Positive Illusions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a common characteristic of people with positivity illusions according to the text?

They are less likely to have positive outcomes.

They dismiss negative attributes as unimportant. (correct)

They underestimate control in chance-based tasks.

They view their own future as darker than others'.

What is one self-enhancement strategy mentioned in the text to maintain positive self-views?

Hypercriticism

Self-handicapping (correct)

Self-pitying

Self-deprecation

What is a common outcome associated with self-handicapping according to the text?

Enhancing positive outcomes despite adversity (correct)

Decreased chances of success

Lowering expectations for oneself

Higher likelihood of self-doubt

What is a key feature of partisan processing as discussed in the text?

Preferring information that aligns with personal views Signup and view all the answers

How do people with positivity illusions tend to perceive control in chance-based tasks according to the text?

They overestimate control and anticipate positive outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

Which self-enhancement strategy is more likely to be employed when an individual doubts their ability?

Self-handicapping Signup and view all the answers

What concept involves seeking accurate information and increasing certainty in self-knowledge?

Self-Verification Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the preference for tasks that are highly capable of measuring characteristics of the self?

Self-Assessment Signup and view all the answers

In the context of uncertainty about a valued ability, what self-assessment behavior is likely to occur?

Preferring high diagnosticity tasks Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon suggests that most people rate themselves above average in various traits, skills, and roles?

Better-than-average effect Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the tendency to claim more positive attributes in self-evaluation than is statistically possible?

Self-Enhancement Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy involves individuals seeking tasks that offer accurate measures of their characteristics?

Self-Verification Signup and view all the answers

What is a subtle strategy mentioned in the text related to positivity illusions?

Recalling more desirable acts than what objective observers see Signup and view all the answers

In what situations may illusions related to self-enhancement not be beneficial?

When they fail to provide interpersonal benefits Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cultural difference mentioned in the text regarding self-enhancement?

Western cultures self-enhance less than Eastern cultures Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the relationship between self-enhancement and liking over time in a study of group dynamics?

Self-enhancement was related to liking at time 1 but not at time 2 Signup and view all the answers

What subtle strategy is mentioned in the text for maintaining positive beliefs about oneself?

Forgetting negative feedback preferentially Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the relationship between self-enhancement and narcissism based on a study?

Self-enhancement was positively associated with narcissism Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Positivity Illusions

People with positivity illusions often see themselves as more competent, likable, and in control than others see them.
Self-serving biases, such as taking credit for successes and blaming failures on external factors, are common strategies for maintaining positive self-views.
Self-handicapping, a strategy where individuals create obstacles that impede their performance, can lead to a perception of lesser ability, mitigating potential negative outcomes.
A key feature of partisan processing is the selective attention to information that supports positive self-views while disregarding information that contradicts them.
Individuals with positivity illusions often attribute positive outcomes in chance-based tasks to their own skill and negative outcomes to bad luck.
Self-affirmation, where one reflects on positive personal values, is often employed when individuals doubt their ability.
Self-verification, a process of seeking accurate information to increase certainty in self-knowledge, is vital for maintaining consistency in self-perception.
Self-focused tasks, which allow for accurate measurement of self-characteristics, are preferred by individuals seeking to understand their abilities.
When individuals are uncertain about a valued ability, they are likely to engage in self-assessment behaviors to confirm and solidify their self-image.
The above average effect suggests that most people perceive themselves as better than average in various traits, skills, and roles.
The better-than-average effect describes the tendency for individuals to claim more positive attributes in self-evaluation than statistically possible.
Self-assessment is a strategy where individuals choose tasks that provide accurate measures of their characteristics.
A subtle strategy for maintaining positive beliefs about oneself is to subtly focus on evidence that supports a positive self-view while downplaying contradictory evidence.
Illusions may not be beneficial in situations where individuals need to accurately assess their abilities and limitations to make informed decisions.
Across cultures, individuals may exhibit different levels of self-enhancement, with some cultures prioritizing modesty.
A study of group dynamics showed that self-enhancement is negatively related to group liking over time, suggesting that excessive self-promotion can lead to negative perceptions from others.
A subtle strategy for maintaining positive beliefs about oneself is to focus on strengths and accomplishments, disregarding weaknesses and failures.
A study found that self-enhancement could be linked to narcissism, implying that individuals with high levels of self-enhancement may exhibit narcissistic traits.

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Description

Test your knowledge on positive illusions and the tendency for individuals to prioritize positive traits over negative ones. Explore concepts such as illusions of control, unrealistic optimism, and self-enhancing biases.