Rehab - Quiz #2

Lumbar lordosis is reduced.

One-joint hip flexors, upper T-S erector spinae, external obliques, and neck flexors.

The lumbar spine is flattened or flexed.

<p>The hip is extended, and the knee is extended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pelvis is higher on the left side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One-joint hip flexors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forward head posture and rounded shoulders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhomboids, serratus anterior, lower trapezius, and deep neck flexors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shortened muscles and joint adhesions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological (osteokinematic) and accessory (arthrokinematic) movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mobilization refers to passive movement done at a slow speed that a patient can stop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can dislocate the joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glide occurs in the opposite direction of bone movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A plane that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation in the convex surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closed-pack (maximum joint surface contact) and open-pack (least contact).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When active or passive range of motion shows restriction compared to the opposite side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Typically 4-5 treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soreness may occur after the first treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypermobility, joint effusion, and inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moves synovial fluid and maintains extensibility of tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It mediates pain through stimulation of joint receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identify it as a possible articular lesion requiring specific treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A posteriorly tilted pelvis suggests excessive stretching of the posterior ligaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thoracic spine exhibits upper increased flexion and a flattened or straight lower segment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cervical spine is slightly extended in lateral imbalance posture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The weak muscles include rhomboids, serratus anterior, lower trapezius, and deep neck flexors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hamstrings, upper fibers of internal oblique, and lumbar erector spinae are short and strong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lumbar spine is typically flattened or flexed in flat back posture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hip is held in extension in swayback posture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pelvis is higher on the left side in lateral imbalance posture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased congruency allows more gliding, while decreased congruency favors rolling movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain during traction usually indicates a soft-tissue or extra-articular lesion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joint mobilization facilitates the movement of synovial fluid, enhancing nutrient delivery to articular cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mobilization involves passive movement at a slow speed, while manipulation applies a thrust to achieve movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A joint should be mobilized in the open-pack position for maximum effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This corresponds to Grade 1 joint mobilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In closed-pack position, joint surfaces are maximally in contact, and the supporting capsule is taut.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the moving surface is convex, the glide occurs in the opposite direction of the bone movement, and vice versa for concave surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If pain occurs before resistance, Grade 1 or 2 mobilizations are indicated; if at resistance, Grade 3 or 4 should be applied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caution is advised in cases involving malignancy, bone disease, or excessive pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mobilization is preferred if accessory motion is different or painful compared to the opposite side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The effects are movement of synovial fluid, maintenance of tissue extensibility, integrity of neuroreceptors, and pain mediation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In open-pack position, joint surfaces are least in contact and supporting structures are more lax, allowing for optimal joint play.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reaction to previous sessions dictates how many mobilizations are performed in subsequent treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low-grade mobilizations are indicated if pain occurs before the end range of accessory motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thoracic spine exhibits increased kyphosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The one-joint hip flexors are primarily weak and elongated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left hip is adducted with slight medial rotation, while the right hip is abducted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The upper trapezius (UFT) is a strong and short muscle in upper crossed syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pelvis is held in a posterior tilt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lumbar lordosis is typically increased in swayback posture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cervical spine is slightly extended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ankle is in slight plantarflexion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This may indicate a soft-tissue or extra-articular lesion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher congruency allows more gliding, while lower congruency results in increased rolling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are used when pain occurs before the end range of accessory motion or when there's active inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mobilization should not occur with hypermobility, joint effusion, or inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If no effect is observed after 4-5 treatments, reassessment is needed for alternative therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joint mobilizations are applied parallel to the treatment plane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The focus is on restoring normal accessory motion through mobilization techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mobilization should be employed when accessory motion differs or is painful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grade 3 involves movements of 2-3 per second for 30-60 seconds, with a rest duration of 30-60 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joint play allows for increased movement and flexibility in the joint during this position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precautions are necessary in cases of neurological involvement to prevent exacerbating conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only one joint should be mobilized at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps move synovial fluid, which nourishes avascular articular cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The purpose is to restore motion and alleviate the causes of immobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flat back (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swayback = Weak anterior muscles and tight posterior muscles Flat back = Tight posterior lower spine with straightened lumbar spine Lateral imbalance = Asymmetrical pelvis with adducted and abducted hips Upper crossed syndrome = Tight upper back muscles and weak neck flexors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hamstrings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External obliques</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive movement using physiologic or accessory motions with a thrust (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain, reflex muscle guarding, muscle spasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>congruent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rolling = Can dislocate the joint Gliding = Must occur with congruent articular surfaces Traction = Separation of joint surfaces Compression = Decrease in joint space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occurs in the opposite direction of bone movement when the moving surface is convex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Just