Posterior Cortical Areas and Stroke Effects
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Questions and Answers

What does the right visual pathway primarily involve in terms of visual information processing?

  • Information from the right visual field processed in the left occipital lobe (correct)
  • Information from the left visual field processed in the left occipital lobe
  • Information from the left visual field processed in the right occipital lobe
  • Information from the right visual field processed in the right occipital lobe
  • Which of the following accurately describes the crossing of axons for the left eye's visual pathway?

  • They do not cross at the optic chiasm (correct)
  • They cross at the optic chiasm
  • They only cross if the left occipital lobe is damaged
  • They cross twice before reaching the occipital lobe
  • What is known as homonymous hemianopsia?

  • Vision loss in the same visual field in both eyes (correct)
  • Loss of peripheral vision in one eye
  • Vision loss in opposite visual fields in both eyes
  • Loss of central vision only
  • What stream is responsible for identifying the 'what' aspect of visual information?

    <p>Ventral stream (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a primary visual cortex in each occipital lobe?

    <p>It processes visual signals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which visual field loss condition occurs with damage to an occipital lobe?

    <p>Contralateral vision loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of visual information processing occurs in the right temporal lobe?

    <p>Processing of visual details for object recognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the visual pathways is true?

    <p>Visual information from the left visual field goes to the right occipital lobe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the most common symptoms of a posterior stroke?

    <p>Visual field defect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of cerebral strokes occur in the cerebral posterior region?

    <p>15-20% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with visual field cuts, what is their typical awareness regarding the condition?

    <p>Aware and can compensate by moving the head (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by problems with object identification and spatial navigation often starting from the occipital lobe?

    <p>Posterior cortical atrophy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain processes signals from the right visual field of each eye?

    <p>Left occipital lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following difficulties is NOT typically associated with posterior cortical atrophy?

    <p>Conducting complex mathematical calculations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes the way light waves interact with the lens before entering the retina?

    <p>Refraction and inverting of the image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about strokes affecting the posterior cortical areas?

    <p>They always lead to hemiparesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of homonymous quadrantanopsia?

    <p>Loss of the same quarter of vision in both eyes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In visual anosognosia, individuals may demonstrate which behavior?

    <p>They may confabulate about their visual experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ability is primarily affected by impairments in visuospatial perception?

    <p>Judging distance and orientation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of damage to the posterior circulation that affects speech?

    <p>Dysarthria due to corticobulbar nerve damage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by damage to the primary visual cortex, leading to inability to perceive images?

    <p>Cortical blindness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of perception remains intact in cortical blindness?

    <p>Ability to perceive light and dark. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes prosopagnosia?

    <p>Inability to recognize familiar faces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs as a result of damage to the ventral pathway?

    <p>Confusion in identifying objects but can perceive them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Right Visual Pathway

    The visual pathway that carries information from the left visual field of each eye to the left occipital lobe.

    Left Visual Pathway

    The visual pathway that carries information from the right visual field of each eye to the right occipital lobe.

    Optic Chiasm

    The point where some optic nerve fibers cross over to the other side of the brain

    Contralateral Innervation

    When the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body, and vice versa. Also the right visual field projects to the left visual cortex, and vice versa.

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    Homonymous Hemianopsia

    Loss of half of the visual field in both eyes (either left or right).

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    Ventral Stream

    The pathway that carries visual information to the temporal lobes, focusing on object recognition.

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    Dorsal Stream

    The pathway that carries visual information to the parietal lobes, focusing on spatial reasoning and movement.

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    Primary Visual Cortex

    The first area in the brain to process visual information.

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    Homonymous Quadrantanopsia

    Loss of a quarter of the visual field in both eyes.

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    Cortical Blindness

    Inability to visually perceive images despite having intact light/dark perception.

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    Visual Anosognosia

    Cortical blindness without the awareness that they are blind.

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    Posterior Stroke Symptoms

    Posterior stroke often results in visual field cuts and ataxia, but not language problems or hemiparesis.

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    Visuospatial Perception

    Understanding spatial relationship of objects and oneself in the environment.

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    Posterior Stroke Cause

    Posterior strokes are frequently linked to diabetes and affect 15-20% of all cerebral strokes.

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    Visuospatial Construction

    The ability to create and draw items, or build physically.

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    Posterior Cortical Atrophy

    A degenerative neurological disease impacting the occipital and temporal lobes.

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    Spatial Cognition

    Mental manipulation of shapes, maps, positions.

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    Alexia

    Problems reading, typically due to damage in certain brain areas.

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    Visual Field Cut Awareness

    Patients generally recognize and adapt to visual field cuts using head or eye movements.

