Chapter 19!!

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What is the primary function of RNA interference in regulating gene expression?

To transcribe DNA into RNA

To control the life span of many mRNAs (correct)

To initiate translation of mRNA

To synthesize proteins from RNA

What is the result of alternative splicing in eukaryotic cells?

Inhibition of gene expression

Enhancement of protein synthesis

Production of a single mature mRNA from a gene

Production of multiple mature mRNAs from the same gene (correct)

What is the role of microRNA in RNA interference?

To regulate the expression of endogenous mRNAs (correct)

To transcribe DNA into RNA

To regulate the expression of exogenous mRNAs

To synthesize proteins from RNA

How do small RNAs recognize and bind to target mRNAs?

Through complementary sequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between siRNAs and miRNAs?

siRNAs are produced from exogenous sources, while miRNAs are produced from endogenous sources Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of mRNA stability in eukaryotic cells?

mRNA stabilization by RNA-binding proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is a major reason for the increased complexity of gene expression regulation in eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes?

The development of multicellular organisms with specialized cell types Signup and view all the answers

How do cell-type specific genes get activated in a multicellular organism?

Through the action of a small set of regulatory factors Signup and view all the answers

What level of gene expression regulation is unique to eukaryotes?

Chromatin remodeling Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a level of gene expression regulation in eukaryotes?

Gene duplication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an additional level of control in eukaryotes?

DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for forming specialized cell types in multicellular organisms?

Differential gene expression Signup and view all the answers

What is the default state of a gene in eukaryotes?

Buried in heterochromatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of chromatin remodeling in transcription initiation?

Chromatin is opened, exposing core promoter and regulatory sequences Signup and view all the answers

What is alternative splicing?

The process of producing different mature mRNAs from the same primary transcript Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of alternative splicing in the Tropomyosin gene?

The production of different proteins in different cell types Signup and view all the answers

What happens to introns during alternative splicing?

They are removed from the primary RNA transcript Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of alternative splicing in gene expression control?

It leads to the production of different proteins from the same gene Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chromatin remodeling in gene expression?

To make the DNA accessible for RNA polymerase to bind Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a post-transcriptional control mechanism?

Alternative splicing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of euchromatin in the regulation of gene expression?

To make DNA accessible for RNA polymerase to bind Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical structure of chromatin?

A repeating, beadlike structure with negatively charged DNA wrapped around a core of positively charged histone proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of histone proteins in chromatin structure?

To act as a scaffold for the DNA molecule to wrap around Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin?

Heterochromatin is more condensed, while euchromatin is less condensed Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which chromatin structure provides a mechanism of negative control in eukaryotes?

By blocking access to transcriptional machinery Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotes, what is the primary role of post-transcriptional control?

Modifying the stability and localization of mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of coordinated transcription in eukaryotes?

It enables the simultaneous regulation of multiple target genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between transcriptional control and post-transcriptional control?

The timing of regulation, with transcriptional control occurring before transcription and post-transcriptional control occurring after Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of alternative splicing in eukaryotes?

To increase the diversity of mRNA transcripts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of chromatin remodeling in eukaryotic gene expression?

To make certain regions of DNA more or less accessible to transcriptional machinery Signup and view all the answers