Post Harvest Handling and Seed Technology
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Questions and Answers

What does post-harvest handling specifically refer to?

  • The gathering of crops from the field
  • The delivery of crops to retail outlets
  • The process of storing food for long-term preservation
  • The operations that foods undergo from harvest until meal preparation (correct)

    • What is the estimated post-harvest loss percentage for tomatoes?

  • 12.5%
  • 25-35%
  • 1.6-16% (correct)
  • 20-30%

    • What defines the term 'harvest'?

  • The accumulation of crops over time
  • The single action of separating food from its growth medium (correct)
  • The market sale of harvested food
  • The processing of food for consumption

    • Which process involves interpreting scientific measurements in post-harvest handling?

    <p>Estimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does damage refer to in the context of food handling?

    <p>Partial deterioration that is difficult to measure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase do post-harvest losses occur at 30-40%?

    <p>Marketing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the general term applied to handling of crops post-harvest?

    <p>Post-production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is critical to prevent post-harvest losses?

    <p>Well-organized marketing strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a significant cause of post-harvest losses?

    <p>Excessive sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of post-harvest losses is associated with farmer's fields?

    <p>15-20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does inadequate technical support play in post-harvest losses?

    <p>Increases physiological deterioration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural process in fresh horticultural crops leads to high susceptibility to post-harvest losses?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is loss measured in the context of post-harvest processes?

    <p>As a reduction in weight of food available for consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor in causing physiological deterioration of fruits and vegetables after harvest?

    <p>Inadequate preservation methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fresh horticultural crop has the highest post-harvest loss percentage?

    <p>Pineapple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to high post-harvest losses due to microorganisms?

    <p>High moisture content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effect of late realization of the importance of post-harvest practices?

    <p>Increased losses due to negligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessment in post-harvest handling?

    <p>To characterize the importance of loss points in the food chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of postharvest handling technology?

    <p>To ensure crops remain in an acceptable state and palatable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to post-harvest losses?

    <p>Pre-cooling facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crop has the lowest recorded post-harvest loss percentage?

    <p>Potato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between measurement and assessment in post-harvest contexts?

    <p>Measurement provides precise quantitative facts, while assessment is a rough approximation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does a wide gap in available technologies have on post-harvest outcomes?

    <p>Limits effective handling and preservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of post-harvest losses?

    <p>Lack of infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of evaporative cool storage for farmers?

    <p>It helps reduce spoilage and extends storage life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the lack of market information affect post-harvest losses?

    <p>It causes inadequate post-harvest consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Controlled Atmosphere (CA) storage primarily rely on?

    <p>Adjusting CO2 and O2 concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature range is effective for storing Papaya under modified atmosphere conditions?

    <p>10 - 12 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a cold chain in logistics management?

    <p>To maintain quality and safety through temperature control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following crops has been mentioned to have its shelf life extended significantly via modified atmosphere packaging?

    <p>Cavendish banana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does lowering the temperature in cold storage have on fruits and vegetables?

    <p>Reduces the rate of respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology effectively controls the rate of transpiration and respiration to keep produce fresh?

    <p>Pre-packaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of primary processing?

    <p>Packaging fresh vegetables for supermarkets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) extend the shelf life of produce?

    <p>By modifying the oxygen content in the package</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does qualitative loss affect in food products?

    <p>The wholesomeness, appearance, and taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately captures the importance of proper postharvest handling?

    <p>It helps to minimize nutrient loss and improves nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Perishable crops include which of the following?

    <p>Young coconut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are durability characteristics of durable crops?

    <p>They can withstand significant changes without deterioration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of postharvest loss is described by impairment of quality?

    <p>Qualitative loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of fruits and vegetables are estimated to be lost in the Philippines?

    <p>28-42 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Post-Harvest Handling and Seed Technology

    • Post-harvest begins when food is collected or separated from its production site.
    • Post-production encompasses handling crops from harvest until they reach consumers.
    • Post-harvest handling refers to the specific movement and operations of commodities from harvest to food preparation.
    • Harvest is the deliberate act of separating foodstuff from its growth medium, with subsequent actions categorized as post-harvest.
    • Food pertains to any commodity intended for human consumption.

    Definitions and Key Terms

    • Loss indicates a reduction in available food weight.
    • Damage involves physical spoilage, often measured as a percentage of the food sample.
    • Assessment provides a rough quantitative approximation of food loss in a supply chain.
    • Measurement is a precise calculation of loss, while estimation interprets scientific measurements with experience and judgment.

    Post-Harvest Loss Statistics

    • Pineapple: 30-40%
    • Banana: 25-35%
    • Cabbage: 20-30%
    • Garlic: 20-42%
    • Potato: 12.5%
    • Lettuce: 19.6%
    • Tomato: 1.6-16%

    Important Sites of Post-Harvest Losses

    • Farmer’s Field: 15-20% loss rates
    • Packaging: 15-20% loss rates
    • Marketing: 30-40% loss rates
    • Transportation: 30-40% loss rates

    Causes of Post-Harvest Losses

    • Metabolic factors affect fresh horticultural crops that are still alive post-harvest, remaining susceptible to mechanical injuries.
    • Mechanical injury often occurs due to tender textures and high moisture content in fruits and vegetables.
    • Developmental issues can lead to sprouting and seed germination, impacting quality.
    • Parasitic diseases, caused by fungi, bacteria, and insects, deteriorate fresh produce quickly due to a lack of natural defenses.
    • Lack of knowledge and awareness, inadequate infrastructure, and poor technical support contribute to higher losses.
    • Physiological deterioration continues as fruits and vegetables remain biologically active after harvest.
    • Inadequate market demand and consumption quality control exacerbate losses.

    Technologies for Minimizing Post-Harvest Losses

    • Evaporative cool storage enhances returns by reducing shriveling and extending storage life of produce.
    • Pre-packaging controls transpiration and respiration, maintaining freshness at various temperatures.
    • Cold storage employs low temperatures to prolong storage life and delay ripening.
    • Controlled Atmosphere (CA) storage utilizes high CO2 and low O2 levels to reduce respiration rates.
    • Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) adjusts internal atmosphere to extend shelf life by several days.
    • Cold chain logistics ensure quality and safety through temperature control from production to consumer.

    Post-Production Handling Overview

    • Primary processing prepares crops for manufacturers or consumers, covering seed technology and handling of fruits, vegetables, and plantation crops.
    • Secondary processing converts produce into a form not subject to further change, including food and industrial processing.

    Importance of Proper Post-Harvest Handling

    • Increases available food with little input change, benefiting production efficiency.
    • Enhances nutrition by minimizing nutrient loss.
    • Reduces pollution and waste management challenges, particularly in urban areas.

    Types of Post-Harvest Losses

    • Quantitative loss refers to actual weight or volume losses, with significant estimates (28-42%) for fruits and vegetables in the Philippines.
    • Qualitative loss impacts food quality, affecting wholesomeness, value, and desirability, leading to lower market prices.
    • Annual losses can equate to substantial protein losses for the population, underscoring the importance of addressing both types of loss.

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    Related Documents

    Major Course 9: Post-Harvest Handling and Seed Technology PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers major concepts from the Post Harvest Handling and Seed Technology course, focusing on the introductory aspects, biological factors, and post-harvest control methods. It is designed to test your understanding of key topics related to the stage after harvesting, including maturity and senescence control.

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