Portuguese Exploration History
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the motivations behind Prince Henry of Portugal's expeditions?

  • To dominate the Indian subcontinent militarily
  • To spread the Portuguese language
  • To circumvent Muslim control over trade routes (correct)
  • To establish colonies in North America

    • What did the Treaty of Tordesillas establish?

  • The division of the non-Christian world between Portugal and Spain (correct)
  • The boundaries for trade between Asian empires
  • The rights of England to explore the New World
  • The prohibition of slave trade in the Americas

    • What year did Vasco Da Gama successfully reach India?

  • 1487
  • 1492
  • 1498 (correct)
  • 1502

    • Who provided technical knowledge and ships to assist Portugal's maritime endeavors?

    <p>The Genoese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notable navigator is credited with rounding the Cape of Good Hope in 1487?

    <p>Bartholomew Dias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Pope Nicholas V's bull regarding navigation?

    <p>It authorized Henry to navigate to India to combat Muslim influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Hindu ruler of Calicut, known as the Zamorin, had what reaction to the arrival of the Portuguese?

    <p>He was indifferent to their arrival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key factor that made exploration viable for Portugal and Spain during this period?

    <p>Support from North European kingdoms in terms of finance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marked the beginning of Portuguese influence in India?

    <p>Arrival of Vasco-da-Gama at Calicut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which power ousted the Portuguese from Southeast Asia in 1596?

    <p>The Dutch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What military innovation did the Portuguese introduce in the Malabar region?

    <p>Body armor and matchlock guns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major consequence of the Portuguese losing Goa's significance after the fall of the Vijayanagara empire?

    <p>Brazil overtook it as Portugal's economic center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the Portuguese capture Diu?

    <p>1559</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event occurred first in the timeline of Portuguese presence in India?

    <p>Establishment of the first Portuguese fort at Cochin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy did the Portuguese use to gain a monopoly over trade?

    <p>Threat or actual use of force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year did the English take Surat from the Portuguese?

    <p>1612</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Nagapatam for the Dutch?

    <p>It was their main stronghold in South India after capturing it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following commodities was NOT traded by the Dutch in India?

    <p>Tea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marked the climax of the enmity between the Dutch and the English in the East?

    <p>The massacre at Amboyna.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes the Dutch presence in India during the 17th century?

    <p>They established multiple factories across various regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary reason for the decline of the Dutch in India?

    <p>Shift in focus to trade in the Malay Archipelago.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of goods did the Dutch carry to the Far East from India?

    <p>Textiles, indigo, saltpetre, and opium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did the Dutch open a factory in Surat?

    <p>1616</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the compromise reached in 1667 between the British and the Dutch?

    <p>The British withdrew claims on Indonesia, and the Dutch focused on Indonesia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What annual payment did the English agree to in order to trade in Bengal?

    <p>Rs 3,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which location was the first factory established by the English in Bengal?

    <p>Hooghly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggered hostilities between the English and the Mughals in Bengal?

    <p>A failure of negotiations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Job Charnock take after the Mughal raid on Hooghly?

    <p>Negotiated with the Mughals for a return to Sutanuti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was the treaty signed that allowed the English to return to Sutanuti?

    <p>1690</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What notable event occurred in October 1686?

    <p>Hooghly was sacked by the imperial Mughals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What village's zamindari did the English secure in 1698?

    <p>Gobindapur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Mughal governor of Bengal in August 1682?

    <p>Shaista Khan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the victory at Wandiwash for the English East India Company?

    <p>They gained undisputed control over the European presence in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributed to the military superiority of the English over the French?

    <p>The English received better supplies from their settlements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the structure of the English East India Company differ from that of the French?

    <p>The English company allowed for quicker decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one major financial advantage that the English had over the French?

    <p>They maintained a better commercial focus than the French.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the French approach to their operations in India compared to the English?

    <p>The French prioritized territorial ambition over commercial success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the significance of the sepoys in the Battle of Wandiwash?

    <p>Their participation indicated the growing involvement of natives in European conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a limitation faced by the French in maintaining their positions in India?

