Portuguese Exploration and Goa

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Questions and Answers

Who advocated the policy of dominating the entire oriental commerce by setting up forts at various strategic places in Asia and Africa?

Albuquerque

What was the first Indian territory acquired by the Europeans since the time of Alexander?

Goa

Who captured Goa in 1510, making it a Portuguese naval base?

Alfonso de Albuquerque

What year did Vasco da Gama reach India?

1498 Signup and view all the answers

What was the title given to the Portuguese rulers of India?

Viceroy of India Signup and view all the answers

What two magnificent harbors were constructed in Goa by the Portuguese?

Panaji and Mormugao Signup and view all the answers

What was the specific Indian port that Vasco da Gama landed at?

Calicut (Kozhikode, Kerala) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the statement 'SIXTY TIMES THE VOYAGE' in relation to Vasco da Gama's journey?

It signifies the immense profits he earned from the Indian merchandise he brought back to Portugal. Signup and view all the answers

What year did Albuquerque capture Goa, making it a Portuguese naval base?

1510 Signup and view all the answers

What was the vision of the next Portuguese leader, Almeida, regarding the Indian Ocean?

He aimed to establish Portuguese dominance over the Indian Ocean. Signup and view all the answers

In what dynasty and city did the Portuguese establish Goa as their naval base?

Adil Shahi Dynasty, Bijapur Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information presented, what was the primary motivation behind Vasco da Gama's voyage to India?

Trade, specifically the desire for Indian goods and spices. Signup and view all the answers

What was the timeframe of Albuquerque's rule as Viceroy of India?

1509-1515 Signup and view all the answers

How did Vasco da Gama's journey impact the Indian Ocean?

It led to Portuguese involvement in the Indian Ocean trade, disrupting existing networks and prompting the rise of European influence in the region. Signup and view all the answers

Who preceded Afonso de Albuquerque as the Viceroy of India, and what was his term?

Francisco de Almeida, 1505-1509 Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of Nino da Cunha in the Portuguese control of Goa?

He solidified the Portuguese control of Goa and further strengthened their naval base. Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection between the provided content and the 'Bookstawa' mentioned?

The text mentions 'Download PDF of this lecture from Bookstawa App'. This indicates that 'Bookstawa' is a platform where this information is available as educational content. Signup and view all the answers

What can you infer from the repetition of the phrase 'Follow Bookstawa Playlists' in the given text?

Bookstawa Playlists are a key resource for studying modern history, ancient history and Indian polity. Signup and view all the answers

Besides Vasco da Gama, who else is mentioned in the provided text regarding their vision of the Indian Ocean?

Almeida Signup and view all the answers

Given the information presented, describe the impact of Vasco da Gama's voyage on the Portuguese.

Vasco Da Gama's voyage significantly enriched Portugal due to the lucrative trade in spices and other goods from India. Signup and view all the answers

What significant year is associated with Vasco da Gama's arrival in India?

1498 Signup and view all the answers

Which city did Vasco da Gama primarily visit in India?

Calicut (Kozhikode) Signup and view all the answers

How long did Vasco da Gama stay in Calicut during his first visit?

Three months Signup and view all the answers

What were the two main interests that clashed during Vasco da Gama's expedition?

Religious and commercial interests Signup and view all the answers

How were Arab traders viewed by the Zamorin in Calicut?

They were held in high esteem. Signup and view all the answers

Which country was Vasco da Gama representing during his voyage?

Portugal Signup and view all the answers

What religious affiliation were the Portuguese during Vasco da Gama's time?

Christian Signup and view all the answers

Who were considered the enemies of the Muslims in the context of Vasco da Gama's expedition?

The Portuguese Signup and view all the answers

What was Francisco De Almeida's perspective on the sustainability of dominions based solely on naval power?

He believed that a dominion based solely on a navy cannot last. Signup and view all the answers

What strategic advantages did Albuquerque see in the Island of Goa?

He recognized Goa's natural harbor and fort as excellent for commanding the Malabar Trade. Signup and view all the answers

Between which years did Francisco De Almeida serve as the Viceroy of India?

Almeida served as Viceroy from 1505 to 1509. Signup and view all the answers

What policy did Albuquerque advocate regarding oriental commerce?

Albuquerque advocated dominating oriental commerce by establishing forts at strategic locations. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key reasons for establishing a fort at Goa according to Albuquerque?

Goa was strategically close to Gujarat Sea Ports, enhancing trade opportunities. Signup and view all the answers

How did Albuquerque’s actions influence Portuguese trade in the Deccan region?

He aimed to keep an eye on the Deccan Rulers to secure Portuguese interests in trade. Signup and view all the answers

What years marked Alfonso de Albuquerque's tenure as Viceroy of India?

Albuquerque served as Viceroy from 1509 to 1515. Signup and view all the answers

What did Almeida suggest about the relationship with native rulers?

He suggested that native rulers should be either friendly or engaged in trade. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the critical outcomes of establishing forts in Asia and Africa?

