Population Health and Determinants of Health
41 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary aim of population health?

  • To increase healthcare costs
  • To reduce health inequities among population groups (correct)
  • To improve the health of specific individuals
  • To enhance technology in healthcare

    • Which of the following is NOT considered a determinant of health?

  • Income and social status
  • Climate change (correct)
  • Education and literacy
  • Access to health services

    • Which determinant of health is identified as having the most influence?

  • Culture
  • Education and literacy
  • Income and social status (correct)
  • Access to health services

    • What societal issue does low socioeconomic status increase the risk of?

    <p>Food insecurity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Health inequities are defined as differences that are:

    <p>Unfair, unjust, and avoidable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors related to social status may influence health outcomes?

    <p>Education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with the consequences of low socioeconomic status?

    <p>Drug and alcohol addiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of modifiable contributors to health outcomes is estimated to be related to medical care?

    <p>10-20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a modifiable contributor to health inequities?

    <p>Genetic predispositions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the primary focus of interventions aimed at reducing health inequities?

    <p>A human rights approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily contributes to excess morbidity and premature mortality in a population?

    <p>Ignoring social determinants of health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended approach to address health inequities?

    <p>Health in All Policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following contributes to the erosion of social cohesion in populations facing health inequities?

    <p>Excess bereavement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a distal (upstream) determinant of health?

    <p>Air and water quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major outcome of ignoring the impact of social determinants on health?

    <p>Health inequities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consequence of structural racism on health?

    <p>Reduced access to routine health screenings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of public health nursing?

    <p>Disease prevention for the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a role of public health nurses?

    <p>Primary caregiver for emergency surgeries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does upstream thinking in public health prioritize?

    <p>Long-term health fairness and social factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of public health nursing, what does the term 'community engagement' refer to?

    <p>Working collaboratively with community members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of settings do public health nurses typically work in?

    <p>Public health agencies and community environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus area of community health nursing practice?

    <p>Disease prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three levels of disease prevention?

    <p>Quaternary prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In community health nursing, who is viewed as the client?

    <p>The community as a whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle of collaboration emphasizes the importance of quality care based on evidence?

    <p>Evidence-informed decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major public health function involves the ongoing collection of health data?

    <p>Public health surveillance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which professionals do community health nurses typically collaborate with?

    <p>Social workers and nutritionists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of public health nurses in their role?

    <p>To promote and protect health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT represent a principle identified by the CNA for collaboration?

    <p>Financial management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recent emphasis in public health has shifted towards managing which type of conditions?

    <p>Chronic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is foundational to community health nursing?

    <p>Population health determinants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of community health nursing?

    <p>Enhancing the health of all people and communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a targeted universal approach?

    <p>An approach that targets specific health issues while promoting overall health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of effective health promotion initiatives?

    <p>Collaborative work with the community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nursing includes home health and occupational health nursing?

    <p>Community health nursing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an expected outcome of health promotion initiatives?

    <p>Increased health equity among different population groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should health interventions be improved according to community health principles?

    <p>By incorporating feedback from the affected community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of community health nursing practice?

    <p>Engagement in the assessment and planning with the community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concern might a public health initiative focused on health equity address?

    <p>Access to healthcare services for marginalized populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nursing focuses specifically on mental health in community settings?

    <p>Mental health community nursing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common limitation faced by public health initiatives?

    <p>Inadequate funding and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course name: Professional Formation III: Foundations of Population-Focused Nursing
    • Course code: NRSG 4101
    • Class: 1
    • Year: Winter 2025
    • Instructor: Mindy MacNeil Gushue, MScN, BScN, RN, CMSN(C)

    Agenda

    • Brief Biography
    • Review Course Syllabus
    • Today's Concept: Professional Identity
    • Today's Exemplars:
      • Health Inequalities and Health Inequities in Context
      • Population-Focused Nursing
      • Public Health Nursing
      • Political Identity - Service Learning

