36 Questions
Which condition describes the replacement of normal hepatic parenchyma with fibrotic tissue?
Cirrhosis
What is the result of resistance to blood flow in portal hypertension?
Ascites and varices
At what hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) level may esophageal and gastric varices and variceal bleeding arise?
10 mm Hg
Which stage of liver disease involves scar tissue formation and more liver cell injury?
Liver fibrosis
What are the functions of the liver related to carbohydrates?
Glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis
Which autoimmune condition is associated with liver disease?
Autoimmune hepatitis
What is the most common condition associated with decompensated cirrhosis?
Ascites
What dietary sodium restriction is recommended for patients with ascites?
Less than 800 mg sodium per day
What is the first-line pharmacologic therapy for ascites?
Spironolactone
What is the maximum amount of ascitic fluid that can be removed through diuresis per day?
0.5 L/day
Which medication is a synthetic somatostatin analog used in variceal bleeding?
(MOA) Octreotide
What is the first-line drug therapy for hepatic encephalopathy?
(Lactulose)
What combination therapy results in decreased rebleeding rates and transfusion needs in variceal bleeding?
Balloon tamponade and sclerotherapy
What medication decreases urease-producing gut bacteria and ammonia production?
Rifaximin
Which medication conserves potassium that would otherwise be excreted because of elevated aldosterone levels?
Spironolactone
What causes selective vasoconstriction of the splanchnic bed, resulting in decreasing portal venous pressure with few serious side effects?
Octreotide
Which treatment involves injection of irritant agents causing coagulation of blood and narrowing of the blood vessel wall?
Sclerotherapy
What is the most common condition associated with decompensated cirrhosis?
Ascites
What is the first-line pharmacologic therapy for ascites?
Spironolactone
What dietary sodium restriction is recommended for patients with ascites?
Less than 800 mg sodium per day
Which medication decreases urease-producing gut bacteria and ammonia production?
Rifaximin
Which combination therapy results in decreased rebleeding rates and transfusion needs in variceal bleeding?
Octreotide and endoscopic therapy
What causes selective vasoconstriction of the splanchnic bed, resulting in decreasing portal venous pressure with few serious side effects?
Octreotide
What is the maximum amount of ascitic fluid that can be removed through diuresis per day?
0.5 L/day
At what hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) level may esophageal and gastric varices and variceal bleeding arise?
5
Which condition is associated with liver disease and involves immune-mediated damage to the bile ducts?
Primary biliary cirrhosis
What is the first-line treatment for hepatic encephalopathy?
Lactulose
What medication is a synthetic somatostatin analog used in the management of variceal bleeding?
Octreotide
What dietary sodium restriction is recommended for patients with ascites?
Less than 2,000 mg/day
What medication decreases urease-producing gut bacteria and ammonia production?
Neomycin
What is the result of resistance to blood flow in portal hypertension?
Development of varices and ascites
Which medication conserves potassium that would otherwise be excreted because of elevated aldosterone levels?
Spironolactone
At what hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) level may esophageal and gastric varices and variceal bleeding arise?
10 mm Hg
What combination therapy results in decreased rebleeding rates and transfusion needs in variceal bleeding?
Endoscopic band ligation and beta-blockers
What are the functions of the liver related to carbohydrates?
Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
Which autoimmune condition is associated with liver disease and involves immune-mediated damage to hepatocytes?
Autoimmune hepatitis
Test your knowledge about portal hypertension and its clinical impact on liver disease stages, healthy liver development, varices, ascites, and the deposition of fat causing liver enlargement.
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