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Questions and Answers
What does post-harvest handling specifically refer to?
What does post-harvest handling specifically refer to?
What is the estimated post-harvest loss percentage for tomatoes?
What is the estimated post-harvest loss percentage for tomatoes?
What defines the term 'harvest'?
What defines the term 'harvest'?
Which process involves interpreting scientific measurements in post-harvest handling?
Which process involves interpreting scientific measurements in post-harvest handling?
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What does damage refer to in the context of food handling?
What does damage refer to in the context of food handling?
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In which phase do post-harvest losses occur at 30-40%?
In which phase do post-harvest losses occur at 30-40%?
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Which term describes the general term applied to handling of crops post-harvest?
Which term describes the general term applied to handling of crops post-harvest?
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Which of the following is critical to prevent post-harvest losses?
Which of the following is critical to prevent post-harvest losses?
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Which of the following is NOT a significant cause of post-harvest losses?
Which of the following is NOT a significant cause of post-harvest losses?
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What percentage of post-harvest losses is associated with farmer's fields?
What percentage of post-harvest losses is associated with farmer's fields?
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What role does inadequate technical support play in post-harvest losses?
What role does inadequate technical support play in post-harvest losses?
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What natural process in fresh horticultural crops leads to high susceptibility to post-harvest losses?
What natural process in fresh horticultural crops leads to high susceptibility to post-harvest losses?
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How is loss measured in the context of post-harvest processes?
How is loss measured in the context of post-harvest processes?
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What is a significant factor in causing physiological deterioration of fruits and vegetables after harvest?
What is a significant factor in causing physiological deterioration of fruits and vegetables after harvest?
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Which fresh horticultural crop has the highest post-harvest loss percentage?
Which fresh horticultural crop has the highest post-harvest loss percentage?
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Which factor contributes to high post-harvest losses due to microorganisms?
Which factor contributes to high post-harvest losses due to microorganisms?
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What is an effect of late realization of the importance of post-harvest practices?
What is an effect of late realization of the importance of post-harvest practices?
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What is the purpose of assessment in post-harvest handling?
What is the purpose of assessment in post-harvest handling?
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What is the primary goal of postharvest handling technology?
What is the primary goal of postharvest handling technology?
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Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to post-harvest losses?
Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to post-harvest losses?
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Which crop has the lowest recorded post-harvest loss percentage?
Which crop has the lowest recorded post-harvest loss percentage?
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What is the key difference between measurement and assessment in post-harvest contexts?
What is the key difference between measurement and assessment in post-harvest contexts?
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What impact does a wide gap in available technologies have on post-harvest outcomes?
What impact does a wide gap in available technologies have on post-harvest outcomes?
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Which of the following is a common cause of post-harvest losses?
Which of the following is a common cause of post-harvest losses?
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What is the primary benefit of evaporative cool storage for farmers?
What is the primary benefit of evaporative cool storage for farmers?
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How does the lack of market information affect post-harvest losses?
How does the lack of market information affect post-harvest losses?
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What does Controlled Atmosphere (CA) storage primarily rely on?
What does Controlled Atmosphere (CA) storage primarily rely on?
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What temperature range is effective for storing Papaya under modified atmosphere conditions?
What temperature range is effective for storing Papaya under modified atmosphere conditions?
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What is the purpose of a cold chain in logistics management?
What is the purpose of a cold chain in logistics management?
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Which of the following crops has been mentioned to have its shelf life extended significantly via modified atmosphere packaging?
Which of the following crops has been mentioned to have its shelf life extended significantly via modified atmosphere packaging?
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What effect does lowering the temperature in cold storage have on fruits and vegetables?
What effect does lowering the temperature in cold storage have on fruits and vegetables?
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Which technology effectively controls the rate of transpiration and respiration to keep produce fresh?
Which technology effectively controls the rate of transpiration and respiration to keep produce fresh?
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Which of the following is an example of primary processing?
Which of the following is an example of primary processing?
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How does Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) extend the shelf life of produce?
How does Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) extend the shelf life of produce?
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What does qualitative loss affect in food products?