one</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>middle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased sensitivity from mobilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grade 3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypermobility = Excessive movement of joints Joint effusion = Fluid accumulation in joints Inflammation = Swelling due to injury or irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weak one-joint hip flexors and tight hamstrings contribute to hyperextension at the knees in swayback posture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In lateral imbalance, the cervical spine is slightly extended, while in upper crossed syndrome, it is also slightly extended but is associated with rounded shoulders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The upper fibers of the internal oblique are short and strong, helping to stabilize the pelvis and lumbar spine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A posteriorly tilted pelvis in flat back posture leads to flattening of the lumbar spine and tightness in the posterior lower back and hamstrings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One-joint hip flexors are notably weak and elongated in individuals displaying flat back posture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In lateral imbalance, the pelvis is higher on the left side, leading to postural adduction of the left leg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In closed-pack position, joints are maximally congruent, limiting mobilization effectiveness, whereas in open-pack position, there is more available motion for effective mobilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thoracic spine in upper crossed syndrome is characterized by increased flexion in the upper region and a rounded shoulder position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accessory movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pure rolling can dislocate the joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congruent articular surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the open-pack position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separation of joint surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An articular lesion is likely present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Just one joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the same direction as bone movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2-3 movements per second.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joint surfaces have maximum contact and tight ligaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It moves synovial fluid, bringing nutrients to articular cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grade 1 and 2 mobilizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological (osteokinematic) and accessory (arthrokinematic) movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mobilizations occur parallel to the treatment plane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessing neural tension tests helps to identify the specific problem related to nerve pathology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensitizing tests use structural differentiation to isolate and identify the source of symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper limb tension tests evaluate the flexibility and response of the nerves in the arm to determine neural tension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment should begin with gentle techniques to minimize irritation before progressing to more active strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolonged loading increases the susceptibility of neurons to compression, potentially worsening nerve pathology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intensity and amount of mobilization should be adjusted according to the patient's response to treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20-30 seconds of oscillations is recommended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessing the behavior of symptoms involves observing changes in pain and mobility during the range of tension tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying all potential sources allows for a comprehensive assessment and targeted treatment of nerve pathology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess lower limb overuse syndromes and identify specific nerve tension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One should change only one variable at a time during reassessment of symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to the range in which treatment can be applied without provoking symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase tension in the sciatic nerve and can help assess nerve sensitivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Slump Test includes a meninges/dural component that is not considered in the SLR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discontinue treatment if symptoms worsen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irritable disorders require stopping techniques prior to symptom provocation, whereas non-irritable disorders can tolerate some discomfort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treat distal interfacing structures non-provocatively and avoid exacerbating symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methods include increasing time of technique, going further into resistance, and using treatment closer to the source of symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tensioners are preferred for non-irritable conditions to normalize nerve sensitivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taking up the distal components first is recommended for sensitivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3-5 second oscillations are used, with a frequency that is slower than joint mobilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To restore the range of movement and normalize sensitivity within the nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The goal is to increase the amplitude through the range without exacerbating symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sliders facilitate movement while minimizing provocation of symptoms in sensitive areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To progress treatment based on symptom reassessment and change one variable at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20-30 seconds with 3-5 second oscillations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The technique should be discontinued.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To restore range of movement of the nervous system and normalize its sensitivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mobilization distant to the symptom area is recommended initially.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grade III or IV treatment techniques apply larger amplitude movements through the range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This indicates a shift towards greater patient involvement in their recovery process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SLR, PKB, Slump, and ULTTs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Slump Test includes a meninges/dural component, while SLR does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The treatment should stop just prior to provoking symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sliders are more likely to be used in irritable conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moving closer to the source of symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tensioners are preferred in non-irritable conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amplitude should be gradually increased during treatment sessions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases tension in the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Start with non-provoking techniques and under-treat initially.