To synthesize proteins
Where does the editing of mRNA occur?
Nucleus
How is the edited mRNA transported out of the nucleus?
Through nuclear pores
Which term refers to the body's ability to maintain a constant internal environment?
Homeostasis
What are the basic physiological needs necessary to maintain homeostasis?
Water, food, oxygen, temperature, and pressure
What is the #1 way that the body controls and maintains homeostasis?
Negative feedback
What are the three components involved in negative feedback?
Receptor, control center, effector
What is the role of the control center in negative feedback?
Analyzes the information and determines a response
What is the 'starting point' for all descriptive terms that can be applied to the body?
Anatomical position
Which mineral is most often associated with healthy bones and teeth?
Calcium
What is the main role of potassium in the body?
All of the above
What is the process of using fats as energy to maintain life called?
Beta oxidation
What happens when there are too many ketones produced during fat metabolism with lipids?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?
Converting into energy when there are too many proteins
What is the sugar found in DNA called?
Deoxyribose
Which type of enzyme is responsible for adding or removing phosphate groups?
Phosphorylases
What is the function of hydrolases?
Digesting molecules
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
Carrying instructions for protein synthesis from the DNA gene to the ribosomes
What is the function of rRNA in protein synthesis?
Participating in translation
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Transporting amino acids to the ribosomes
What is the function of snRNP in protein synthesis?
Facilitating editing of mRNA transcripts
Study Notes
Anatomical Directions
- Median refers to a body part that is closer to the midline.
- Lateral refers to a body part that is away from the midline.
- Anterior refers to a body part that is towards the front.
- Posterior refers to a body part that is towards the back.
- Proximal refers to a body part that is closer to the point of attachment.
- Distal refers to a body part that is further from the point of attachment.
Cell Division and DNA
- During cell division, chromosomes are formed and carry genetic information.
- DNA plays a role in this process by carrying genetic information.
- Transcription occurs in the nucleus.
- During transcription, a part of the DNA molecule is copied into a complementary RNA molecule.
- mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes.
- Editing of mRNA occurs in the nucleus.
- Edited mRNA is transported out of the nucleus through the nuclear pore.
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a constant internal environment.
- Basic physiological needs necessary to maintain homeostasis include temperature, pH, and blood sugar levels.
- The #1 way that the body controls and maintains homeostasis is through negative feedback.
- The three components involved in negative feedback are the receptor, control center, and effector.
- The control center receives and processes information from the receptor and sends signals to the effector.
Anatomical Terms
- The 'starting point' for all descriptive terms that can be applied to the body is the anatomical position.
Minerals and Their Functions
- Calcium is most often associated with healthy bones and teeth.
- The main role of potassium in the body is to regulate heart rhythm.
Energy and Metabolism
- The process of using fats as energy to maintain life is called ketosis.
- When there are too many ketones produced during fat metabolism with lipids, it can lead to ketoacidosis.
Proteins
- Proteins do not function as a energy source.
- Deoxyribose is the sugar found in DNA.
Enzymes
- Kinases are enzymes responsible for adding or removing phosphate groups.
- The function of hydrolases is to break down molecules using water.
Protein Synthesis
- mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes.
- rRNA (ribosomal RNA) makes up a large part of the ribosomes.
- tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosomes.
- snRNP (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein) is involved in the editing of mRNA.
Test your knowledge on the important roles of potassium and calcium in the body, from maintaining fluid levels to supporting heart health and bone strength. Learn about the benefits of these essential minerals and their impact on energy production.
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