Population Health Concepts and Nursing Practices

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Questions and Answers

What is a key focus of downstream thinking in healthcare?

Implementing population-wide health promotion programs.

Addressing the broad social determinants of health.

Focusing on individual curative treatments. (correct)

Considering the environmental impact on community health.

Which of the following best describes an 'aggregate' in population health?

A large, diverse group of people with varied characteristics.

A subgroup within a population sharing common traits or concerns. (correct)

A group of people with no common characteristics.

The total number of individuals in a geographic area.

Which of the following is an example of upstream thinking?

Administering vaccinations during a flu season.

Treating individual cases of diabetes with medication.

Advocating for policies to reduce income inequality. (correct)

Providing rehabilitation services to stroke patients.

According to PHAC (2018), what is a key indicator of population health?

Mental & social well-being and life satisfaction. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a determinant of health?

A person's annual income and social status. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of approach is characterized by examining the 'big picture' and focusing on population health?

Upstream approach (C) Signup and view all the answers

A population is best described as:

A large, diverse group of people sharing one or more characteristics. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a social determinant of health?

Educational level and access to resources. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A Public Health Nurse (PHN) providing Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) for tuberculosis is an example of which standard of practice?

Health Maintenance, Restoration & Palliation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies a Community Health Nurse (CHN) working to maintain health, restore function or support end-of-life transitions?

Referring a patient to stroke rehabilitation services. (A) Signup and view all the answers

When a Home Health Nurse (HHN) communicates with a disabled student's guardian, teacher, and classroom assistant, this demonstrates which standard?

Health Maintenance, Restoration & Palliation (B) Signup and view all the answers

A Registered Nurse (RN) in primary care providing care to individuals and families over their lifetime is an example of which standard?

Professional Relationships (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which action demonstrates a Community Health Nurse (CHN) addressing the 'Health Equity' standard?

Advocating for respite care for a family with a medically fragile child. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A PHN working to improve their smoking cessation messaging through community consultation with Indigenous people is an example of which standard?

Health Equity (B) Signup and view all the answers

A Home Health Nurse (HHN) providing palliative care in a client’s home is an example of which standard?

Professional Relationships (D) Signup and view all the answers

A primary care RN facilitates financial assistance for patients requiring drugs, this action best represents which standard?

Health Equity (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the presented information, what is a key consequence of a large gap in social status within a population?

Decreased overall population health and increased health care costs. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the focus of social justice in the context of health services?

Ensuring all members have equal access to healthcare. (B) Signup and view all the answers

The Population Health Promotion Model encourages a shift away from what concept in the discussion of health risks?

Assigning blame solely to the individual. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Population Health Promotion Model in addressing health risk?

To serve as a tool for planning and addressing health risks of identified groups. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the medical model of health care in the early 1970s?

Treatment and cure within institutions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what was a significant outcome of the Alma-Alta conference in 1978?

The adoption of primary health care as a key international strategy. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of `primary care` differ from `population health promotion` according to the provided information?

Primary care is the first point of contact for disease treatment, while population health promotion is a different approach entirely. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of the `equitable distribution of essential health services` as discussed in the context of primary health care?

To provide all populations with access to essential health services. (B) Signup and view all the answers

When a community health nurse (CHN) receives a client request that brings up ethical considerations, what is the most appropriate first step?

Explore the client's reasons and consult with the healthcare team and a nursing practice advisor. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In what two ways do Community Health Nurses (CHNs) work?

In the community providing care to individuals and with the community as a whole in a service capacity. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA), which of the following is NOT a key principle for interprofessional collaboration?

Maintaining strict professional boundaries (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was Florence Nightingale's significant contribution to healthcare during the Crimean War?

Documenting reduced mortality using basic epidemiological methods. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What historical figure established the first association for district nursing?

William Rathbone (D) Signup and view all the answers

What did the establishment of district nursing in the U.K. directly lead to?

Establishing the Victorian Order of Nursing. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between Florence Nightingale and indigenous peoples?

She held prejudicial views against them and was part of colonialism. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A community health nurse is collaborating with a group of professionals which best illustrates their understanding of the 'focus on the client' principle?

The team works together to create a care plan that prioritizes the individual needs of the client. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution is attributed to Lillian Wald in the field of public health?

She coined the term 'Public Health Nurse' and developed models for public health and social service programs. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what capacity did Eunice Dyke significantly contribute to public health in Canada?

She became the first Director of Public Health Nursing in Toronto. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a key focus of public health nursing in Canada during the early 1900s?

Organizing home visits and addressing diseases like tuberculosis. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was a main focus of public health efforts in Canada post World War II?

Focusing on health prevention and education. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What broader term now encompasses public health nursing and other subspecialties?

Community health nursing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What primary function do community health nurses perform related to early disease identification?

Gathering data for early identification of disease threats (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided text, what is a key element of ‘continuity of care’ as practiced by community health nurses?

Making linkages to improve client health status (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which document was not released in 2003?

Canadian Community Health Nursing Professional Practice Model & Standards of Practice (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of discharge planning?

To prevent health issues from developing after a patient leaves the hospital. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A community health nurse (CHN) is initiating the referral process for a client. Which action is MOST important at this stage?

Understanding both resource and client barriers to referrals. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the focus of health education?

Strategically informing people about health promotion, illness prevention, and treatment tailored to individual or group needs. (B) Signup and view all the answers

When developing health education strategies, what primary assessment element should be considered?

The literacy level of the patient. (B), The client’s developmental stage. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective when CHNs engage in team building and community development?

