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What is product differentiation and how can it be used to gain a competitive advantage in an industry?
Product differentiation is a strategy that involves making a product or service unique or distinct from those of competitors. It can be used to gain a competitive advantage by making a product more appealing to customers, creating brand loyalty, and increasing market share. For example, iPhone differentiates itself by providing enhanced security.
How do government policies and regulations affect the threat of new entrants in an industry?
Government policies and regulations can increase the threat of new entrants by making it easier or more difficult for new firms to enter an industry. In industries that are heavily regulated, obtaining permits and licenses can be a significant barrier to entry, while in industries with fewer regulations, it may be easier for new firms to enter.
What are the factors that contribute to the low to medium threat of new entrants in the airline industry?
The factors that contribute to the low to medium threat of new entrants in the airline industry include the need for significant upfront investments, licenses, insurances, distribution channels, and other qualifications that are not easy to obtain, such as access to flight routes.
How do existing firms in the airline industry respond to the threat of new entrants?
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What determines the intensity of rivalry among existing firms in an industry?
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What are key activities in the Business Model Canvas?
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What do key resources refer to in the Business Model Canvas?
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What is the main purpose of identifying key activities in a business model?
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What are key partners in the Business Model Canvas?
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What is the primary focus of the Cost Structure building block in the Business Model Canvas?
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What is the main goal of identifying key resources in a business model?
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What is the relationship between key activities and key resources?
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What is the primary focus of the Key Activities building block in the Business Model Canvas?
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Why is it essential to identify key partners in a business model?
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What is the main purpose of the Business Model Canvas?
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Study Notes
The Five Forces Model
- The Five Forces model is a framework to understand industry structure and competitive environment, developed by Professor Michael Porter.
- The model is comprised of five forces that determine industry profitability: threat of substitutes, threat of new entrants, rivalry among existing firms, bargaining power of suppliers, and bargaining power of buyers.
- Well-managed firms will position themselves to avoid or diminish these forces to beat the average rate of return for the industry.
Threat of Substitutes
- Industries are more attractive when the threat of substitutes is low, meaning products or services from other industries can't easily serve as substitutes.
- Example: pharmaceutical industry has historically been profitable due to few substitutes for prescription medicines.
Bargaining Power of Buyers
- Industry is more attractive when the bargaining power of buyers is low, with few competitors and many buyers.
- Buyers can demand price reductions or increase in quality with more competitors.
- Companies can reduce buyer power by implementing loyalty programs or differentiating their products and services.
Competitor Analysis
- A competitor analysis is a detailed analysis of a firm's competition to understand their positions and identify opportunities for competitive advantage.
- Identifying competitors involves evaluating their plans to determine their strengths and weaknesses.
Types of Competitors
- Direct competitors: target the same customers as the new firm, making it difficult to attract loyal customers.
- Indirect competitors: target the same basic need, but with different products (e.g., coffee, tea, and juice are indirect competitors for soft drink companies).
- Product differentiation and innovation can help a firm differentiate its products from competitors.
Government Policies and Regulations
- Industries heavily regulated by the government are difficult to penetrate, with many permits required before opening a new business.
- Examples: Commercial Airlines and Telecommunication sectors.
Threat of New Entrants
- The threat of new entrants in the airline industry is considered low to medium due to high upfront investments and regulatory requirements.
- However, companies like Southwest Airlines, RyanAir, and EasyJet have successfully entered the industry by introducing innovative cost-cutting business models.
Rivalry among Existing Firms
- This force examines the intensity of current competition in the marketplace, determined by the number and diversity of competitors and their capabilities.
- The airline industry is an example of intense competition, with many players competing for market share.
Business Model
- A business model is a plan or recipe for how a firm creates, delivers, and captures value for its stakeholders.
- It represents the core aspects of a business and how they fit together to support one another.
Business Model Canvas (BMC)
- A strategic management tool and a visual framework for developing and sketching out new or existing business models.
- A pre-formatted visual template with nine blocks of a business model.
Components of Business Model Canvas
Value Proposition
- The products or services a business offers, which provide core value to customers.
- Describes how a firm differentiates itself from competitors and why customers choose one firm over another.
- Examples of value propositions include:
- Newness
- Performance
- Customization
- “Getting the Job Done”
- Design
- Brand/Status
- Price
- Cost Reduction
- Convenience
Customer Segments
- Identify who the value proposition targets.
- The target audience for a business' products and services.
- Examples of customer segments include:
- Small niche community
- Mass market
Channels
- The means by which a company delivers products or services to customers.
- Includes the company's marketing and distribution strategy.
- Examples of channels include:
- Online platforms
- Physical stores
- Social media
- Advertising
Customer Relationships
- The type of relationship a company has with its customers.
- How a company interacts with customers and how this differs amongst customer segments.
- Examples of customer relationships include:
- Personal assistance
- Dedicated Personal Assistance
- Self-Service
Key Partners
- Identify a company's key partners, which can include important suppliers in the supply chain.
- The activities necessary to execute a company's business model.
- Examples of key partners include:
- Suppliers
- Manufacturers
- Distributors
Key Activities
- The activities necessary to execute a company's business model.
- The specific key activities necessary to deliver a value proposition.
- Examples of key activities include:
- Production
- Marketing
- Distribution
- Sales
Key Resources
- The specific key resources or assets necessary to deliver a value proposition.
- The resources that are necessary to create value for the customer.
- Examples of key resources include:
- Physical resources (e.g. buildings, equipment)
- Intellectual resources (e.g. brand, patents, copyrights)
- Human resources
- Financial resources
Cost Structure
- Identify the key costs in a company's business model.
- The major drivers of costs.
- Examples of cost structures include:
- Fixed costs
- Variable costs
- Economies of scale
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Description
This quiz covers the Five Forces model, a framework for understanding industry structure and competitive environment, developed by Professor Michael Porter.