    Biography

    • Highlights: Mother of 3, Wife, Dog Mom, Assistant Professor CBU, Casual RN, NS Health Researcher
    • Education & Certifications: BSc in Biology/Psychology SMU, BScN STFX, MSCN MUN, Certification in Medical/Surgical Nursing CNA
    • Hobbies & Interests: Soccer Mom, Traveling, Music, Research Interests: Supporting Nurses' Mental Health, Improving Post-Operative Outcomes
    • Work Experience: Nova Scotia Health – Acute Care (Surgical Unit, ICU, Perioperative Services), Casual in Long Term Care, Clinical Preceptor NSCC

    Course Syllabus

    • Contact Information
    • Required Textbooks
    • Course Goals & Objectives
    • Class Schedule/Outline
    • Assignments
    • Midterm Requirements and Evaluation
    • Class Participation
    • Communication
    • CBU Policies
    • Absence
    • Nova Scotia Health Immunization E-learning : https://elearning.nshealth.ca/Studio/Catalogue

    Professional Identity

    • Collaboration
    • Compassion
    • Civility
    • Professionalism
    • Evidence-based practices
    • Desire for Excellence in Care, Safety, Leadership and Presence, Respect for Diversity of Roles, Nurturers, Pride and Confidence in
    • Clinical Judgment
    • Education and Practice Together
    • Community, Action, Growth, Mind-Engagement, Humility, Moral & Ethical Actions, Courage, Accepting Diversity
    • Patient-Centered Formation
    • Self-Care
    • Professional Health
    • Workplace
    • Identity Formation in Nursing
    • Knowing Ways
    • Integrity
    • Experience in Healthcare Setting
    • Capacity to Care
    • Resilience
    • Self-Awareness, Accountability, Honesty, Life-Long Learning, Empathy, Relationality, Dynamic emotional intelligence, Reflection, Maturity (Innovation, Inclusiveness, and Adaptability)

    Health Inequalities and Health Inequities in Context

    • Equality vs. Equity
    • Health inequities are health differences between population groups — defined in social, economic, demographic, or geographic terms — that are unfair, unjust and avoidable.
    • Health equity means all people can reach their full health potential and should not be disadvantaged in attaining it, striving to improve health outcomes for all population groups and reducing the excess burden of ill health among the socially and economically disadvantaged populations.

    Three Features of Health Inequities

    • Systematic
    • Avoidable
    • Unfair/Unjust

    Health Inequities

    • Health status (morbidity and mortality)
    • Distribution of health resources (accessibility, affordability, acceptability, availability, and quality)
    • Social conditions (SDoH) (where people live, work, play and age)

    Health Inequities – The Human Cost

    • Excess morbidity and premature mortality
    • Unfulfilled human potential
    • Eroded social cohesion
    • Excess bereavements
    • Increased unpaid caregiver reliance

    Health Inequities – Modifiable Contributors

    • Medical care is estimated to only account for 10-20% of the modifiable contributors to healthy outcomes for a population.
    • The other 80 to 90% are health-related behaviours, socioeconomic factors, and other factors (such as policies and programs)

    Reducing Health Inequities

    • Adopt a human rights approach.
    • Intervene across the life course with evidence-informed policies.
    • Intervene on both proximal (downstream) and distal (upstream) determinants.
    • Deploy a combination of targeted interventions and universal policies.
    • Address both material contexts and sociocultural processes.
    • Implement a “Health in all policies” approach.
    • Carry out ongoing monitoring and evaluation.

    Common Health Disparities

    • Lack of health insurance and high healthcare costs
    • Language barriers
    • Lack of transportation
    • Provider-patient communication
    • Biased clinical decision making
    • Patient's mistrust and refusal

    Equality, Equity, & Systemic Change

    • Equality-Everyone receives the same supports.
    • Equity-Everyone receives the supports they need.
    • Justice- Everyone has access to the supports.

    Population-Focused Nursing

    • What are the major differences between population-focused practice and traditional direct-care practice?
    • What is population-focused nursing? -Population-focused nursing aims to improve the health of the entire population and to reduce health inequities among priority population groups.
    • How does population-focused nursing differ from traditional healthcare? -Traditional healthcare provides treatment to those with an illness and focuses on the individual.

