Positive Individual Level and Character Strengths
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Questions and Answers

What is one benefit of experiencing gratitude?

  • Have a narrower human relational universe
  • Feel isolated from others
  • Avoid social interactions
  • Lead a more meaningful and fulfilled life (correct)

    • Gratitude can lead to a decrease in prosocial behavior.

    False

    What are two components of developing excellence in a specific area of expertise?

    Cognitive skills and Commitment

    Art can serve as a media to express emotions and feelings that cannot be expressed using __________.

    <p>words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following benefits or concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Gratitude = Functions as a moral barometer Excellence = Acquisition of extraordinary skill Aesthetic appreciation = Stimuli for positive emotion Art as healing = Aid in therapeutic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension of explanatory style emphasizes that the cause of an event is within one's control?

    <p>Internality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All aggregates are collectivities, but all collectivities are aggregates.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of social grouping is defined as a set of interacting individuals who mutually influence each other?

    <p>Group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The optimistic explanatory style associates _____ causes for good events and _____ causes for bad events.

    <p>internal, external</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of social grouping with its definition:

    <p>Aggregation = Assembly of individuals physically together Collectivity = Two or more individuals discussed as a whole Organization = Enduring group with structured roles Institution = Set of like organizations with pervasive influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virtue corresponds to interpersonal strengths such as kindness and social intelligence?

    <p>Humanity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virtue is concerned with mutual care and concern within an institution?

    <p>Humanity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Authenticity and enthusiasm are strengths under the virtue of Courage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An organization usually has temporary structures and roles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a good institution according to the content provided?

    <p>Enables the good life for its members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one benefit of practicing gratitude?

    <p>Improved overall well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The strengths of creativity and originality fall under the virtue of ______.

    <p>Wisdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following strengths with their corresponding virtues:

    <p>Kindness = Humanity Fairness = Justice Modesty = Temperance Awe = Transcendence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strength is primarily associated with the virtue of Temperance?

    <p>Self-control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Strengths that connect us to something larger than ourselves fall under the virtue of Wisdom.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of intrinsic motivation.

    <p>Pursuing a passion or hobby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The creative process involves the use of ______ and originality.

    <p>imagination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a strength?

    <p>It's always beneficial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motivation behind altruistic behavior?

    <p>Enhancing the welfare of another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Optimists tend to give up more than pessimists.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two sources of altruistic motivation mentioned in the content?

    <p>Empathy and collectivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Optimism is associated with the expectation of a __________ future.

    <p>desirable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Altruism = Motivation to benefit others without self-gain Optimism = Expectation of a positive future Pessimism = Expectation of a negative outcome Empathy = Emotional response to others' welfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'dispositional optimism'?

    <p>Global expectation that good things will be plentiful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Optimists are less likely to engage in risk-taking behaviors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one positive coping strategy that optimists use in response to negative events.

    <p>Problem-focused coping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with __________ can adapt better to adverse events like surgery or illness.

    <p>optimism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following coping strategies is NOT typically associated with optimists?

    <p>Denial of the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dignity in an organization refer to?

    <p>Treatment of all people regardless of their position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Good School emphasizes punishment over correction and skills building.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one psychological theory that emphasizes autonomy, competence, and relatedness for well-being.

    <p>Self-Determination Theory (SDT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Ancient Rome, the virtue of _______ ensured fair dealing within society.

    <p>equity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Eudaimonic Well-Being = Involves living a meaningful and purposeful life Subjective Well-Being = Refers to personal happiness and life satisfaction Psychological Well-Being = Combines both subjective and objective aspects of well-being Health = Includes physical, mental, and social well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of The Good Workplace?

    <p>Strict hierarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Caring and responsible behavior is promoted as a part of social and emotional competence in The Good School.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of well-being mentioned in the content?

    <p>Subjective Well-Being and Psychological Well-Being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Good Family is characterized by love and different _______ of family members.

    <p>roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized in Eudaimonic Well-Being?

    <p>A meaningful life beyond mere pleasure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension of explanatory style reflects that an event will always have the same cause?

    <p>Stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An optimistic explanatory style attributes stable and internal causes to bad events.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of social grouping is characterized by a set of interacting individuals who mutually influence each other?

    <p>Group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An institution is a set of like organizations with sustained influences on society or the world as a whole, such as __________.