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    Dysarthria

    Difficulty in speech articulation due to certain brain damage.

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    Visual Field Processing

    The left occipital lobe processes the right visual field, and vice versa for the right occipital lobe.

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    Visual Pathway Parts

    Light hits the eye, image inverts, and travels to the retina for processing.

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    Posterior Stroke Region

    Posterior strokes relate to areas of the occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes.

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    Posterior Cortical Blood Supply

    Posterior cortical areas receive blood supply from the posterior cerebral artery.

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    Study Notes

    Posterior Cortical Areas

    • Posterior cortical areas share a blood supply from the posterior cerebral artery, including the occipital lobe, posterior parietal lobe, and inferior/posterior temporal lobe.
    • A stroke affecting these areas can cause various symptoms due to the shared blood supply.

    Posterior Stroke Symptoms (Video)

    • Visual field defects are a common symptom of a posterior stroke.

    Posterior Stroke Diseases

    • Strokes:
      • 15-20% of all cerebral strokes occur in the posterior region.
      • Often related to diabetes.
      • Frequently present with visual field cuts and ataxia.
      • Initial misdiagnosis is common as these strokes don't typically lead to language problems or hemiparesis.
    • Degenerative Diseases:
      • Less likely to be affected by degenerative diseases (e.g., dementia) but might be impacted.
      • Posterior cortical atrophy in people aged 50-65.
      • Starts with occipital and posterior temporal lobes.
      • Symptoms include dementia (like Alzheimer's and Lewy bodies dementia).
      • Characterized by problems with object identification, driving, walking on uneven surfaces, localizing objects, navigating, gauging distance/depth, and spatio-motor skills.

    Visual Field Cuts

    • Visual field cuts affect reading, writing, communication, and visual information like gestures.
    • Patients are usually aware of the cuts and compensate by moving their head or eyes.

    Visual Pathways (Page 2)

    • Visual Fields: Phototransduction in the retina, contralateral sensorimotor control, and visual field testing. The left occipital lobe processes signals from the right visual field of each eye, and the right occipital lobe processes signals from the left visual field of each eye.
    • Visual Pathways: Light waves hit the eyeballs, then are refracted by the lens and the retinal image is inverted. Information from the left visual field projects to the right side of the retina and vice-versa.
    • Right Visual Pathway: Starts on the left side of each eyeball and ends in the left occipital lobe. Information from the right eye travels to the left occipital lobe. Axons don't cross the optic chiasm in this case. Information from the left eye needs to cross the optic chiasm.
    • Left Visual Pathway: Starts on the right side of each eyeball and ends in the right occipital lobe. The information from the left eye goes to the right occipital lobe, and the optic chiasm isn't crossed. Axons from the right eye also go to the right occipital lobe, but the optic chiasm is crossed in this case.

    Occipital Lobe & Visual Streams (Page 3)

    • Homonymous Visual Field Cut: Vision loss on the same visual field (left or right) in both eyes.
    • Types include homonymous hemianopsia (loss of half a visual field) and homonymous quadrantanopsia (loss of a quarter of a visual field).
    • Cortical Blindness: Bilateral damage to the primary visual cortex resulting in the inability to perceive images although light and dark can still be perceived.

    Visual Anosognosia (Anton's Syndrome)

    • A condition where people with cortical blindness lack awareness of the blindness. They may confabulate (falsely describe what they "see").

    Visuospatial Perception (Page 4)

    • Ability to locate and discriminate objects, judge distance, orient the body in space, and perceive dimensions.
    • Impairments can include distortions, trouble with reading, writing, and judging distances.

    Visuospatial Construction (Page 4)

    • Ability to draw, build, copy.

    Spatial Cognition (Page 4)

    • Ability to recognize shapes, use mental rotation, navigate mazes, and spatial organization.

    Speech Disorders (Page 4)

    • Posterior circulation stroke can cause dysarthria (difficulty with articulation) if corticobulbar nerve tracts are damaged.

    Language Disorders (Page 4)

    • Posterior damage can lead to alexia (reading problems) and agraphia (writing problems).

    Swallowing Disorders (Page 4)

    • Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) rarely occurs with damage to the posterior hemispheres due to the absence of necessary motor regions or pathways.

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    Related Documents

    Cortical Posterior Regions PDF

    Description

    Explore the impact of strokes on posterior cortical areas, including the occipital lobe and posterior parietal lobe. This quiz covers common symptoms resulting from posterior strokes and their link to degenerative diseases. Test your understanding of how these areas are affected and the resulting clinical presentations.

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