58 Questions
Which muscle forms the posterior abdominal wall along with the psoas major and iliacus?
Quadratus lumborum
What is the relationship of the anterior surface of the right kidney to other structures in the posterior abdominal wall?
It is posterior to the liver
Which artery supplies blood to the kidneys?
Renal artery
What is the function of the diaphragm?
To facilitate breathing
Which muscles are referred to as iliopsoas muscle when they pass into the thigh?
Psoas major and ilacus muscles
What is not a function of the iliopsoas muscle?
Passes deep to the inguinal ligament
Where are the kidneys located in the posterior abdominal wall?
Retroperitoneal in the posterior abdominal region
Which kidney is somewhat lower than the other due to its relationship with the liver?
Right kidney
What covers a large part of the anterior surface of the right kidney?
Liver
Which level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the right and left common iliac arteries?
L4
Which structures do not cross the anterior surface of the inferior vena cava?
Celiac trunk
Which veins are not tributaries to the inferior vena cava?
Left testicular/ovarian vein
Which lumbar veins drain directly into the inferior vena cava?
Third and fourth lumbar veins
Where do the lumbar plexus nerves emerge on the posterior abdominal wall?
Anterior to quadratus lumborum muscle
Which bones make up the superior bony framework of the posterior abdominal wall?
Ribs
Which muscles are involved in the flexion of the thigh at the hip joint?
Iliacus/ psoas major
Which ligament connects the crura of the diaphragm across the midline and passes anterior to the aorta?
Median arcuate ligament
Which of the following is NOT a structure found in the renal medulla?
Renal corpuscles
Which of the following is NOT a function of the renal cortex?
Receives 5% of blood supply
Which of the following is TRUE about the renal arteries?
Divide into anterior and posterior branches as they enter the hilum
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the ureters?
Descend retroperitoneally on the medial aspect of the psoas minor muscle
Which of the following is TRUE about the suprarenal glands?
Receive arterial supply from the inferior phrenic arteries
Which nerve arises from the anterior rami of nerves L2 and L3, emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major muscle, and passes obliquely downward across the iliacus muscle toward the anterior superior iliac spine?
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
Which nerve descends through the substance of the psoas major muscle, emerging from the lower lateral border of the psoas major and lies between the lateral border of the psoas major and the anterior surface of the iliacus muscle?
Femoral nerve
Which nerve descends in the psoas major muscle, emerges from its medial side near the pelvic brim, continues posterior to the common iliac vessels, and passes across the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity to enter the obturator canal?
Obturator nerve
Which nerve passes over the ala (wing) of the sacrum and descends into the pelvis to participate in the formation of the sacral plexus along with the anterior rami of the S1-S4 nerves?
Lumbosacral trunk
What movements are lumbar vertebrae responsible for?
flexion and extension
Which bones form the midline boundary of the posterior abdominal wall?
sacrum
What ribs complete the superior bony framework of the posterior abdominal wall?
Ribs 11-12
Which crus is the longest and broadest and is attached to the bodies of vertebrae L1 to L3?
Right crus
Which crus is attached to vertebrae L1 to L2?
Left crus
Match the ligaments to their corresponding characteristic
Median arcuate ligament = anterior to the aorta Medial arcuate ligaments = formed by the upper part of the psoas major muscle Lateral arcuate ligaments = formed by the thickening in the fascia that covers the quadratus lumborum Lateral arcuate ligaments = Attached to the transverse process of vertebra L1
Match each diaphragmatic opening to its corresponding accompanied structure/ what it transmits
Caval Opening (T8) = Right phrenic nerve Esophageal Hiatus (T10) = Vagal trunks Aortic Hiatus = Thoracic duct N/A = N/A
What additional structures pass through the diaphragm?
Greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves (through crura on each side); sympathetic trunks (paravertebral)
Where does the sympathetic trunk start and end?
The sympathetic trunk begins at C1 and ends at the coccyx.
