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Questions and Answers
Which action taken by the newly formed Indian government was most crucial in addressing the immediate refugee crisis following independence?
Which action taken by the newly formed Indian government was most crucial in addressing the immediate refugee crisis following independence?
- Allocating land specifically for refugee camps near Delhi.
- Requesting international aid from the United Nations.
- Enacting laws to prevent refugees from settling in urban areas.
- Forming a Ministry of Rehabilitation to provide comprehensive support. (correct)
What was the primary reason for the annexation of Junagadh to India after independence?
What was the primary reason for the annexation of Junagadh to India after independence?
- The Nawab of Junagadh requested military assistance from India.
- A plebiscite was held, and the majority voted to join India.
- The people wanted to join India, while the Nawab wanted to join Pakistan. (correct)
- Junagadh posed a direct military threat to India's security.
Why did the Indian government term its intervention in Hyderabad as 'police action' rather than war?
Why did the Indian government term its intervention in Hyderabad as 'police action' rather than war?
- To emphasize that the action was to restore order rather than a military conquest. (correct)
- To avoid direct conflict with Pakistan, which had interests in Hyderabad.
- To downplay the scale of military involvement to the international community.
- To allow the Nizam of Hyderabad to retain some symbolic authority.
What critical factor motivated Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir to seek assistance from India, leading to Kashmir's accession?
What critical factor motivated Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir to seek assistance from India, leading to Kashmir's accession?
What was Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's primary approach in persuading the majority of princely states to integrate into the Indian Union?
What was Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's primary approach in persuading the majority of princely states to integrate into the Indian Union?
Which of the following best represents a cornerstone of the Indian Constitution aimed at maintaining unity and social cohesion in a diverse society?
Which of the following best represents a cornerstone of the Indian Constitution aimed at maintaining unity and social cohesion in a diverse society?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the constitutional commitment to removing economic disparities in post-independence India?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the constitutional commitment to removing economic disparities in post-independence India?
How did the creation of Pakistan immediately contribute to a humanitarian crisis in the Indian subcontinent?
How did the creation of Pakistan immediately contribute to a humanitarian crisis in the Indian subcontinent?
What common challenge did the integration of Junagadh, Hyderabad, and Kashmir present to the newly independent India?
What common challenge did the integration of Junagadh, Hyderabad, and Kashmir present to the newly independent India?
What was the immediate impact of the British decision to cancel treaty rights with the princely states in July 1947 before granting India independence?
What was the immediate impact of the British decision to cancel treaty rights with the princely states in July 1947 before granting India independence?
Flashcards
Refugee Crisis After Independence
Refugee Crisis After Independence
The partition caused mass migration: Sikhs and Hindus fled to India, while Muslims moved to Pakistan, resulting in many deaths and separated families.
Ministry of Rehabilitation
Ministry of Rehabilitation
The Indian government formed this to build houses, provide loans, generate employment, establish training centers and schools, award scholarships and allot land.
Junagadh Annexation
Junagadh Annexation
Junagadh, a seaport state, wanted to join Pakistan, but its people wanted to join India. The Indian army intervened, and the Nawab fled, leading to Junagadh's annexation.
Hyderabad Annexation
Hyderabad Annexation
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Kashmir Accession
Kashmir Accession
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Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
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Indian Constitution's Cornerstones
Indian Constitution's Cornerstones
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Study Notes
- Following independence a refugee crisis occurred due to the creation of Pakistan
- Sikhs and Hindus fled to India while Muslims moved to Pakistan
- Separated families, abandoned possessions, and thousands of deaths resulted from the chaos
- India's newly formed government, already dealing with empty coffers, faced added strain from millions of refugees, many camping on any available land in Delhi
- A Ministry of Rehabilitation was established to build houses, provide loans, generate employment, establish training centers and schools, award scholarships, and allot land for cultivation
Annexation of Junagadh
- Junagadh was a small seaport state in Kathiawad (Saurashtra)
- The Nawab of Junagadh wanted to join Pakistan, but the people wanted to join India
- The Indian army was sent to take over the state
- The nawab fled to Pakistan, and Junagadh became part of India
Annexation of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad was the largest princely state of India, and the nizam declared it to be independent
- Indian leaders felt that allowing Hyderabad to remain independent would endanger India's future as a unified nation
- Indian troops were sent to Hyderabad in what the government called a ‘police action’
- Hyderabad was annexed to India
Ruler of Kashmir
- Kashmir had a Hindu ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh, governing a Muslim-majority population
- Kashmir bordered both India and Pakistan, allowing it to join either
- Hari Singh sought India's help when Pathan tribes from Pakistan invaded, and in return, he agreed to join India
- Pakistan opposed this decision, leading to the first Indo-Pakistan War in 1947
- The Kashmir dispute was later referred to the United Nations
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and the Indian States Department
- When the British left India, there were 562 princely states
- On 1 July 1947, the British cancelled their treaty rights with the princely states
- The princely states were given the choice to either stay independent or to join Pakistan or India
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the ‘Iron Man’ of India, took control of the newly created Indian States Department
- Patel was tasked with consolidating the nation by making the princely states join Indi
- Patel used diplomacy and appealed to their sense of patriotism
- All except three princely states agreed to become part of the Indian Union
- Junagadh, Hyderabad and Kashmir refused to commit
Cornerstones of the Indian Constitution
- India is a multi-lingual, multi-cultural and multi-religious country
- All languages and religions had to be treated with respect
- The establishment of a just social order had to be given importance to remove economic disparities
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Description
Following independence, the partition caused a refugee crisis. Junagadh's Nawab wanted to join Pakistan, against the people's wishes. Similarly, Hyderabad's Nizam desired independence, but faced internal conflict. Both states were eventually integrated into India.