To build community health capacities for better health and well-being outcomes (D) Signup and view all the answers

In interprofessional collaboration, with whom do CHNs work?

Various health professionals, patients, and their families. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of consultation, decision-making, and leadership, which group is NOT typically a stakeholder that a CHN would consult with?

Company shareholders. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why does a discharge planner need to be familiar with the referral process?

Community services are usually required following hospital discharge. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

NURS 3036: Community & Population Health Nursing - Week 1

Course code: NURS 3036
Topics for the week include: Introduction to Community & Population Health Nursing, Historical Milestones in Canadian Community Health Nursing, Fundamental Concepts & Models, Canadian Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice, Roles, Settings, and Functions of Community Health Nurses
Additional materials are available on D2L
Important concepts are reviewed, including Community Health Nursing, Social Determinants of Health, and Population Health
Topics for today include introduction to Community & Population Health Nursing, historical milestones in the development of community health nursing in Canada, fundamental concepts and models, Canadian Community Health Standards of Practice, roles, settings, and functions of community health nurses.
There is a discussion on what students know already about Community Health Nursing, Social Determinants of Health, and Population health. Students are asked what they want to know more about.
An online activity (Mentimeter) is used to gather student input about the course topics.
Community Health Nursing involves nurses working in the community. Community Health Nurses (CHNs) partner with people where they live, work, learn, meet and play to promote their health.
Population health approach is different from traditional health care. Traditional health care focuses on the individual, while population health focuses on the interrelated conditions & factors that influence the health of populations over the lifetime.
Upstream and Downstream thinking are concepts in health that distinguish approaches to public health. Upstream thinking is population-focused and includes a primary prevention perspective. Downstream thinking is individual-focused and takes a microscopic approach.
Health and Population health are measured by health indicators like life expectancy, preterm birth, cannabis use, and cancer incidence
Population is a large group and aggregate is a group within a population. An example of a population is citizens of Thunder Bay. An example of an aggregate is school-aged children in Thunder Bay
Key determinants of health include income and social status, employment and work conditions, education and literacy, childhood experiences, physical environments, social supports and coping skills, healthy behaviors, access to healthcare services, biology and genetic endowment, gender, culture, and race/racism
Equity and social justice are major concepts in public health. Equity focuses on differences in social status impacting the health of a larger community, whereas social justice ensures fairness and equality in health services for equal access to care.
A population health promotion model is introduced, showing the different levels of society that should be involved in the process of creating health and health programs.
The model helps identify challenges impacting the population health and how to take action
Community health nursing practice emphasizes the importance of viewing health from a population perspective and addresses risk factors across social and environmental determinants of health.
Primary health care focuses on treatment in institutions while recognizing primary care as the first point of contact for diseases. The Alma-Alta conference played an important role to ensure preferred international strategy
Important principles of primary health care are discussed, including equitable distribution of services, emphasis on preventive care, maximum community involvement in planning, integration of health with social and economic development, and the use of appropriate technologies
CHN Standards of Practice (2019) are examined
CHNs use five Ottawa Charter health promotion strategies: building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services

Specific Standards of Practice

Standard 1: Health Promotion - CHNs integrate health promotion strategies into their practice. Examples include working with communities to implement policies, promoting healthy eating and physical activity, and supporting families impacted by chronic illnesses.
Standard 2: Prevention & Health Protection - This focuses on using the socio-ecological model to address prevention and health protection activities. Examples include promoting proper child car seat usage, providing immunizations, and teaching diabetic management to prevent reactions.
Standard 3: Health Maintenance, Restoration & Palliation - This standard addresses maintaining health, restoration, and support during life transitions. Examples include providing directly observed therapy for TB patients and supporting individuals requiring referral for stroke rehabilitation.
Standard 4: Professional Relationships - CHNs establish therapeutic and professional relationships with clients and their families. Examples include offering palliative care and providing holistic care to guide families through health and illness experiences.
Standard 5: Capacity Building - CHNs help clients enhance their capacity for managing their health. Examples include teaching about medication management, enabling client participation, and working together to overcome challenges experienced by a family member.
Standard 6: Health Equity - CHNs recognize health discrepancies and advocate for healthy policies. Examples include challenging cultural assumptions in messaging, incorporating Indigenous perspectives, and advocating for financial assistance programs.
Standard 7: Evidence Informed Practice - CHNs utilize best evidence to guide practice and support clients' informed health decisions. Examples include reviewing literature, creating online resources and developing policies based on evidence-based research.
Standard 8: Professional Responsibility & Accountability - CHNs display their commitment to professional accountability in their practice. Examples involve resolving role conflicts within their healthcare settings and demonstrating commitment to harm reduction principles when practicing within a needle exchange program
Discusses core competencies for CHNs, which are discussed as professional responsibility, ethical decision making, and accountability.
Introduces the topic of next week's activities (evidence-based practice, epidemiology and working with communities).

Other Key Concepts

Collaboration with other professionals and client teams is stressed. This includes collaboration with physicians
The different roles and settings (including military, school, public health, occupational, home health, rural health, and corrections) for community health nurses.
Emphasis on continuity of care and discharge planning is highlighted as crucial to client well-being and preventing potential health challenges after a hospital stay
The role of referrals is explained in the context of connecting clients with appropriate resources
Health education is an important aspect of community health nursing which includes addressing people's health literacy needs

Additional Information

A variety of resources, including websites for various public health organizations, are discussed.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts of population health and nursing practices in public health. This quiz covers downstream and upstream thinking, determinants of health, and the roles of various nurses in community health. Ideal for students and professionals in the healthcare field.