    <p>education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of social grouping with their descriptions:

    <p>Aggregation = An assembly of individuals in the same place. Collectivity = Two or more individuals discussed as a whole. Organization = An enduring group with structured roles and customs. Institution = A set of like organizations with pivotal societal influences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which widely valued institutional-level virtue emphasizes equitable rules governing rewards and punishment?

    <p>Fairness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a 'good institution'?

    <p>An institution that enables the good life for its members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates grateful people to behave prosocially?

    <p>Sense of moral obligation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When someone shows ingratitude, it is likely that help will be offered again in the future.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one benefit of experiencing gratitude.

    <p>Feeling connected to something much larger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excellence can be developed through cognitive skills, commitment, and __________.

    <p>practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Hope = A feeling of expectation and desire for a certain thing to happen Optimism = The belief that good things will happen in the future Institutions = Organized structures that guide social behavior Gratitude = A positive emotional response to receiving help or kindness from others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a good workplace?

    <p>Culturally congruent with their workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social and emotional competence is essential for being a productive member of society.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'Eudaimonic Well-Being'.

    <p>A state of well-being that emphasizes meaningful living and fulfillment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Ancient Rome, the virtue of _______ was associated with fair dealing within society.

    <p>Equity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does the Good School emphasize in its approach to discipline?

    <p>Correction and skill building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Good Family is characterized only by the roles and responsibilities of family members.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does SDT stand for in the context of psychological well-being?

    <p>Self-Determination Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sense of ______ is emphasized in the Good School to enhance students' feelings of belonging.

    <p>connectedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of institutions as described in the content?

    <p>To ensure a community based on equity and justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the primary motivation behind altruistic behavior?

    <p>Empathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pessimists tend to be better equipped to adapt to negative events compared to optimists.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the expectation that good things will be plentiful in the future?

    <p>dispositional optimism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Optimists tend to use ______ coping strategies when faced with challenges.

    <p>problem-focused</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of having high dispositional optimism?

    <p>Improved adaptability to challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Altruism is driven by specific gains to one’s own welfare.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one characteristic that distinguishes optimists from pessimists when faced with difficulties.

    <p>Optimists do not give up easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Optimists produce a general state of ______ and resilience.

    <p>vigor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hope is considered a strength that connects us to something larger than ourselves.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strengths is associated with the virtue of Temperance?

    <p>Forgiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one strength that falls under the virtue of Humanity.

    <p>Kindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A characteristic of optimism is the expectation of a __________ future.

    <p>positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following virtues to their definitions:

    <p>Wisdom = Acquisition and use of knowledge Courage = Exercise of will to accomplish goals Justice = Civic strength Temperance = Protection against excesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of institutions in society?

    <p>To cultivate strengths and virtues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The virtue of Justice includes strengths related to loyalty and teamwork.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strength reflects the personal qualities in the virtue of Courage?

    <p>Perseverance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Institutions provide rituals to cultivate strengths and __________.

    <p>virtues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strength is primarily associated with the concept of optimism?

    <p>Hope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Positive Individual Level

    • DSM is a term used by psychologists and psychiatrists for mental illness.
    • Assumptions of VIA Classification:
      • Human strengths are not secondary to weaknesses.
      • Human strengths are scientifically understandable.
      • Human strengths are individual differences that vary.
      • Human strengths are influenced by environmental factors.
      • Three Levels of Human Strengths Classification:
        • Virtues are core characteristics valued by moral thinkers and philosophers.
        • Character strengths are psychological processes that define virtues.
        • Situational themes are specific habits that deploy strengths.
    • Character strengths are positive traits like curiosity, kindness, and gratitude.
    • Signature strengths are positive traits frequently exercised, celebrated, and owned by an individual.

    Criteria for Character and Signature Strengths

    • Character:
      • Widely recognized (universality).
      • Manifested in behaviors, thoughts, feelings, actions, and across situations.
      • Morally valued, regardless of benefit.
    • Signature:
      • A sense of ownership and authenticity (this is me).
      • Excited in displaying strength, first impressions are key.
      • Rapid learning curve as it's practiced.
      • Continuous learning of new ways to enact strength.
      • A sense of yearning to enact strength in accordance with the trait.
      • Demonstrating strength does not diminish others, but may benefit them.
      • Strength's use contributes to life fulfillment for self and others.
    • Wisdom: Acquisition and use of knowledge. Strengths include creativity, originality, curiosity, love of learning, judgment, personal intelligence, and perspective.
    • Courage: Exercise of will to accomplish goals in the face of adversity. Strengths include authenticity, enthusiasm, zest, industry, perseverance, valor, persistence, and bravery.
    • Humanity: Interpersonal strengths. Strengths include kindness, loving, being loved, and social intelligence.
    • Justice: Civic strength. Strengths include fairness, leadership, teamwork, and loyalty.
    • Temperance: Protection against excesses of all kinds. Strengths include modesty, humility, prudence, self-control, and forgiveness.