Establishing forts allowed the Portuguese to dominate trade routes and defend their interests. Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Island of Goa play in Albuquerque's strategic vision?

It served as a central point for controlling trade in the Malabar region. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason why Bahadur Shah granted the island of Bassein to the Portuguese?

Bahadur Shah granted the island of Bassein to the Portuguese in exchange for their support against the Mughals, as outlined in the Treaty of Bassein. Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the significant changes introduced during Alfonso de Albuquerque's rule in Goa?

Alfonso de Albuquerque's rule in Goa saw several significant changes, including the abolition of Sati, encouragement of mixed marriages between Portuguese and locals, establishment of schools, introduction of Portuguese as the official language, and construction of buildings, roads, and irrigation works. Signup and view all the answers

Besides Diu, name at least one other territory that was granted to the Portuguese in the Treaty of Bassein.

The Treaty of Bassein granted the Portuguese the island of Bassein, along with Diu, in exchange for their support against the Mughals. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Bahadur Shah eventually regret granting concessions to the Portuguese?

Bahadur Shah regretted granting concessions to the Portuguese because the Mughals eventually expelled them from Gujarat, leading to a decline in Portuguese influence in the region. Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the new crops introduced during Nino da Cunha's rule?

Nino da Cunha introduced several new crops to the region, including tobacco, cashew nut, and a specific variety of coconut, known as 'betel plana.' Signup and view all the answers

Mention any two key objectives of the Portuguese in building the Diu fort.

The Portuguese built the Diu fort to secure a strong military base in the region and control trade routes within the Indian Ocean. This ultimately aimed to strengthen their position as a dominant force in the region. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the Portuguese to support Gujarat against the Mughals?

The Portuguese supported Gujarat against the Mughals to secure their own interests in the region, including maintaining their trade access and controlling strategic ports like Diu. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vasco da Gama's Voyage to India

Vasco da Gama reached India in 1498
Western coast of India, from Konkan to Kanyakumari, was the region where 11 major successor states of the ancient Chera Empire existed
The Zamorin, the Sovereign Hindu Kingdom in Calicut (Kozhikode, Kerala), welcomed Vasco da Gama and granted permission to trade within his dominions without any restraints
The Arabs held a monopoly on trade in the region
The arrival of Portuguese in Arabian waters posed a direct threat to their trade monopoly
The Portuguese were religious fanatics and enemies of Muslims
Vasco da Gama stayed in Calicut for 3 months before returning to Portugal
He brought back Indian merchandise

Portuguese in India

Settling of Portuguese in Calicut
Establishing trading centers such as Kannanore, Cochin, and Calicut
Fortification of established trading centers
Portuguese traders were not allowed to undertake any naval expedition to India unless it was a state enterprise
Private traders were not permitted to embark on naval expeditions

Conflicts

The Zamorin warned the Portuguese to maintain peace within his dominions
The Portuguese retaliated by taking up arms against the Zamorin following the warning
There were incidents of violence between the Portuguese and the Arab traders
Portuguese setup their first factory in Calicut, with Zamorin's permission
Pedro Alvarez Cabral was sent to India with a larger fleet due to Vasco da Gama's success
Trade missions were essentially state enterprises
Private Portuguese traders not allowed to deploy naval expeditions to India
The Zamorin warned the Portuguese to maintain peace within his dominions.
Cabral retaliated by taking up arms against the Zamorin
Violence occurred between the Portuguese and Arab traders

Trade and Commerce

Portuguese traders obtained a monopoly over all Indian trade by pushing out the Arabs in 1507
The Portuguese were able to establish control over the entire Indian Ocean trade routes by strengthening their presence in key locations like the coasts of Omruz, Goa, and Malacca
The Portuguese established a system to prevent other ships from interfering in their trade routes with their permit system

Policy of Albuquerque

Dominating all of oriental commerce through forts and strategic locations throughout Asia and Africa
Island of Goa was deemed an excellent location for a strategic policy (natural harbor and fort) to command the Malabar Trade and keep an eye on Deccan rulers. Its close proximity to Gujarat Sea ports was considered advantageous
Setting up forts in strategic locations (Asia and Africa) to dominate oriental commerce
Construction of magnificent harbors (Panaji and Marmugao) in Goa.
Abolishment of Sati in Goa
Encouraging mixed marriages
Introduction of Portuguese as the official language
Construction of buildings, roads and irrigation works
Introduction of new crops (tobacco, cashew nut, coconut variety)

Ottoman Turks

Ottoman Turks attacked the Portuguese at Diu and were repulsed by Rumi Khan
The Portuguese fought and defeated the combined Egyptian and Gujarat Navies which gave them control over the Indian ocean.

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Description

This quiz delves into the Portuguese exploration of India, particularly focusing on Vasco da Gama's journey and the establishment of Goa as a naval base. Test your knowledge on key figures, events, and motivations behind European colonialism in Asia during the 15th and 16th centuries.