    <p>They relied on laboriously transported supplies from the land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which English commander was notable for his role during the confrontations with the French?

    <p>Sir Eyre Coote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributed to the English East India Company's success in India over other European trading companies?

    <p>Amalgamation of rival companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of settlements did the Danish East India Company primarily establish?

    <p>Missionary stations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the French East India Company differ in structure from the English East India Company?

    <p>Its directors were appointed by state officials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major reason for the lack of early rivalry among European trading companies in India?

    <p>Limited presence in India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which European trading company was known to have a strong understanding of local business practices, contributing to their success?

    <p>English East India Company</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the Danish factories in India by 1845?

    <p>They were sold to the British government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did shareholder influence in the English East India Company differ from that in the French and Portuguese companies?

    <p>Voting rights could be bought and sold in the English Company</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the scale of the Danish East India Company's activities in India?

    <p>Its factories were always minor and less important</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Advent of Europeans and Consolidation of British Power in India

    • History is a continuous process, not easily divided into distinct periods like ancient, medieval, and modern.
    • The advent of Europeans in India can be traced back to the 15th century, even before the Mughal Empire.
    • The fall of Constantinople in 1453 impacted trade routes and stimulated European exploration of sea routes to the East Indies, including India.
    • Europeans sought a direct sea route to India for access to valuable commodities like spices, textiles, and precious stones.
    • Technological advancements in shipbuilding and navigation aided European exploration.
    • The demand for luxury goods from the East in Europe increased in the 15th century, driving the quest for direct trade routes.
    • Portugal was a leading force in the early exploration and trade with India, aiming for a direct, maritime route to circumvent existing Muslim intermediaries.
    • Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, reached Calicut in 1498, marking a pivotal moment in India's history.
    • This journey opened up new possibilities for trade but also sparked a major shift in power dynamics in the region.
    • The arrival of Vasco da Gama significantly altered Indian history.
    • The Portuguese soon began establishing their presence on the Indian coastal regions.

    The Portuguese in India

    • The Arab dominance of trade routes in Egypt and Persia hindered European access to Indian goods in the 15th century.
    • The Portuguese were motivated to control Indian Ocean trade and establish trade factories.
    • The Portuguese used economic and military means to establish their dominance.
    • Portugal's ambition to control the sea routes to India led to conflict with established traders from the Middle East and India.
    • The Portuguese aimed to monopolize trade, excluding competitors, such as Arab merchants.
    • Economic development in Europe in the 15th century drove the demand for oriental goods, such as spices.
    • There was a rise in the economic power of Venice and Genoa; neither was large enough to contend with the Ottomans effectively, motivating them to seek allies in Portugal and Spain.
    • Vasco da Gama's voyage from Portugal to Calicut (India) in 1498 marked the beginning of a new era in the European-Indian relations, marked by the quest for new trade routes.
    • The economic ambition of the Portuguese spurred the need for a different way of conducting trade.
    • This altered the existing trade system that was in place prior to the arrival of the Portuguese in India.

    Advent of Europeans in India

    • The Portuguese established trading posts, and subsequently consolidated their power through military engagements, impacting the political landscape of India.
    • Albuquerque, a subsequent Portuguese leader, significantly expanded Portuguese influence and control, including seizing Goa in 1510.
    • The Portuguese's introduction of the cartaz system to regulate trade effectively challenged existing merchants and also resulted in the development of new economic and political powers.
    • The Portuguese also engaged in establishing settlements, including fortifications, on the coasts.
    • While they initially enjoyed significant dominance, the power of the Portuguese in India gradually waned as other European powers emerged.
    • Various European powers established trading posts.
    • Europeans gradually acquired territory and expanded their influence.

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    Advent of Europeans and Consolidation of British Power in India (PDF)

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the key events and figures of Portuguese exploration during the Age of Discovery. From motivations behind expeditions to significant treaties and discoveries, this quiz covers crucial aspects of maritime history. Ideal for students of history or anyone interested in this pivotal era.

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