Portal Hypertension and Liver Disease
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Questions and Answers

Which condition describes the replacement of normal hepatic parenchyma with fibrotic tissue?

  • Liver fibrosis
  • Cirrhosis (correct)
  • Metabolic liver disease
  • Fatty liver

    • What is the result of resistance to blood flow in portal hypertension?

  • Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG)
  • Ascites and varices (correct)
  • Encephalopathy
  • Pleural effusion

    • At what hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) level may esophageal and gastric varices and variceal bleeding arise?

  • >15 mm Hg
  • 5 mm Hg
  • >20 mm Hg
  • 10 mm Hg (correct)

    • Which stage of liver disease involves scar tissue formation and more liver cell injury?

    <p>Liver fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of the liver related to carbohydrates?

    <p>Glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune condition is associated with liver disease?

    <p>Autoimmune hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common condition associated with decompensated cirrhosis?

    <p>Ascites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary sodium restriction is recommended for patients with ascites?

    <p>Less than 800 mg sodium per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line pharmacologic therapy for ascites?

    <p>Spironolactone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum amount of ascitic fluid that can be removed through diuresis per day?

    <p>0.5 L/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a synthetic somatostatin analog used in variceal bleeding?

    <p>(MOA) Octreotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line drug therapy for hepatic encephalopathy?

    <p>(Lactulose)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What combination therapy results in decreased rebleeding rates and transfusion needs in variceal bleeding?

    <p>Balloon tamponade and sclerotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication decreases urease-producing gut bacteria and ammonia production?

    <p>Rifaximin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication conserves potassium that would otherwise be excreted because of elevated aldosterone levels?

    <p>Spironolactone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes selective vasoconstriction of the splanchnic bed, resulting in decreasing portal venous pressure with few serious side effects?

    <p>Octreotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment involves injection of irritant agents causing coagulation of blood and narrowing of the blood vessel wall?

    <p>Sclerotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common condition associated with decompensated cirrhosis?

    <p>Ascites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line pharmacologic therapy for ascites?

    <p>Spironolactone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary sodium restriction is recommended for patients with ascites?

    <p>Less than 800 mg sodium per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication decreases urease-producing gut bacteria and ammonia production?

    <p>Rifaximin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination therapy results in decreased rebleeding rates and transfusion needs in variceal bleeding?

    <p>Octreotide and endoscopic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes selective vasoconstriction of the splanchnic bed, resulting in decreasing portal venous pressure with few serious side effects?

    <p>Octreotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum amount of ascitic fluid that can be removed through diuresis per day?

    <p>0.5 L/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) level may esophageal and gastric varices and variceal bleeding arise?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with liver disease and involves immune-mediated damage to the bile ducts?

    <p>Primary biliary cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line treatment for hepatic encephalopathy?

    <p>Lactulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication is a synthetic somatostatin analog used in the management of variceal bleeding?

    <p>Octreotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary sodium restriction is recommended for patients with ascites?

    <p>Less than 2,000 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication decreases urease-producing gut bacteria and ammonia production?

    <p>Neomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of resistance to blood flow in portal hypertension?

    <p>Development of varices and ascites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication conserves potassium that would otherwise be excreted because of elevated aldosterone levels?

    <p>Spironolactone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) level may esophageal and gastric varices and variceal bleeding arise?

    <p>10 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What combination therapy results in decreased rebleeding rates and transfusion needs in variceal bleeding?

    <p>Endoscopic band ligation and beta-blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of the liver related to carbohydrates?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune condition is associated with liver disease and involves immune-mediated damage to hepatocytes?

    <p>Autoimmune hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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