Questions and Answers
Upon arriving in India, Vasco da Gama was welcomed by?
Who was appointed as the Governor of India by the King of Portugal in 1505?
In 1498, Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer had discovered a route to?
In which year did the Portuguese capture Goa?
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Who is the first person to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route?
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What was the primary reason for the Portuguese exploration to India?
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Printing press in India was introduced by?
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Who was the first to come and the last to leave European power in India?
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What significant role was established by the Regulating Act of 1773?
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Which of the following required the Company's Directors to present all correspondence regarding India's civil and military affairs?
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Which of the following changes did the Regulating Act of 1773 NOT implement?
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What was one primary objective of the Subsidiary Alliance system established by Lord Wellesley?
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Which of the following was the first state to enter into a Subsidiary Alliance?
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What was the primary purpose of the Regulating Act of 1773?
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Which body was established to oversee the actions of the East India Company as a result of the Regulating Act of 1773?
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Which of the following was NOT a provision included in the Regulating Act of 1773?
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What significant administrative change was brought about by the Regulating Act of 1773?
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In what way did the Regulating Act of 1773 influence the governance of British territories in India?
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Study Notes
Portuguese Exploration of India
- Vasco da Gama discovered a sea route to India in 1498, establishing direct maritime trade between Europe and India.
- In 1501, he set up a trading factory in Cannanore (Kannur), initiating Portuguese influence in India.
- Vasco da Gama's tomb is located in Jeronimos Monastery, Belem, Lisbon, Portugal.
- The Vasco da Gama Church in Kochi, Kerala commemorates the Portuguese presence during the Age of Exploration.
Initial Contact in India
- Upon arriving in India on May 20, 1498, Vasco da Gama was welcomed by Zamorin, the ruler of Calicut (Kozhikode).
- This encounter symbolized the start of Portuguese trade and influence in the Indian subcontinent.
Key Appointments and Conquests
- Francisco De Almeida was appointed as the Governor of India by the King of Portugal in 1505, with a mission to consolidate Portuguese power and disrupt Muslim trade.
- Almeida was advised to build fortresses at strategic locations such as Anjadiva, Cochin, Cannanore, and Kilwa.
- Afonso de Albuquerque became the second governor-general, capturing Goa in 1510 by defeating the Bijapur Sultanate, marking a significant expansion of Portuguese rule.
Portuguese Colonial Rule in Goa
- The conquest of Goa in 1510 established it as a vital trading and strategic center for the Portuguese on the west coast of India.
- Portuguese colonial rule in Goa lasted until 1961 when it was incorporated into India.
Maritime Trade Impact
- Vasco da Gama was the first person to establish an ocean route linking Europe and Asia by sailing around the Cape of Good Hope.
- His pioneering voyage in 1497-1498 significantly altered global trade patterns and historical trajectories.
Motivation for Exploration
- The primary motivation behind Portuguese exploration was to find new trade routes to access spices and valuable goods.
- The spice trade was largely controlled by the Ottoman Turks and Arabs; the Portuguese aimed to dominate this lucrative market.
Introduction of Printing in India
- The Portuguese introduced the first printing press in India in 1550, set up at St. Paul’s College, Goa, in 1556.
- The press facilitated the publication of literature, with the first book printed in 1557 aimed at promoting missionary work.
Timeline of European Powers in India
- Portuguese were the first European power to arrive in India and also the last to leave, maintaining a presence for over 450 years.
- The sequence of arrival of European powers in India: Portuguese, followed by Dutch, British, and French.
Battle of Wandiwash
- Fought in 1760 between French and British forces led by Sir Eyre Coote.
- A key event during the Seven Years' War.
- Demonstrated shifting power dynamics in colonial India.
Murshid Quli Khan
- Served as the Nawab of Bengal from 1717 to 1727.
- Transferred the capital from Dacca (Dhaka) to Murshidabad.
- Known for administrative reforms improving Bengal's economy.
Tipu Sultan
- Known as the "Tiger of Mysore."
- Died in 1799 defending Seringapatam during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.
- Inspired by French Revolutionary ideals; modernized Mysore.
- His summer palace, Daria Daulat Bagh, contains important historical artifacts.
Regulating Act of 1773
- Created the position of Governor-General of Bengal and a council.
- Established oversight of East India Company’s administration.
- Altered the Company’s domestic structure and made its actions subject to British Government supervision.
Subsidiary Alliance
- Planned by Lord Wellesley as a method to establish British control in India.
- Required Indian rulers to pay a subsidy for the British army's maintenance.
- Hyderabad was the first state to enter into the alliance, not Awadh.
British Provincial Divisions
- Regions divided into three presidencies: Bengal, Bombay, and Madras.
- Established trade relations initiated by the East India Company in the early 1600s.
- Control over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa was solidified after the Battle of Buxar (1764).
Battle of Plassey
- Took place in 1757; marked the start of British political control in India.
- Robert Clive's forces defeated the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daula.
- British strategic fortifications and misuse of trade privileges fueled tensions.
- Known for the ‘Black Hole of Calcutta,’ where many British prisoners suffocated.
Warren Hastings
- First Governor-General of Bengal appointed by the East India Company in 1773.
- Played a significant role in the early administration of British India.
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Description
Explore the significant events during the Age of Exploration focusing on the Portuguese. This quiz highlights Vasco da Gama's journey to India, his impact on European trade, and the establishment of Portuguese trade routes. Test your knowledge of this pivotal moment in modern history.
