Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary consequence of postural sway in relation to maintaining balance?
What is the primary consequence of postural sway in relation to maintaining balance?
- It reduces the ability to perform voluntary movements.
- It increases the distance traveled by the center of pressure.
- It helps maintain the position of the center of mass over the base of support. (correct)
- It leads to muscle fatigue in the postural muscles.
Which type of balance is characterized by maintaining stability while the body is in motion?
Which type of balance is characterized by maintaining stability while the body is in motion?
- Static balance
- Postural stability
- Dynamic balance (correct)
- Anticipatory balance
What does anticipatory postural adjustment involve?
What does anticipatory postural adjustment involve?
- Automatic corrections during unexpected disturbances.
- Making adjustments before planned movements. (correct)
- Responding to mechanical perturbations.
- Maintaining stability during rest.
What is a primary function of an equilibrium reaction?
What is a primary function of an equilibrium reaction?
Which input is NOT typically associated with sensory input for postural control?
Which input is NOT typically associated with sensory input for postural control?
Flashcards
Static Balance
Static Balance
The ability to maintain stability with the center of mass (COM) over the base of support (BOS) while the body is at rest.
Dynamic Balance
Dynamic Balance
The ability to maintain stability with the COM over the BOS when parts of the body are in motion.
Anticipatory Postural Adjustment
Anticipatory Postural Adjustment
A postural adjustment made before a movement to maintain balance. Think of lifting a heavy object.
Postural Sway
Postural Sway
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Equilibrium Reaction
Equilibrium Reaction
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Study Notes
Postural Control
- Postural control involves maintaining body stability.
- The interplay of center of mass (COM) and base of support (BOS) is crucial.
- Static balance is the ability to maintain stability with the COM over the BOS when the body is at rest.
- Postural sway is the constant displacement and correction of the COM position within the BOS. A human's tall structure on a small base causes trunk sway around the ankle joint.
- Postural stability involves maintaining the body's position within specific boundaries.
- Postural sway is measured by the distance traveled by the Centre of Pressure (COP) using a force plate. Increased COP excursion may signal postural control problems.
- Romberg's test is an assessment tool for postural control.
- Dynamic balance is maintaining stability with the COM over the BOS when the body parts are moving.
- Anticipatory postural adjustments occur before movement, such as during weightlifting, involving CNS feed-forward to postural muscles. Experience plays a role.
- Adaptive postural control involves adjusting balance skills for varying tasks and environmental conditions.
Posture Functions
- Maintaining alignment of body segments.
- Anticipating changes to allow voluntary movement.
- Reacting to unexpected disturbances.
Other Factors
- Equilibrium reactions: Bodily responses to maintain balance.
- Righting reactions: Reactions to reorient the body or head with gravity.
- Protective extension: Reflexes to protect the body from falling.
- Perturbations: Changes in forces acting on the body (mechanical) or sensory inputs (e.g., light, sound).
- Sensory Input: Vital for balance; includes vision.
- Vision: A crucial sensory input for balance.
- Muscle Spindles: Provide information on muscle length and velocity changes, involving afferent and efferent neural pathways (alpha and gamma Motor Neurons).
- Pressure: Detected by sensory neurons to provide information for balance.
- Vestibular Inputs: Sensory information from the inner ear, specifically semicircular canals, utricle, and saccule, about head and body position (related to equilibrium and righting).
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