Match each muscle to its origin
Quadratus Lumborum = transverse process of L5, iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest Iliacus = Upper 2/3 of iliac fossa, anterior sacroiliac and lumbar ligaments, upper surface of sacrum Psoas minor = lateral surface of T12 and L1 Psoas major = lateral surface of T12 and L1-L5; transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
Match each muscle to its Insertion
Quadratus Lumborum = Transverse process of L1-L5 and inferior border of rib 12 Iliacus = Lesser trochanter of the femur Psoas minor = pectineal line of pelvic brim Psoas major = lesser trochanter of the femur
Match each muscle to its innervation
Quadratus Lumborum = anterior rami T12 and L1-L4 Iliacus = femoral nerve (L2-L4) Psoas minor = anterior rami of L1 Psoas major = anterior rami of L1-L3
Match each muscle to its actions
Quadratus Lumborum = Depress and stabilize rib 12; some lateral bending of trunk Iliacus = Flexion of thigh at hip joint Psoas minor = Weak flexion of lumbar vertebral column Psoas major = Flexion of thigh at hip joint
Psoas major and iliacus muscles pass deep to the inguinal ligament
True
What supplies innervation to the iliopsoas muscles?
femoral nerve
Match each structure to its relationship to the kidneys
Superior = Diaphragm Inferior = Psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis muscles Posterior = Costodiaphragmatic recesses; subcostal vessels and nerves; iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves; Rib 12 (right); ribs 11 and 12 (left) Lateral = Right/Left colic flexures
Which layer of fat is found outside the renal capsule, completely surrounds the kidneys and is enclosed by renal fascia?
Perinephric fat (perirenal fat)
Which layer of fat completes the fat and fascia associated with the kidney and accumulates posterior and posterolateral to each kidney?
Paranephric fat (pararenal fat)
Which part of the kidney is easily removable except during disease?
Fibrous capsule
If the inferior vena cava is blocked, which vein becomes an important collateral channel between the lower and upper body?
Ascending lumbar veins
Describe the flow of urine
Renal papilla --> collecting ducts --> minor calices --> major calices --> renal pelvis --> ureter --> bladder
Where do renal calculi (stones) typically become lodged in the ureter?
- Ureteropelvic junction
- Pelvic inlet
- Entrance to the bladder
Which of the following is NOT true of renal veins
The left renal vein is shorter and crosses the midline anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery
What is NOT part of the innervation supply of the ureters?
Somatic afferent fibers (GSA): From least splanchnic nerves (T12)
Where is pain in the kidneys (due to distension) referred to?
Cutaneous segments supplied by T11-L2 cord levels
The renal plexus is predominantly comprised of parasympathetic fibers (promote vasoconstriction to decrease glomerulus filtration rate)
False
The kidneys receive input from the aorticorenal ganglion (lesser splanchnic nerve) and the least splanchnic nerve (directly innervates the renal plexus)
True
Match the abdominal aorta to its relationships
Anterior = Pancreas, splenic vein, left renal vein, inferior part of the duodenum Posterior = lumbar veins To the right = cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, azygos vein, right crus of the diaphragm, inferior vena cava Inferior (L4 bifurcation) = Right/Left common iliac arteries
Left common iliac artery branches into
What does NOT drain into pre-aortic lymph nodes (anterior to abdominal aorta)
Kidneys
What does not drain into Lateral aortic/lumbar nodes (para-aortic nodes)?
Stomach
What nerves are part of the lumbar plexus
Subcostal nerve (T12), Iliohypogastric (L1), Ilio-inguinal nerve (L1), Genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2): contains a genital branch and a femoral branch, Femoral nerve (L2-L4), Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L2-L3), Obturator nerve (L2 to L4), lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5)
Test your knowledge of the internal structures of the kidney, including the renal cortex, renal medulla, renal columns, and renal pyramids. Learn about the important components such as renal corpuscles, proximal and distal tubules, and peritubular tissue.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
