Portal Hypertension and Liver Disease

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Questions and Answers

Which condition describes the replacement of normal hepatic parenchyma with fibrotic tissue?

  • Liver fibrosis
  • Cirrhosis (correct)
  • Metabolic liver disease
  • Fatty liver

What is the result of resistance to blood flow in portal hypertension?

  • Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG)
  • Ascites and varices (correct)
  • Encephalopathy
  • Pleural effusion

At what hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) level may esophageal and gastric varices and variceal bleeding arise?

  • >15 mm Hg
  • 5 mm Hg
  • >20 mm Hg
  • 10 mm Hg (correct)

Which stage of liver disease involves scar tissue formation and more liver cell injury?

<p>Liver fibrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the liver related to carbohydrates?

<p>Glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which autoimmune condition is associated with liver disease?

<p>Autoimmune hepatitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common condition associated with decompensated cirrhosis?

<p>Ascites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary sodium restriction is recommended for patients with ascites?

<p>Less than 800 mg sodium per day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line pharmacologic therapy for ascites?

<p>Spironolactone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of ascitic fluid that can be removed through diuresis per day?

<p>0.5 L/day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a synthetic somatostatin analog used in variceal bleeding?

<p>(MOA) Octreotide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line drug therapy for hepatic encephalopathy?

<p>(Lactulose) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What combination therapy results in decreased rebleeding rates and transfusion needs in variceal bleeding?

<p>Balloon tamponade and sclerotherapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication decreases urease-producing gut bacteria and ammonia production?

<p>Rifaximin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication conserves potassium that would otherwise be excreted because of elevated aldosterone levels?

<p>Spironolactone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes selective vasoconstriction of the splanchnic bed, resulting in decreasing portal venous pressure with few serious side effects?

<p>Octreotide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment involves injection of irritant agents causing coagulation of blood and narrowing of the blood vessel wall?

<p>Sclerotherapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common condition associated with decompensated cirrhosis?

<p>Ascites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line pharmacologic therapy for ascites?

<p>Spironolactone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary sodium restriction is recommended for patients with ascites?

<p>Less than 800 mg sodium per day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication decreases urease-producing gut bacteria and ammonia production?

<p>Rifaximin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination therapy results in decreased rebleeding rates and transfusion needs in variceal bleeding?

<p>Octreotide and endoscopic therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes selective vasoconstriction of the splanchnic bed, resulting in decreasing portal venous pressure with few serious side effects?

<p>Octreotide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of ascitic fluid that can be removed through diuresis per day?

<p>0.5 L/day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) level may esophageal and gastric varices and variceal bleeding arise?

<p>5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with liver disease and involves immune-mediated damage to the bile ducts?

<p>Primary biliary cirrhosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for hepatic encephalopathy?

<p>Lactulose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication is a synthetic somatostatin analog used in the management of variceal bleeding?

<p>Octreotide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary sodium restriction is recommended for patients with ascites?

<p>Less than 2,000 mg/day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication decreases urease-producing gut bacteria and ammonia production?

<p>Neomycin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of resistance to blood flow in portal hypertension?

<p>Development of varices and ascites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication conserves potassium that would otherwise be excreted because of elevated aldosterone levels?

<p>Spironolactone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) level may esophageal and gastric varices and variceal bleeding arise?

<p>10 mm Hg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What combination therapy results in decreased rebleeding rates and transfusion needs in variceal bleeding?

<p>Endoscopic band ligation and beta-blockers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the liver related to carbohydrates?

<p>Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which autoimmune condition is associated with liver disease and involves immune-mediated damage to hepatocytes?

<p>Autoimmune hepatitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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