    Population-Focused Nursing Practice

    • Individual-focused nursing practice (assessment, diagnoses, planning, interventions, and evaluation are carried out at the individual client level).
    • Population-focused nursing practice (uses a defined population or aggregates as the organizing unit of care. Assessment, diagnoses, planning, interventions, and evaluation are carried out for a population or subpopulation). -Levels of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary). -Population-level decision making is different -Concerned with more than one subpopulation

    Priority Populations

    • Race or ethnicity, culture, class, gender, age, religion, gender identity, sexual orientation, disease state, other social factors.
    • Low SES
    • Low levels of education/literacy
    • Unemployed, under-employed, or working conditions
    • Homeless or precariously housed
    • Recent immigrants and refugees
    • Single parents (mainly women)
    • Persons with disability/differently abled
    • People living with substance use disorder
    • Chronic physical, and/or mental illness
    • Persons experiencing violence
    • Youth/elderly

    Blended Approaches to Addressing Health Equity

    • Proportionate Universalism
    • Recognizes that to level up the gradient, programs and policies must include a range of responses for different levels of disadvantage experienced within the population.
    • A focus solely on most disadvantaged will not reduce health inequalities.
    • To reduce the steepness of the social gradient in health, actions must be universal, but with a scale and intensity that is proportionate to the level.
    • Targeted Universalism
    • Recognizes universalism can still result in an unacceptable health gap.
    • A targeted approach can have little effect on the slope of the health gradient.
    • Defines goals for all, identifies the obstacles faced by specific groups, and modifies strategies to address the barriers in those situations.

    Community/Public Health Nursing

    • Definitions of Community/Public Health nursing
    • An umbrella term that encompasses various practice areas, including Public health, Home health, Occupational, Primary Healthcare, Mental Health Community Nurse, nurses working in health promotion.
    • What is Public Health?:
      • Community health nursing, with a distinct focus and scope of practice, primarily shifted emphasis from managing communicable diseases to preventing and managing chronic conditions.
    • Practice settings for Community/Public Health nurses:
      • Employed by public health agencies (health units, health departments, regional health authorities)
      • Practice in homes, schools, workplaces, community health centers and clinical settings.
      • Have a baccalaureate degree in nursing with curriculum content in community health nursing, epidemiology, research, management, and leadership.
    • Functions and Roles (advocacy, management, leadership or consultation):
      • Building and maintaining partnerships with community leaders.
    • Access to physical activity opportunities, hand hygiene, pedestrian safety, safer sex practices
    • Referral resources (referring patients to health and social services within the community).
    • Assessors of patient literacy (illiteracy has medical, social and legal implications).
      • Educators (Providing information to patients or staff).
      • Primary caregivers (Prenatal services, immunizations for targeted populations).
    • Multiple roles in emergency preparedness and planning (communicable disease surveillance, finding infected individuals).
      • Collaboration: (commitment of two or more parties who set goals to address identified client health concerns - collaboration includes physicians, social workers, nutritionists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, other health care professionals, and the client itself).
    • CNA Position on Collaboration: Eight principles for collaboration include client-centered care, evidence-informed decision-making for quality care, access, epidemiology, ethics, communication, social justice and equity and cultural safety.

    Political Identity & Service Learning

    • Nurses have an essential role in political advocacy and can significantly influence policymakers' decisions.
    • Professional Identity (Self-regulated, Autonomous, Collaboration, Direct Service)
    • Political Identity (Civic engagement, Community partnerships, Political activism, Service)
    • Reflect on following: -How can nurses be actively politically engaged/create opportunities to influence? -Why is it important for nurses to engage in political activism? -What skills do nurses need for activism on health determinants? -Are these skills similar to or different from other advocacy goals/focus areas?

    Final Thoughts

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    NRSG 4101 Class 1 (4) PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts related to population health, focusing on determinants of health, health inequities, and societal factors influencing health outcomes. Test your knowledge on the various contributors to health disparities and ways to address these issues.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser