Posterior Abdominal Wall
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Questions and Answers

Which muscle forms the posterior abdominal wall along with the psoas major and iliacus?

  • Quadratus lumborum (correct)
  • Rectus abdominis
  • Transversus abdominis
  • External oblique

    • What is the relationship of the anterior surface of the right kidney to other structures in the posterior abdominal wall?

  • It is in contact with the spleen
  • It is in contact with the diaphragm
  • It is posterior to the liver (correct)
  • It is anterior to the adrenal glands

    • Which artery supplies blood to the kidneys?

  • Abdominal aorta
  • Renal artery (correct)
  • External iliac artery
  • Inferior vena cava

    • What is the function of the diaphragm?

    <p>To facilitate breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are referred to as iliopsoas muscle when they pass into the thigh?

    <p>Psoas major and ilacus muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a function of the iliopsoas muscle?

    <p>Passes deep to the inguinal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the kidneys located in the posterior abdominal wall?

    <p>Retroperitoneal in the posterior abdominal region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kidney is somewhat lower than the other due to its relationship with the liver?

    <p>Right kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What covers a large part of the anterior surface of the right kidney?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the right and left common iliac arteries?

    <p>L4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures do not cross the anterior surface of the inferior vena cava?

    <p>Celiac trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which veins are not tributaries to the inferior vena cava?

    <p>Left testicular/ovarian vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lumbar veins drain directly into the inferior vena cava?

    <p>Third and fourth lumbar veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the lumbar plexus nerves emerge on the posterior abdominal wall?

    <p>Anterior to quadratus lumborum muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones make up the superior bony framework of the posterior abdominal wall?

    <p>Ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are involved in the flexion of the thigh at the hip joint?

    <p>Iliacus/ psoas major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament connects the crura of the diaphragm across the midline and passes anterior to the aorta?

    <p>Median arcuate ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a structure found in the renal medulla?

    <p>Renal corpuscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the renal cortex?

    <p>Receives 5% of blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is TRUE about the renal arteries?

    <p>Divide into anterior and posterior branches as they enter the hilum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of the ureters?

    <p>Descend retroperitoneally on the medial aspect of the psoas minor muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is TRUE about the suprarenal glands?

    <p>Receive arterial supply from the inferior phrenic arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve arises from the anterior rami of nerves L2 and L3, emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major muscle, and passes obliquely downward across the iliacus muscle toward the anterior superior iliac spine?

    <p>Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve descends through the substance of the psoas major muscle, emerging from the lower lateral border of the psoas major and lies between the lateral border of the psoas major and the anterior surface of the iliacus muscle?

    <p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve descends in the psoas major muscle, emerges from its medial side near the pelvic brim, continues posterior to the common iliac vessels, and passes across the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity to enter the obturator canal?

    <p>Obturator nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve passes over the ala (wing) of the sacrum and descends into the pelvis to participate in the formation of the sacral plexus along with the anterior rami of the S1-S4 nerves?

    <p>Lumbosacral trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movements are lumbar vertebrae responsible for?

    <p>flexion and extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones form the midline boundary of the posterior abdominal wall?

    <p>sacrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ribs complete the superior bony framework of the posterior abdominal wall?

    <p>Ribs 11-12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crus is the longest and broadest and is attached to the bodies of vertebrae L1 to L3?

    <p>Right crus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crus is attached to vertebrae L1 to L2?

    <p>Left crus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ligaments to their corresponding characteristic

    <p>Median arcuate ligament = anterior to the aorta Medial arcuate ligaments = formed by the upper part of the psoas major muscle Lateral arcuate ligaments = formed by the thickening in the fascia that covers the quadratus lumborum Lateral arcuate ligaments = Attached to the transverse process of vertebra L1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each diaphragmatic opening to its corresponding accompanied structure/ what it transmits

    <p>Caval Opening (T8) = Right phrenic nerve Esophageal Hiatus (T10) = Vagal trunks Aortic Hiatus = Thoracic duct N/A = N/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional structures pass through the diaphragm?

    <p>Greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves (through crura on each side); sympathetic trunks (paravertebral)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the sympathetic trunk start and end?

    <p>The sympathetic trunk begins at C1 and ends at the coccyx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each muscle to its origin

    <p>Quadratus Lumborum = transverse process of L5, iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest Iliacus = Upper 2/3 of iliac fossa, anterior sacroiliac and lumbar ligaments, upper surface of sacrum Psoas minor = lateral surface of T12 and L1 Psoas major = lateral surface of T12 and L1-L5; transverse process of lumbar vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each muscle to its Insertion

    <p>Quadratus Lumborum = Transverse process of L1-L5 and inferior border of rib 12 Iliacus = Lesser trochanter of the femur Psoas minor = pectineal line of pelvic brim Psoas major = lesser trochanter of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each muscle to its innervation

    <p>Quadratus Lumborum = anterior rami T12 and L1-L4 Iliacus = femoral nerve (L2-L4) Psoas minor = anterior rami of L1 Psoas major = anterior rami of L1-L3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each muscle to its actions

    <p>Quadratus Lumborum = Depress and stabilize rib 12; some lateral bending of trunk Iliacus = Flexion of thigh at hip joint Psoas minor = Weak flexion of lumbar vertebral column Psoas major = Flexion of thigh at hip joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Psoas major and iliacus muscles pass deep to the inguinal ligament

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What supplies innervation to the iliopsoas muscles?

    <p>femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each structure to its relationship to the kidneys

    <p>Superior = Diaphragm Inferior = Psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis muscles Posterior = Costodiaphragmatic recesses; subcostal vessels and nerves; iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves; Rib 12 (right); ribs 11 and 12 (left) Lateral = Right/Left colic flexures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of fat is found outside the renal capsule, completely surrounds the kidneys and is enclosed by renal fascia?

    <p>Perinephric fat (perirenal fat)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of fat completes the fat and fascia associated with the kidney and accumulates posterior and posterolateral to each kidney?

    <p>Paranephric fat (pararenal fat)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the kidney is easily removable except during disease?

    <p>Fibrous capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the inferior vena cava is blocked, which vein becomes an important collateral channel between the lower and upper body?

    <p>Ascending lumbar veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the flow of urine

    <p>Renal papilla --&gt; collecting ducts --&gt; minor calices --&gt; major calices --&gt; renal pelvis --&gt; ureter --&gt; bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do renal calculi (stones) typically become lodged in the ureter?

    <ol> <li>Ureteropelvic junction</li> <li>Pelvic inlet</li> <li>Entrance to the bladder</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true of renal veins

    <p>The left renal vein is shorter and crosses the midline anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT part of the innervation supply of the ureters?

    <p>Somatic afferent fibers (GSA): From least splanchnic nerves (T12)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is pain in the kidneys (due to distension) referred to?

    <p>Cutaneous segments supplied by T11-L2 cord levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The renal plexus is predominantly comprised of parasympathetic fibers (promote vasoconstriction to decrease glomerulus filtration rate)

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The kidneys receive input from the aorticorenal ganglion (lesser splanchnic nerve) and the least splanchnic nerve (directly innervates the renal plexus)

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the abdominal aorta to its relationships

    <p>Anterior = Pancreas, splenic vein, left renal vein, inferior part of the duodenum Posterior = lumbar veins To the right = cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, azygos vein, right crus of the diaphragm, inferior vena cava Inferior (L4 bifurcation) = Right/Left common iliac arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Left common iliac artery branches into

    Signup and view all the answers

    What does NOT drain into pre-aortic lymph nodes (anterior to abdominal aorta)

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does not drain into Lateral aortic/lumbar nodes (para-aortic nodes)?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerves are part of the lumbar plexus

    <p>Subcostal nerve (T12), Iliohypogastric (L1), Ilio-inguinal nerve (L1), Genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2): contains a genital branch and a femoral branch, Femoral nerve (L2-L4), Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L2-L3), Obturator nerve (L2 to L4), lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Posterior Abdominal Wall

    • The quadratus lumborum muscle forms the posterior abdominal wall along with the psoas major and iliacus.
    • The right kidney is related anteriorly to structures such as the liver and duodenum, making it somewhat lower than the left kidney.
    • The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the right and left common iliac arteries at the level of the L4 vertebra.

    Kidney Anatomy and Vasculature

    • The renal arteries supply blood to the kidneys.
    • A large part of the anterior surface of the right kidney is covered by the liver.
    • Certain structures, such as the left renal vein and pancreas, do not cross the anterior surface of the inferior vena cava.

    Renal System Function

    • The renal cortex is primarily involved in filtration, while the renal medulla is responsible for urine concentration.
    • Functions of the iliopsoas muscle include flexing the thigh at the hip joint, stabilizing posture, but not extending the hip.
    • If the inferior vena cava is blocked, the azygos vein becomes an important collateral channel.

    Nervous System and Plexus

    • The ilioinguinal nerve, arising from the anterior rami of L2 and L3, passes downward across the iliacus muscle.
    • The femoral nerve descends through the substance of the psoas major muscle.
    • The obturator nerve emerges from the medial side of the psoas major and travels to the pelvic cavity.
    • The sympathetic trunk runs from the neck down to the pelvis.

    Muscular and Ligamentous Structures

    • The diaphragm functions in respiration and separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
    • The crura of the diaphragm link to the lumbar vertebrae, with the right crus attached to L1-L2 and the left to L1-L3.

    Kidney Structure and Fat Layers

    • The renal capsule is surrounded by a layer of perirenal fat, with renal fascia enclosing the kidneys.
    • The renal cortex can be easily removed except during pathological conditions, while the renal medulla is less accessible.

    Urinary Tract and Calculi

    • Renal calculi typically get lodged in the ureter at areas of anatomical constriction.
    • Pain caused by kidney distension is generally referred to the lower back and groin area.

    Lymphatic Drainage and Nerves

    • Pre-aortic lymph nodes do not drain lymph from the lateral aortic/lumbar nodes (para-aortic nodes), which drain abdominal regions.
    • The lumbar plexus includes the genitofemoral, femoral, and obturator nerves.

    Lumbar Vertabrae and Movements

    • Lumbar vertebrae are primarily responsible for flexion and extension of the lower back, as well as lateral flexion.

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    Related Documents

    Posterior Abdominal Wall Anatomy PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the internal structures of the kidney, including the renal cortex, renal medulla, renal columns, and renal pyramids. Learn about the important components such as renal corpuscles, proximal and distal tubules, and peritubular tissue.

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