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treat interfaces first if they show the most restriction before addressing the nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensitizing tests alter component movements remote from the site of symptoms to assist in identifying nerve involvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continued load makes the neuron and supporting structures more susceptible to compression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reassess whether all contributing components have been adequately addressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount and intensity of treatment are based on the patient's reaction to previous sessions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates the order in which symptoms manifest during testing, helping to identify specific nerve involvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper limb tension tests help determine the state of neural pathways and their response to stretching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structural differentiation helps isolate movements and assess the role of non-neural tissue in symptom presentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brachial plexus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assess interfaces and treat the most restricted structures first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>remote</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disc = Nerve compression due to disc herniation Sciatica = Pain radiating along the sciatic nerve Carpal Tunnel = Compression of the median nerve at the wrist Brachial plexus = Network of nerves supplying the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tension tests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reaction to treatment and progress in the condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slump Test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To restore range of movement and normalize sensitivity of the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>distal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sliders = Used for irritable conditions Tensioners = Used for non-irritable conditions SLR = Assess L/S and LE disorders Slump Test = Includes dural component</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irritable conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to using gentle and strong techniques to improve range of motion without overstretching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20-30 seconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase time of technique, Go further into resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joint mobilization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gr.III = Amplitudes through range Gr.IV = Higher amplitude techniques Passive treatment = Client is not actively involved Active self-treatment = Client performs the technique themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discontinue the treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treat relevant interfacing structures at the area of the symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20-30 seconds of oscillations are recommended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase time of technique or go further into resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The technique should stop just prior to provoking symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment progression should be based on reassessment of symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2-3 oscillations per second should be used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The response of the contralateral limb and the behaviour of symptoms throughout the range of motion are key factors to assess.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment should be focused on interfacing structures distal to the injury site when addressing an irritable condition of the nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dural ligaments, costoclavicular interval, and cervicothoracic junction are key structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for deeper muscle engagement and can lead to improved treatment outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An initial non-provoking approach should be taken, allowing for gradual increases in treatment based on symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reassess whether all components involved in the patient's condition have been adequately addressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensitizing tests use structural differentiation to alter movements that are remote from the site of symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The therapist should discontinue treatment immediately if symptoms worsen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment intensity should be based on the patient's reaction to the treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The components concept considers all potential sources of signs and symptoms to establish their relationship to the disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammatory, systemic, and infectious disorders such as AIDS, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discontinue treatment immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to assess the presence of signs and symptoms related to the disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the nerve is the most comparable structure indicated in the assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focus on treating relevant interfacing structures distal to the injury site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Based on the patient's reaction to the treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They use structural differentiation to alter component movements remote from the site of symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to restore normal function and alleviate symptoms by addressing restrictions and mobility issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stopping before symptoms arise prevents exacerbation of discomfort and maintains patient tolerance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To clarify the sensitivity of the system before progressing with treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for greater joint mobility and facilitates more effective engagement of affected structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment should involve 20-30 seconds of oscillations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reassessment allows practitioners to gauge treatment effectiveness and adjust techniques accordingly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positioning in tension helps optimize the technique's efficacy and reduce discomfort during treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide more consistent engagement with the tissue and promote quicker adjustments in response to treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gradually increase the duration and intensity of resistance to ensure patient comfort and effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammatory, systemic, infectious disorders of the nervous system such as AIDS and diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discontinue treatment if symptoms worsen and monitor for cord signs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When nerve is the most comparable structure indicated in assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are used to alter component movements remote from the site of symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should be based on the patient's reaction to treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They involve 3-5 second oscillations that are slow and rhythmic through a non-provoking range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assess whether all components related to the symptoms have been addressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it can help relieve tension and symptoms without provoking the injury area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for clearer assessment of which changes positively or negatively affect the patient's symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20-30 seconds of oscillations is recommended for optimal results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stopping before symptoms are provoked prevents exacerbation of pain and promotes patient comfort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This method is used to increase the effectiveness of treatment by applying constant force for deeper tissue engagement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structures like the lumbosacral junction, hip joint, and knee joint should be specifically targeted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selecting an appropriate amplitude (Gr.III or Gr.IV) affects the extent of tissue mobilization and patient comfort during treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treat interfaces that have the most restriction first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>neural</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assess neural tension tests = Determine problem areas Sensitizing Tests = Alter component movements remote from the site of symptoms Treatment progression = Based on reassessment of symptoms Active techniques = Needed for home programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-provoking treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consider all possible sources of signs and symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20-30 seconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>symptom irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dural ligaments, cervicothoracic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lumbosacral junction = L5-S1 Hip joint = Acetabulum and femur Knee joint = Femur, tibia, and patella Ankle joint = Tibia, fibula, and talus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adding components that increase tension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dural ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

A postural distortion characterized by increased thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and a posterior pelvic tilt.

In swayback posture, the muscles at the front of the body are weak, while the muscles in the back are strong.

Posture with a flattened lumbar spine, often with a posterior pelvic tilt, tighter posterior lower spine and hamstrings.

In flat back posture, posterior lower spinal muscles, and hamstrings are tight.

Posture with a slight thoracolumbar curve convex to one side, often associated with tight leg muscles on one side and weak muscles on the opposite side.

In lateral imbalance, muscles on one side of the body (legs) are tight, while the opposite side muscles are weak.

Characterized by forward head posture, rounded shoulders, and tightness in specific upper back and neck muscles, coupled with weakness in opposing muscles.

In upper crossed syndrome, upper back, and neck muscles along the front and top of the body are tight.

Muscles that are contracted and unable to stretch fully, limiting range of motion (ROM).

Sticky bands of scar tissue that form in the joint, restricting movement.

The type of motion that a person can consciously or voluntarily control in a joint.

The involuntary joint motions necessary for normal physiological motion (e.g., gliding, rolling).

Passive movement done at a slow pace, allowing the patient to stop movement if needed.

Passive movement that uses a thrust and can include physiological or accessory motion.

How well the joint surfaces fit together.

A rule for determining the direction of gliding motion in a joint based on whether the moving joint surface is convex or concave.

Decreased joint space, often occurring during weight bearing.

Separation of joint surfaces.

The plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation through the middle of the concave joint surface.

A position in a joint where articulating surfaces have maximum contact and supporting ligaments/capsule are taut.

A joint position where joint surfaces have minimal contact and supporting structures are loose.

A passive movement done at a slow pace, allowing the patient to stop movement if needed.

A passive movement that uses a thrust to restore joint motion, potentially including physiological or accessory motions.

Involuntary movements within a joint that are necessary for normal, conscious movement. They include gliding, rolling, and spinning.

Movement that a person can consciously control, such as bending your arm or extending your leg. It can be done eccentrically or concentrically.

A small amplitude movement performed at the beginning of range of motion, used to assess and increase joint play.

A larger amplitude movement performed within the mid-range of motion, used to increase joint play and reduce stiffness.

A larger amplitude movement performed at the end range of motion, used to stretch the joint capsule and ligaments.

A high amplitude movement performed at the end range of motion, used to stretch the joint capsule and ligaments with a strong force.

In lateral imbalance, leg muscles on one side (e.g., hip adductors and tibialis posterior) are tight, while opposing muscles on the other side are weak.

Joint mobilization can improve synovial fluid flow, maintain joint tissue extensibility, enhance neuroreceptor function, and mediate pain.

Joint mobilization is indicated for pain, hypomobility, progressive limitations, and functional immobility. It's a good option for chronic injuries, recurrent acute injuries, post-immobilization, post-surgery, and spine/pelvis injuries.

Joint mobilization is contraindicated in hypermobility, joint effusion, inflammation, malignancy, bone disease, congenital or neurological involvement, unhealed fracture, excessive pain, vertebral artery issues, total joint replacements, immediately post-surgery/injury, inflammatory arthritis, elderly patients, and coagulation problems.

Movement that occurs voluntarily and can be controlled consciously.

Involuntary movement within a joint that is necessary for normal physiologic motion.

The plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of a joint, used as a reference for joint mobilization techniques.

Mobilization is a slow, controlled passive movement, while manipulation is a faster, more forceful passive movement that uses a thrust.

Scar tissue that forms within a joint, restricting its range of motion.

How well the articulating surfaces of a joint fit together.

Typically, 4-5 treatments are needed to see noticeable improvement.

Reasons why joint mobilization is appropriate, including pain, hypomobility, progressive limitation, and functional immobility.

Conditions where joint mobilization is not appropriate, including hypermobility, joint effusion, inflammation, malignancy, bone disease, and other specific issues.

Benefits of joint mobilization, including improving synovial fluid flow, maintaining tissue extensibility, enhancing neuroreceptor function, and mediating pain.

Swayback has weak one-joint hip flexors, upper T-S erector spinae, external obliques and neck flexors.

Swayback has strong hamstrings, the upper fibers of the internal oblique and lumbar erector spinae.

Flat back posture has weak one-joint hip flexors.

Flat back posture has strong hamstrings, upper fibers of the internal oblique and lumbar erector spinae.

The movement that occurs in a joint when it's not actively being moved, allowing for gliding, rolling, and spinning of joint surfaces. It's an involuntary movement.

This rule helps determine the direction of gliding in a joint based on the shape of the moving surface. If the moving surface is convex, gliding happens opposite to the bone movement. If the moving surface is concave, gliding moves in the same direction as the bone.

A joint that becomes painful when moved into specific positions or loaded beyond its limits.

Start with gentle movements and slowly increase the intensity, duration, and range of motion as tolerated.

A joint that doesn't experience significant pain or discomfort with movement.

Begin with larger movements and gradually increase the intensity, duration, and resistance over time.

A technique involving rhythmic back-and-forth movements applied to a joint.

A technique involving holding a joint in a specific position for a period of time.

Be cautious when performing nerve mobilization techniques, especially if symptoms worsen or cord signs appear.

Don't use nerve mobilization in cases of inflammation, systemic disorders, or infections affecting the nervous system.

A test used to assess lower limb nerve tension by extending the leg while keeping the knee straight. It can help diagnose nerve compression, sciatica, and other lower limb conditions.

A test that assesses dural tension by flexing the neck, extending the spine, and flexing the knee. Useful for evaluating pain that originates in the meninges or dural structures.

A series of tests that assess nerve tension in the upper limb by moving the arm through specific ranges of motion. Helps identify nerve compression in the neck, shoulder, or hand.

A manual therapy technique that involves gently moving the nerve tissue through a range of motion to improve its mobility, reduce tension, and alleviate compression.

Irritable disorders are sensitive to movement and pain, while non-irritable disorders have limited pain despite movement. This influences the type of nerve mobilization technique used.

Nerve mobilization starts with gentle movements and gradually increases intensity, duration, and range of motion as tolerated. This depends on whether a condition is irritable or non-irritable.

The principles include assessing neural tension, identifying restricted interfaces (muscles, joints, fascia), treating the most restricted structure first, and progressing treatment based on patient response. Active techniques are often used for home programs to maintain mobility.

They assess the response of the contralateral (opposite) limb, the range of movement, symptom behavior throughout the test, specific areas of response, the sequence of those responses, the effect of sensitizing maneuvers, and any abnormal responses.

These tests help isolate specific components of the nervous system by influencing movement away from the site of symptoms. Examples include Upper Limb Tension Tests (Neurodynamic Tests), SLR (Straight Leg Raise), and Slump Test.

The goals are to reduce pain, improve nerve function, restore normal range of motion, and improve overall quality of life by addressing nerve-related symptoms and movement limitations.

The amount and intensity of treatment are determined by the patient's reaction to treatment. Passive techniques are used to relax muscle interfaces, while active techniques are useful for longer-term maintenance.

Interfaces are the areas where the nerve interacts with other structures like muscles, joints, and fascia. These restrictions at the interface can influence the nerve's function and increase tension.

If progress plateaus, it's crucial to reassess whether all components of the problem have been addressed. This might involve re-evaluating the tension tests and identifying any remaining restrictions.

These tests help identify nerve tension by increasing tension in specific nerve branches. Examples include ankle dorsiflexion, ankle inversion, hip adduction, and hip medial rotation.

To improve nerve function by restoring normal range of motion and reducing pain. It aims to address nerve-related symptoms and movement limitations.

Irritable conditions are sensitive to movement and worsen with activity. Non-irritable conditions are not as sensitive and respond less strongly to movement.

These are points where the nerve interacts with other structures like muscles, joints, and fascia. Restrictions here can increase nerve tension.

If progress plateaus, reassess the nerve tension tests and identify any remaining restrictions. It's crucial to address all contributing factors.

Conditions that are very sensitive to movement and cause pain when moved into specific positions or loaded beyond their limits.

Conditions where there is limited pain and discomfort with movement, even when the joint is stressed.

The area where a nerve interacts with other structures like muscles, joints, and fascia. Restrictions at these interfaces can affect the nerve's function and increase tension.

A series of tests that evaluate the mobility and tension of a nerve by systematically moving the body through specific ranges of motion related to the nerve path.

The points where a nerve interacts with surrounding structures such as muscles, joints, and fascia. Restrictions at these interfaces can contribute to nerve tension.

Passive nerve mobilization techniques involve a therapist manually moving the nerve, while active techniques involve the patient actively moving their body to improve nerve mobility.

Nerve mobilization starts with gentle maneuvers, gradually increasing intensity and range of motion as the patient tolerates it, based on their response to treatment.

Nerve mobilization techniques vary based on whether a condition is irritable (sensitive to movement) or non-irritable (minimal pain with movement). Irritable disorders require more gentle approaches.

To restore normal range of motion, reduce pain, improve nerve function, and improve overall quality of life. This aims to address nerve-related symptoms and movement limitations.

These tests help isolate specific nerve branches and components by increasing tension in those areas. Examples include ankle dorsiflexion, ankle inversion, hip adduction, and hip medial rotation.

Irritable conditions cause pain with movement and are sensitive to activity. Non-irritable conditions have limited pain despite movement. This influences the type of nerve mobilization used.

These are points where the nerve interacts with surrounding structures like muscles, joints, and fascia. Restrictions here can increase nerve tension.

Restrictions at the interface, where the nerve interacts with other structures, can significantly influence nerve function and tension.

Reassess the nerve tension tests and identify any remaining restrictions. It's important to address all contributing factors to the problem.

The principles include assessing neural tension, identifying restricted interfaces, treating the most restricted structure first, and progressing treatment based on the patient's response.

Passive techniques involve a therapist manually moving the nerve, while active techniques involve the patient actively moving their body to improve nerve mobility.

Starting with gentle movements and slowly increasing the intensity, duration, and range of motion as tolerated.

Starting with larger movements and gradually increasing the intensity, duration, and resistance over time.

For irritable disorders (sensitive to movement), gentle, slow, and controlled mobilization is used. Non-irritable conditions allow for more forceful and faster techniques.

If improvement plateaus, re-assess the nerve tension tests and identify any unresolved restrictions. Addressing all factors is crucial.

These tests isolate specific nerve branches by increasing tension in those areas (e.g., ankle dorsiflexion, hip adduction).

A treatment approach for joints that are not sensitive to movement and don't experience significant pain with mobilization.

Gradually increase the intensity, duration, and resistance of treatment over time, starting with larger movements.

Start with gentle movements and slowly increase the intensity, duration, and range of motion as tolerated, gradually easing the joint into movement.

Areas where nerves, muscles, joints, and fascia interact with each other. Restrictions at these interfaces can cause nerve tension.

Restrictions at the interface between nerves and other structures (muscles, joints, fascia) can affect nerve function and lead to increased tension.

Start with gentle movements and gradually increase the intensity, duration, and range of motion as tolerated, based on the patient's response to treatment.

Restrictions at the interface between nerves, muscles, joints, and fascia can cause nerve tension. These restrictions can limit nerve mobility and function.

To improve joint mobility and reduce restrictions in joints that are not easily aggravated by movement, allowing for a more aggressive approach.

Non-irritable treatment starts with larger movements and gradually increases intensity, while irritable treatment begins with gentle movements and progresses slowly.

An interface is where different tissues connect, like nerves, muscles, joints, and fascia. Restrictions at these points can cause tension.

Understanding common interfaces helps identify where restrictions might be causing nerve tension and informs treatment strategies.

Passive techniques involve a therapist manually moving the nerve, while active techniques involve the patient actively moving their body to improve nerve mobility.

For irritable conditions (sensitive to movement), gentle, slow, and controlled mobilization is used. Non-irritable conditions allow for more forceful and faster techniques.