What does qualitative loss affect in food products?
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Which statement accurately captures the importance of proper postharvest handling?
Which statement accurately captures the importance of proper postharvest handling?
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Perishable crops include which of the following?
Perishable crops include which of the following?
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What are durability characteristics of durable crops?
What are durability characteristics of durable crops?
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Which type of postharvest loss is described by impairment of quality?
Which type of postharvest loss is described by impairment of quality?
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What percentage of fruits and vegetables are estimated to be lost in the Philippines?
What percentage of fruits and vegetables are estimated to be lost in the Philippines?
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Study Notes
Post-Harvest Handling and Seed Technology
- Post-harvest begins when food is collected or separated from its production site.
- Post-production encompasses handling crops from harvest until they reach consumers.
- Post-harvest handling refers to the specific movement and operations of commodities from harvest to food preparation.
- Harvest is the deliberate act of separating foodstuff from its growth medium, with subsequent actions categorized as post-harvest.
- Food pertains to any commodity intended for human consumption.
Definitions and Key Terms
- Loss indicates a reduction in available food weight.
- Damage involves physical spoilage, often measured as a percentage of the food sample.
- Assessment provides a rough quantitative approximation of food loss in a supply chain.
- Measurement is a precise calculation of loss, while estimation interprets scientific measurements with experience and judgment.
Post-Harvest Loss Statistics
- Pineapple: 30-40%
- Banana: 25-35%
- Cabbage: 20-30%
- Garlic: 20-42%
- Potato: 12.5%
- Lettuce: 19.6%
- Tomato: 1.6-16%
Important Sites of Post-Harvest Losses
- Farmer’s Field: 15-20% loss rates
- Packaging: 15-20% loss rates
- Marketing: 30-40% loss rates
- Transportation: 30-40% loss rates
Causes of Post-Harvest Losses
- Metabolic factors affect fresh horticultural crops that are still alive post-harvest, remaining susceptible to mechanical injuries.
- Mechanical injury often occurs due to tender textures and high moisture content in fruits and vegetables.
- Developmental issues can lead to sprouting and seed germination, impacting quality.
- Parasitic diseases, caused by fungi, bacteria, and insects, deteriorate fresh produce quickly due to a lack of natural defenses.
- Lack of knowledge and awareness, inadequate infrastructure, and poor technical support contribute to higher losses.
- Physiological deterioration continues as fruits and vegetables remain biologically active after harvest.
- Inadequate market demand and consumption quality control exacerbate losses.
Technologies for Minimizing Post-Harvest Losses
- Evaporative cool storage enhances returns by reducing shriveling and extending storage life of produce.
- Pre-packaging controls transpiration and respiration, maintaining freshness at various temperatures.
- Cold storage employs low temperatures to prolong storage life and delay ripening.
- Controlled Atmosphere (CA) storage utilizes high CO2 and low O2 levels to reduce respiration rates.
- Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) adjusts internal atmosphere to extend shelf life by several days.
- Cold chain logistics ensure quality and safety through temperature control from production to consumer.
Post-Production Handling Overview
- Primary processing prepares crops for manufacturers or consumers, covering seed technology and handling of fruits, vegetables, and plantation crops.
- Secondary processing converts produce into a form not subject to further change, including food and industrial processing.
Importance of Proper Post-Harvest Handling
- Increases available food with little input change, benefiting production efficiency.
- Enhances nutrition by minimizing nutrient loss.
- Reduces pollution and waste management challenges, particularly in urban areas.
Types of Post-Harvest Losses
- Quantitative loss refers to actual weight or volume losses, with significant estimates (28-42%) for fruits and vegetables in the Philippines.
- Qualitative loss impacts food quality, affecting wholesomeness, value, and desirability, leading to lower market prices.
- Annual losses can equate to substantial protein losses for the population, underscoring the importance of addressing both types of loss.
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Description
This quiz covers major concepts from the Post Harvest Handling and Seed Technology course, focusing on the introductory aspects, biological factors, and post-harvest control methods. It is designed to test your understanding of key topics related to the stage after harvesting, including maturity and senescence control.