    Other Important Information:

    • Strengths are most associated with life satisfaction: curiosity, gratitude, hope, love, and zest (Park, Peterson & Seligman, 2004).
    • Commonly endorsed strengths (USA and other nations) include kindness, fairness, honesty, gratitude, and judgment, among others.
    • People recovering from serious illness/disorders have greater appreciation for beauty, bravery, curiosity, fairness, forgiveness, gratitude, humor, kindness, love of learning, and spirituality (Peterson, Park, & Seligman, 2006).
    • Gratitude is a felt sense of wonder, thankfulness, and appreciation; it's also a character strength. It's the realization that someone has helped you and feeling overwhelmed by your love for another.
    • Gratitude, as an emotion and strength, has connections to supporting others and promoting prosocial behavior, positive cycles, and reinforces helpful actions.
    • Expressing gratitude makes others feel good and increases likelihood of helping others. Feeling connected to something larger, gaining a wider human relational universe, a more meaningful and fulfilled life – these are all benefits of experiencing gratitude.
    • Gratitude reminds us of our place in the world and guards against excessive narcissism.
    • Excellence is the acquisition of extraordinary skill. This involves cognitive skills like large knowledge, memory abilities, and efficient information processing, as well as commitment to success and ongoing practice, often deliberate practice.
    • Becoming an elite performer typically takes at least a decade of dedicated practice.
    • Aesthetic appreciation of world's beauty, love, stimuli, and emotions.
    • Art, music, help patients, and boost intelligence.
    • Increased brain size can result from learning piano.
    • Creativity types: Process creativity (psychological and personal) and Product creativity (highly original and inventive problem-solving).
    • Superior problem-solving skills are demonstrated in low/small c creativity.
    • Big C creativity means genius and long-lasting contributions to a field or culture.
    • The confluence approach has 6 components needed for creativity, in relation to knowledge, personality traits, intellectual abilities, motivational style, supportive environment, and thinking styles.
    • T-shaped creativity integrates Freud's primary process thinking, Jung's deeper level of the unconscious, and a psychodynamic orientation, to preconscious thinking.
    • 4 stages of creative process: preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification.
    • Convergent and divergent thinking are different types of cognitive processing. Divergent thinking generates multiple possibilities, while convergent thinking finds a single solution.
    • Ways to increase creativity include cross-brain activity, rapid thought, original thought, and flexible thinking, alongside imagination and associations. Optimist traits and 1% inspiration, 99% perspiration.
    • Altruism is the motivation to promote another's wellbeing.
    • Optimism is the expectation of a desirable future, either global or specific to an outcome or experience
    • Optimism may involve specific positive expectations or a larger, more general expectation of good outcomes.
    • Individuals with optimism are more likely to cope with adversity.
    • Pessimism is the opposite, anticipating negative outcomes and likely not trying to cope with events.
    • Coping strategies can be classified as approach or avoidance coping, broken into emotion- and problem-focused types. Adaptive coping often involves addressing emotions first.
    • Transformational coping involves finding meaning in negative or stressful events; this includes benefit-finding, spiritual development, and seeing the bigger picture.
    • Positive mental health involves a combination of emotional, psychological, and social well-being.
    • Wellness is described along a continuum; it's an active process of moving toward successful, fulfilling existence and includes self-care, and context, including social contexts and relationships.
    • Humor is viewed as desirable in many cultures.
    • There are differing theories of humor (e.g. incongruity theory).
    • Humor may serve as a coping mechanism and enhance social support.
    • Therapeutic humor can promote health.
    • It is a common theme that meaning gives significance to life, and the need for meaning and the ways of coping.
    • Religion and spirituality contribute to well-being.

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    Description

    Explore the intricacies of the VIA Classification of character strengths in psychology. Understand how virtues, character strengths, and situational themes interplay to shape individual strengths. This quiz will help you identify signature strengths and their importance in personal development.

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