Positive Emotions in Relationships
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended ratio of positive to negative emotions in relationships according to John Gottman's research?

  • 5:1 (correct)
  • 2:1
  • 3:1
  • 10:1

    • Who coined the term 'savouring' and defined it as the process of appreciating and enhancing positive experiences?

  • Bryant and Veroff (correct)
  • Fredrickson
  • Shelly Gable
  • Gottman

    • What is one of the key messages from John Gottman's research on relationships?

  • Negativity is essential
  • Conflict is inevitable
  • Positivity is overrated
  • Conflict is important (correct)

    • What is one way to savour positive experiences, according to Bryant and Veroff?

    <p>Anticipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of positive emotions on relationships, according to the Affect Infusion Model?

    <p>More flexible thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the positivity self-test, according to Fredrickson?

    <p>To determine the balance of positive to negative emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who suggests that self-expansion is a way to build relationships?

    <p>Aron and Aron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the benefits of building evidence of positive emotions?

    <p>Less likely to have hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of practicing gratitude interventions?

    <p>Reduced cognitive symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is positively associated with trait gratitude?

    <p>Higher self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of savouring positive events in a relationship?

    <p>Increased relationship wellbeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of response to good news does a partner show when they say 'I never get to see you; you're always going to be at work' to someone who just got a promotion?

    <p>Active destructive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be increased through saying thanks?

    <p>Upstream altruism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of character strengths?

    <p>Personal virtues and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of increased social support through gratitude?

    <p>Increased wellbeing and health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many virtues are there in character strengths?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of individuals with affective disorders such as anxiety and depression?

    <p>Heightened attentional bias towards threat-relevant and negative stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process ofcapitalising on positive events?

    <p>Savouring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of practicing gratitude interventions?

    <p>Lower incidence of anxiety and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is positively predicted by trait gratitude?

    <p>Amount of social support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a passive constructive response to good news?

    <p>Oh okay, are you ready for dinner?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of responding actively and constructively to good news?

    <p>Amplified positive experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be increased through a 4-week gratitude intervention?

    <p>Self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of intervention studies that use character strengths?

    <p>To develop character strengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the physical body?

    <p>To rejuvenate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which exercise influences mental well-being?

    <p>Biological, psychological, and social</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of mindfulness on brain activity?

    <p>Activates the left PFC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the therapy that involves paying attention to the present moment in a non-judgmental way?

    <p>Mindfulness-based stress reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approach that involves using Big Data to examine individual and community-level factors?

    <p>Top-down approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of appreciating and enhancing positive experiences?

    <p>Savouring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of using Big Data to predict the flu outbreak?

    <p>2 weeks ahead of the authorities' prediction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of paying attention to the present moment in a non-judgmental way?

    <p>Mindfulness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of Hypothesis 1 in the context of depression?

    <p>Buffering against depression through positive emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Broadminded Affective Coping Procedure (BMAC)?

    <p>To help individuals suffering from PTSD or trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predicted outcome of becoming skilled in Loving-Kindness Meditation (LKM) according to the hypothesis?

    <p>Increase in daily experiences of positive emotions, leading to improved mental health and overall life satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between resilience and depression according to Hypothesis 1?

    <p>Resilience has a negative correlation with depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the study that measured resilience, optimism, and life satisfaction?

    <p>The impact of positive emotions on mental health and wellbeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of positive emotions according to the Broaden and Build Theory?

    <p>They build a variety of personal resources that hold positive consequences for mental health and overall life satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the 7-week loving-kindness meditation (LKM) study?

    <p>Increased daily experiences of positive emotions, leading to improved mental health and overall life satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between resilience and psychological resources according to Hypothesis 2?

    <p>Resilience has a positive correlation with psychological resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of negative emotions in terms of adaptive significance?

    <p>To carry adaptive significance in the immediate moment they are experienced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the undoing effect, as described by Barbara Frederickson and Robert Levenson?

    <p>A pattern of heightened sympathetic cardiovascular reactivity typical of anxiety, fear, and other health-damaging negative emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of learning our ABCs in cognitive behavior therapy?

    <p>To identify and challenge unhelpful thinking traps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of positive emotions in terms of adaptive significance?

    <p>They carry adaptive significance not in the immediate moment but later through the building of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of responding actively and constructively to good news?

    <p>Increased social support and well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of character strengths?

    <p>Developing virtues and strengths of character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of positive emotions in terms of emotional regulation?

    <p>They broaden attention, cognition, and action, and increase creativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of incorporating the BMAC into therapy for PTSD or trauma victims?

    <p>Reduced feelings of anhedonia and increased resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of individuals with affective disorders such as anxiety and depression?

    <p>They have difficulty recognizing and regulating their own emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of cognitive behavior therapy in terms of emotional regulation?

    <p>To identify and challenge unhelpful thinking traps and increase positive emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Benefits of Positive Emotions

    • Increased resilience and optimism
    • Less likely to have hypertension
    • Longer lifespan

    Positive Emotions and Relationships

    • More flexible thinking
    • Affect Infusion Model
    • Self-expansion through relationships
    • Emotional contagion

    Self-Expansion

    • Self-expansion occurs through relationships with others

    Emotional Cognition

    • Positivity self-test determines balance of positive to negative emotions
    • Goal is to achieve a positive score of at least 3, and ideally 5
    • High levels of positive interactions are key to healthy, flourishing relationships

    John Gottman's Research

    • Predicts relationship success with 94% accuracy
    • Happy marriages have a ratio of positive to negative affect of 5:1
    • Two key messages: conflict is important, and positivity should outweigh negativity

    Savouring

    • Defined as attending to, appreciating, and enhancing positive experiences
    • Increases wellbeing
    • Ways to savour positive events: anticipation, being in the moment, and gratitude

    Positive Interpretation Bias

    • Through positive reframing, individuals see life as more manageable, meaningful, and coherent
    • Associated with increased self-esteem

    Positive Attentional Bias

    • Individuals with trait gratitude have lower incidence of anxiety and depression
    • Decreased attentional bias towards threat-relevant and negative stimuli

    Psycho-Social Framework

    • Increased social support through trait gratitude
    • Saying thanks increases social support to the person saying 'thank you'
    • Reciprocal altruism and upstream altruism increase relationship quality and satisfaction

    Reminiscing

    • Savouring increases relationship wellbeing
    • Capitalising on positive events increases wellbeing and health

    Responses to Good News

    • Two dimensions: constructive/active and destructive/passive
    • Active constructive responses amplify positive experiences

    Character Strengths

    • Development of character strengths through intervention studies
    • 6 virtues: wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence
    • The Golden Mean: finding balance in character strengths

    BMAC and PTSD

    • The Broadminded Affective Coping Procedure (BMAC) can be useful for PTSD or trauma victims in two ways: reducing feelings of anhedonia and boosting resilience.
    • In a study, participants who filled out the BMAC reported no significant effects on calmness, happiness, and sadness/defeat at 1 hour, 2 hours, and 2 days after.

    The Undoing Effect

    • The undoing effect occurs when initial negative emotions generate a clear pattern of heightened sympathetic cardiovascular reactivity typical of anxiety, fear, and other health-damaging negative emotions.
    • This effect is not limited to women and occurs in men as well.

    Positive and Negative Emotions

    • Positive emotions (PE) broaden attention, cognition, and action, and carry adaptive significance not in the immediate moment but later through building resources.
    • PE are more than just "happy feelings" and can expand cognition, increase creativity, and increase the number of potential behavioral options.
    • Negative emotions (NE) narrow thought-action tendency, carry adaptive significance in the moment, and are linked to the activation of the autonomic nervous system.
    • NE help reproduce genes and prepare the body physically and psychologically to act in quick and specific ways.

    Resilience

    • Resilience is the ability to bounce back from adversity or to thrive despite negative life circumstances.
    • Factors that influence resilience include cognitive behavioral therapy, learning to recognize and challenge unhelpful thinking traps, and using the ABC model.

    Mind and Body

    • The physical body's aim is to rejuvenate, and factors that influence this include spike, energize, numb, and chill activities.
    • Exercise influences mental well-being through psychological, biological, and social mechanisms.
    • Mindfulness involves paying attention in a particular way, on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally, and can activate the left prefrontal cortex (PFC).

    Big Data and Positive Institutions

    • Top-down and bottom-up approaches can be used with Big Data to influence individual and community levels.
    • Examples of Big Data applications include Google Flu Trends and predicting psychological resources and depressive symptoms.

    LKM and Positive Emotions

    • Loving-kindness meditation (LKM) can increase feelings of warmth and caring for the self and others, and build personal resources that hold positive consequences for mental health and overall life satisfaction.
    • A study found that LKM increased daily experiences of positive emotions, which in turn built a variety of personal resources that held positive consequences for mental health and overall life satisfaction.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the benefits of positive emotions on relationships, including increased resilience, flexibility in thinking, and self-expansion with others.

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